Forestry Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Influence of ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo L.) on scots pine natural renewal in Barnaul ribbon pine forest","authors":"A. A. Malinovskikh","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-48-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-48-56","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo L.) on the natural regeneration of scots pine in the Barnaul ribbon forest in different types of forest growing conditions is considered. It was found that the ash-leaved maple forms a dense, closed undergrowth up to 10 m high in moist forest-growing conditions (A3), whereas in fresh forest-growing conditions (A2) it was noted only once. The closeness of the undergrowth of maple in the grass forest is 0,8…1,0 units, while the undergrowth with a predominance of local plant species (Siberian mountain ash, goat willow) in the grass forest has a closeness of no more than 0,5 units, in the fresh forest no higher than 0,2…0,4 units. The undergrowth of maple strongly obscures the components of the forest located under it: living ground cover and undergrowth. The shading of the living ground cover leads to its significant transformation, with a change in the floral composition and structure. Shading of the undergrowth leads to a complete absence of seedlings, self-seeding and the actual undergrowth of the common pine, interrupting the process of natural renewal. Using the obtained values of illumination under the canopy of the forest, it was found that in a grassy forest with a maple understory, the relative illumination is no more than 7,9 %, whereas in a grassy and fresh forest with an undergrowth of local species, 29,5…47,9 %. The density of pine undergrowth in a fresh forest with undergrowth of local species is 7,5…17,5 thousand units/ha, which is 3–7 times more than in a grass forest with undergrowth of local species. There is a close positive relationship between the relative illumination under the forest canopy and the density of undergrowth (r = 0,830). Ash-leaved maple acts as an aggressive undesirable breed, which limits the most important environmental factor — illumination, leading to the disappearance of pine undergrowth under the canopy of the forest.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81395268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industry current state in Sakhalin region and its development prospects","authors":"V. Sakhanov, S. Korotkov, A. Fitchin, L. Stonozhenko, A. D. Popova","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-5-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-5-17","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides an analysis of the dynamics of the Sakhalin Region’s timber industry indicators and the main factors influencing the indicators of forest management efficiency are presented. The main systemic problems that hinder the progressive development of the timber industry sector in the Sakhalin Region are revealed, including the low level of development of the estimated logging area, the lack of economical and transportable forest resources, the imperfect structure of production and export of forest products, the difficult financial situation of the industry's enterprises, and the insufficient staffing. The main performance indicators of the region's timber industry complex and the reasons for their constant decline are considered in dynamics. Recommendations on the dynamic development of the timber industry of the Sakhalin region are given.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86963116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewal of Pinus brutia var. pityusa (Steven) Silba in reserved territories of Mountain Crimea","authors":"V. Koba, A. Saltykov, N. Makarov, O. Korenkova","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-26-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-26-35","url":null,"abstract":"It has been established that undergrowth of Pinus brutia var. pityusa (Steven) Silba is unevenly distributed on the territory of the burnt areas, its density varies within 2,9…8,2 thousand units/ha, the maximum reaches 15 thousand units/ha. The landscape-coenotic zones of the dynamics of the processes of renewal of native P. pityusa forest stands have been identified. An increase in the number of undergrowth near groups and single plants, which were not eliminated during sanitary felling on burnt areas, was revealed. The possibility of growth and development of undergrowth in these areas was determined by the influence of the phytogenic field of surviving trees, which protect young plants of P. pityusa from negative environmental factors. It was determined that a relatively uniform decrease in the density of undergrowth is observed when moving from the wall of the parent stand at a distance that is a multiple of 2–3 values of its average height. The effect of a time gap in the chronology of the passage of forest fires on the age and spatial structure of P. pityusa undergrowth is presented. A general assessment of the specifics of the age structure made it possible to establish that the activation of natural regeneration and the formation of coenopopulations of P. pityusa undergrowth occur within 2–3 years after the fire. It has been established that anthropogenic interference in the natural processes of renewal of indigenous communities reduces the possibility of implementing biocenotic processes of maintaining the integrity and restoration of the forest community by species capable of sustainable existence under the prevailing conditions. A reduction in the biocenotic space of P. pityusa dominance, which determines the formation of stands of coppice origin, with a predominance of Quercus pubescens Willd. n-generation, which significantly reduces the productivity, sustainability and biological diversity of forest communities of the Cape Aya landscape reserve.