Forestry Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Dendroecological growth research for Picea Schrenkiana in Botanical garden of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University by tree-ring data analysis","authors":"А.A. Epishkov, D. Rumyantsev, G. Boyko","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-31-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-31-39","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the material of the Schrenk’s spruce (Picea schrenkiana F. et. M.) from the MSU Botanical Garden, time series of radial growth and dated chronologies of this spruce species were obtained for the first time. A previously developed specific method of cross-dating of tree-ring chronologies has been tested, which is suitable for obtaining dendrochronological information in species growing at the extreme limits of introduction. Fallen annual rings were found in a number of trees in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. The main adverse effect on the growth of the Schrenk’s spruce took place in 2007, after which each tree had a different number of annual rings (depending on the strength of the damage). By the method of climagrams, it was found that the main adverse effect in 2007 was caused by increased temperatures in January, frosts in February and the subsequent drought at the beginning of the growing season.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86316686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and biodiversity changes affected by fires in larch forests at Khilok river (lake basin. Baikal) upstream flow","authors":"V. Makarov, T. V. Zhelibo, O. Malykh, E. Banshchikova, Y. Zima","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-54-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-54-63","url":null,"abstract":"The study results of changes in the larch forests’ structure and biodiversity in the upper Khilok River basin (right tributary of the Selenga River) affected by the climate change and forest fires in the period from 1996 to 2018 are presented. It was found that the area of closed forests decreased by an average of 51 %, the burnt forest area and burnt timber increased by 46%, dwarf birches decreased by 12 %, the natural reforestation of the sample areas is 90 % poor and unsatisfactory. It was revealed that due to fires in forest communities, the total number of plant species and lichens decreases, indices of species wealth and biodiversity concentration decrease in plant communities, and the ratio of species of latitudinal geographical groups (forest, steppe and meadow) changes. It is shown that with further climate aridization, an increase in the area of dwarf birches communities after fires can lead to the replacement of forests with shrubby, and later grassy communities. It is recommended to continue research on changes in the structure and biological diversity of plant communities in the selected model areas due to an increase in the amount of spring-summer precipitation in the region.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85254745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoinformation analysis of changes in Stavropol urban forestry borders","authors":"D. Lipilin, D. Gura, E. Yarotskaya, N. Naumenko","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-40-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-40-53","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out by comparing the spatial data of the project for the organization and management in the Stavropol forestry enterprise. The total area of the Stavropol urban forestry from 1997 to 2021 increased by 564,7 hectares due to the addition of a steppe landscape territory. It was established that 429,75 hectares of forested areas were excluded from forestry. Based on the information from the Unified State Register of Real Estate, the areas that were excluded from the forestry are currently used for residential development. Satellite images show the boundaries of the territories of the stows in 1997 and 2021, marked with different colors of the territory excluded from the total area of forest areas, as well as added areas. The comparative analysis of data for 1997, 2013 and 2021 allows us to identify all the changes in the qualitative and quantitative aspects. In accordance with the results of the study, during the study period, there is a positive trend in the increase in the area of the Stavropol urban forestry. However, it has been established that, based on the results of a detailed analysis of changes in the area of natural boundaries and regional reserves, the area of forest lands that are part of the forestry has decreased. The analysis of the factors that had a negative impact on the forest fund was carried out.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78426897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining gloss of opaque protective and decorative coatings on wood and wood-based materials","authors":"B. Rybin, I. Zavrazhnova, D. Rybin","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-102-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-102-111","url":null,"abstract":"A significant problem in the production of furniture is an objective assessment of the reflective properties of coating surfaces by gloss. Instrument readings are influenced by various factors such as color, saturation, lightness of the surface, roughness of the coating surface under study, the refractive index of a colored substance, etc. The calculations showed that the coefficients of absorption and reflection of visible radiation for colored substances are insignificant over 10 %. Although when light is reflected from the surface of a colored substance, the dominant wavelength range of the visible radiation spectrum is observed, which characterizes color, but its energy characteristics in relation to the reflected flux are insignificant. The total reflected flux characterizes the gloss of the coating, and the dominant color flux characterizes the color of the substance. For colored substances, it is not possible to use the refractive index in optical calculations. When absorbing and reflecting the visible spectrum of radiation from colored substances, anomalous dispersion is observed (the values of the refractive index change according to various dependencies inside the light absorption band and beyond it). The use of known gloss meters for assessing the gloss of opaque colored protective and decorative coatings requires the improvement of existing methods or the development of new ones that allow solving the multifactorial problem of influencing the gloss of color, saturation, lightness and roughness of the studied surfaces.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84259656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant biomass components hydrolysis as universal mechanism for eco safety of natural and synthetic materials","authors":"A. Ivankin, A. Zarubinа, A. Verevkin, M. Baburina","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-120-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-120-127","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrolysis of protein-polysaccharide components of plant materials under basic environmental conditions is the main mechanism of biochemical degradation of biomass in nature. Most modern synthetic polymeric materials do not have the ability to rapidly degrade in the environment after the end of their useful life. The aim of the work was to compare the kinetics of hydrolysis of protein-polysaccharide substances of plant origin and artificially created synthetic polymeric materials with biomarker units. The article studies the kinetics of hydrolysis of the basic constituents of natural materials on the example of model systems — vegetable protein of soy origin and vegetable carbohydrate — starch in comparison with the possible enzymatic biodegradation of a synthetic copolymer used for surface treatment of wood products — a copolymer of glycerol and phthalic anhydride. A methodology for the possible modification of the synthesis of such copolymers by introducing lactic acid fluctuation units into their structure, which increase the bioactivity of the polymer material, is described. The effect of lactic acid units in the composition of synthetic tercopolymer on the rate of its biodegradation has been revealed. The main kinetic constants of the decay rates and activation energies of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the studied objects were determined under conditions simulating their possible biodegradation in the environment. The values of the constants of the maximum rates of pancreatic biodegradation Vmax.102, ranged from 0,24 mg/ml·min–1 for the synthesized tercopolymer of glycerol, phthalic anhydride and lactic acid compared with similar values at the level of 1,43...2,29 mg /ml·min–1 for protein-polysaccharide substrates. It is shown that substances of a protein nature have the highest rate of biodegradation, and a synthetic copolymer of glycerol and phthalic anhydride in the form of glyphthalic resin has a significant resistance to biodegradation. Modification of such a copolymer by introducing lactic acid units into its structure makes it possible to increase its biodegradability. The expediency of modifying the eco-properties of synthetic polymers by introducing lactic acid units into their structure, which increase the biodegradability, has been confirmed.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81909541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth analysis of aspen (Populus tremula L.) produced by in vitro method in Republic of Tatarstan","authors":"G. A. Petrova, E. Kalashnikova, A. Mukhametshina","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-15-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-15-22","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of an experiment on the aspen clones (Populus tremula L.) reproduction resistant to heart rot of the diploid and triploid genotype by micropropagation methods and their introduction into forestry production in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The expediency of using this method in the conditions of the republic for obtaining healthy planting material of aspen, which is characterized by rapid growth, is substantiated. The prospects of clone No. 35 with a triploid genotype reproduction and its introduction into forestry production in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan are shown.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73183807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redwood and ebony blanks impulse convective drying","authors":"S. Moiseev, D. Deyanov, A. A. Kosarin, G. N. Kuryshov","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-112-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-112-119","url":null,"abstract":"A review of literature sources on the physical and mechanical properties of redwood and ebony is given. A description of the characteristic properties of redwood and ebony wood is given. The place of growth of these species, varieties of properties depending on the area of their distribution are indicated. A review of literature sources on regime parameters for drying redwood and ebony wood blanks is given. The drying modes are given, which depend on the current moisture content of the wood and differ from each other in the initial and final temperatures, as well as the degree of saturation of the drying agent at the initial and final stages of drying. The principles of the structure of pulse modes of wood drying are considered. The modes of pulsed drying of redwood 50 mm thick and ebony 25 mm thick blanks are presented. The initial moisture content of mahogany and ebony blanks was determined according to GOST 16588. The control over the current moisture content was carried out by the method of control samples. And the development of drying stresses is based on power samples. The stresses arising during the drying of the workpieces were evaluated by the relative deformation of the power sections teeth, sawn from the control power samples. The use of pulsed modes allows you to reduce energy consumption and improve the drying quality.