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73241220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling forest clearing technology with multi-operator machine","authors":"S. Karpachev, M. A. Bykovskiy","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-81-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-81-90","url":null,"abstract":"A conceptual model of a forest multi-operator machine for clearing debris caused by tree mortality is presented. A technological process of sanitary forest clearing that minimizes manual labour with the help of a machine and a winch is considered, including the technology of litter removal with its processing into firewood in the forest. Two variants of multi-operating machine's work with a winch are given: sequential, when the machine processes the wood from the fell as it is received from the winch, and parallel, when the winch and machine work independently of each other. It is established that the productivity at debris removal at parallel operation of the machine and winch is higher by 7...14 % than at their consecutive operation. It is revealed that the productivity of a multi-operator machine when the machine and a winch work in parallel increases by 53...55 %. It is determined that the load of the machine, when working together with a winch, is less than 50 % of working time. It is recommended that the winch and the machine work together at close capacities, if the winch capacity is very different from the machine capacity, then they should work separately.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91050296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural features of forest phytocoenosis formed on rock plants after a fire","authors":"A. V. Gryazkin, O. Gavrilova, Tong Cheng, E. I. Semenova","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-18-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-18-25","url":null,"abstract":"It has been established that, depending on the forest-forming species and growing conditions, the restoration of the forest ecosystem in the burnt area is extended for a long period. A feature of the formation of a full-fledged forest phytocenosis after the forest fire is the delayed accumulation of organic matter. This is also connected with the time-delayed development of all components of the forest. Under these conditions, 15 years after the fire, young trees with a predominance of pine and birch were formed on the site of the burnt pine forest. The undergrowth of aspen, spruce and gray alder is represented by single individuals. The total amount of undergrowth of natural origin reaches 4.5 thousand trees /ha. The undergrowth with a height of more than 2 m prevails. The undergrowth includes five types of shrub species such as mountain ash, willow, juniper, honeysuckle and juneberry. The total number of understory species is 350 trees/ha. More than 21 plant species have been identified as part of the living ground cover. The occurrence of lichens, heather, polytrichum juniperus, hairy ojica, willow-tea and meandering meadow grass is more than 50 %. Lichens, heather, lingonberry and polytrichum juniperus predominate in the protective coating. The composition of the herbage is polytrichum juniperus — 32 %, lichens — 23 %, heather — 22 %, lingonberries — 15 %, others — 8 %. The purpose of the research is to identify the features of the forest ecosystem regeneration after the forest fire after the burnt lichen pine. The object of research was a 15-year-old young forest after the forest fire in the territory of the Prionezhsky forestry of the Republic of Karelia.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72554867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of RB-55 chopping complex production inspection","authors":"S. Bulatov, V. Nechaev, A. G. Sergeev","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-57-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-57-68","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed description of the design and principle of the RB-55 chopping complex operation, developed at a Nizhny Novgorod company and designed for grinding wood materials, is presented. Predictive dependences in the form of a third-degree polynomial for calculating the grinding power consumption are obtained, the maximum throughput of the chopping complex is predicted when chopping pine slabwood with a humidity of 23...30 % — 9 m3/h. The maximum throughput capacity of the RB-55set for grinding round wood (spruce) with a humidity of 47,8% is 23 m3/h, and the total power consumption of electric motors is 68,23 kW. It is established that the resulting chips correspond to the brand of PS intended for the chipboard manufacture.