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73740012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscaping of cultural and public amenities objects","authors":"N. P. Kartashova, V. Kruglyak","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-71-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-71-82","url":null,"abstract":"The historical scheme of the Moscow Palace of Pioneers is analyzed. The features of the reconstruction of the territory of the Moscow Palace of Pioneers are revealed. The master plan of the territory of the palace of creativity for children and youth of the city of Voronezh is shown. The distribution of trees by state categories and life forms is given. The location of flower beds on the territory of the Palace of Creativity for Children and Youth of the city of Voronezh is presented. The range of recommended plants, their exactingness to soil moisture and types of plantings for the object of landscape organization of the territory is characterized. It has been established that planting of tapeworms, landscape groups, row plantings and hedges is recommended on the territory of the design object. The structure of the master plan of the literary park on the territory of the palace of creativity for children and youth of the city of Voronezh is determined. The place of the design object on the panorama with a view of the Voronezh reservoir is indicated.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84203424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical model of one-dimensional nonstationary dynamics of single particle in acoustic and electric fields","authors":"D. A. Tukmakov","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-135-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-135-144","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of calculations of the dynamics of an electrically neutral and electrically charged particle in a closed channel. A mathematical model of the dynamics of a single particle in an acoustic field is presented, in which the potential of the acoustic field is given by a one-dimensional linear wave equation. The dynamics of the particle was described by a differential equation that puts the dependence of the particle velocity on the forces applied to it - the Stokes force acting from the side of the acoustic field, and the Coulomb force acting from the side of the electric field. It is revealed that the amplitude of oscillations of an electrically neutral particle is less than the amplitude of oscillations of an electrically charged particle in an electric field. It is determined that at a small amplitude of the piston oscillations, the amplitude of the change in the speed of an electrically charged particle under the action of electric field forces exceeds the amplitude of the change in the speed of an electrically neutral particle. In this paper, we analyzed the influence on the dynamics of an electrically charged particle in an acoustic field for stationary and nonstationary distributions of the electric field potential. The paper presents calculations of the dynamics of an electrically charged particle in a periodic electric field with different frequencies of electric field variation. It was found that when a particle is exposed to an alternating electric field that is in phase with the gas velocity field, the particle velocity increases, if the frequency of the alternating electric field is in antiphase with the gas velocity, then the particle velocity decreases. It is determined that if a stationary electric field acts on a particle, then the particle drifts to that part of the channel to which a potential is applied, the sign of which is opposite to the sign of the particle charge.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73605323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Certification and identification of possible threats to information security of software and firmware","authors":"E.G. Komarov, V. Lozovetsky, V. V. Lebedev, A.V. Archipenko","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-145-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2022-5-145-157","url":null,"abstract":"A number of methods, methods and tools are proposed for certification of software and firmware in information systems in order to select approaches and tools for working in non-standard situations in a constantly changing regulatory and methodological framework and possible threats to their information security. The type of certification under consideration is limited to methods and techniques for analyzing vulnerabilities and undeclared capabilities. This type of certification is intended for software research. Not all possible aspects related to this type of certification have been considered, however, the novelty and advantages of the approaches are based on some original approaches in cases where it is not clear how to present sets of input data for testing. Approaches to certification tests are presented using tools of our own design, which allows you to identify the main parameters necessary for assembling software and its research, and to parse software written in various programming languages. Based on the program of testing and verification of the object of assessment in accordance with the requirements of information security under a certain level of control, methods for conducting certification studies are proposed, the advantages of approaches using the available and proposed tools are shown. To save on the purchase of tools, some well-known, free and freely distributed tools, as well as effective and inexpensive software products, are proposed for use in tests.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88957093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}