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73668876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary nonlinear chemistry of self-organizing mesophase (liquid crystal) structures of wood: from morphogenesis to regulation of carbon formation (review)","authors":"O. Gradov","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-91-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-91-127","url":null,"abstract":"This work reconstructs the transformation stages of the mesophase (liquid crystal) wood components from their native state to the processes of coke and coal formation. The phytochemical precursors of mesophases (from lignin and polysaccharides, such as cellulose, to lipids) differing in their cell localization are considered separately. Several criteria are listed by which the similarity between the processes of mesophase formation based on the plant raw materials during carbon formation and self-organization in such systems (including the processes proceeding under the thermal pumping) is observed. The role of membrane and membrane-mimetic interfaces in regulation of the above processes is indicated. The applicability of biogeochemical redox criteria (anaerobic, subaerial, aerobic modes) in the analysis of mesophase diagenesis is considered. It is postulated that, due to the specific regulation/feedback, the above factors can lead to the spatial heterogeneity during coal formation, «autocatalytic» effects and the emergence of redox oscillations, accompanied by the localized changes in the properties of mesophases - from those supporting combustion to practically fire retardant. Based on the dependence of the main properties of the corresponding products on the processes of their production and / or formation, as well as their (geo) chemical environment (which is characteristic of supramolecular and colloidal chemistry), it is possible to formulate supramolecular and colloidal chemical approaches to the interpretation of a number of phenomena and mechanisms of the biogenic fossil mesophase formation, which requires consideration in a separate review paper.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73274884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling operation of forest harvester in AnyLogic simulation system","authors":"K. Rukomoynikov, T.V. Sergeeva, T. Gilyazova, E. Tsarev, P. Anisimov","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-69-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-69-80","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to create a computer model that allows to reproduce the technological process of logging, taking into account a huge number of various conditions that can affect the final result of the enterprise, to obtain the data necessary for making effective managerial and organizational decisions on labor standardization and the preparation of regulatory documentation. To do this, using the agent-based modeling method, a simulation model of the production process was created in the AnyLogic program. The functioning of the proposed model is carried out on the basis of significant statistical data on the most important characteristics of individual elements of the production process. The article demonstrates the possibilities of modeling technological schemes of work at the cutting site at the design stage of the technological map without the need for real felling of forest plantations. The diagram of the conditions of the harvester’s work is presented, embedded in the simulation model created by the authors, which allows the researcher to conduct a step-by-step analysis of the work of the logging machine. An information-logical detailing of all blocks of the harvester work state diagram is shown, which allows understanding the principle of analysis when clearing the site for a new working position, analyzing the availability of trees in apiaries, processing of tree trunks, taking into account all movements and organizational and technical downtime in the process of developing forest cuttings. The reader is presented with a graphical demonstration of the choice of trees available for felling, as well as an analysis of the situation for moving to a new working position of the harvester. The sequence of data entry into the model and the principles of fixing the scientific results obtained on the basis of modeling are outlined. The created simulation model will allow forest users to compare the options for the technological schemes of the harvester's movement along the forest cutting with the choice of the best organizational and management solutions; creation of labor standards and production standards for the development of forest cuttings in any natural and production conditions for any model of the harvester used, depending on the type of felling and the species and quality characteristics of the felled trees.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91344943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impulse drying of african teak, merbau and wenge wood blanks in a convection drying chamber","authors":"D. Deyanov, A. A. Kosarin, S. A. Moiseev, G. N. Kuryshov","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-143-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-143-149","url":null,"abstract":"A review of literature sources on the physical and mechanical properties of iroko, merbau and wenge wood is given. The places of growth of these breeds are indicated. The description of the varieties of properties of the rocks under consideration, depending on the distribution area, is presented. A review of literature sources on the modes and parameters of drying of iroko, merbau and wenge wood blanks is presented. The drying modes of iroko, merbau and wenge wood blanks are considered, the parameters of which depend on the current moisture content of the wood and the principles of constructing pulse drying modes. The modes of pulse drying of iroko wood blanks with a thickness of 25 mm, merbau with a thickness of 25 mm and wenge with a thickness of 45 mm are determined. It is shown that the use of pulsed drying modes of workpieces can reduce electricity consumption and improve product quality.","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87416229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood as chemical raw material. History and modernity. V. Wood pulp as natural polymer raw material. Part I","authors":"G. N. Kononov, A. Verevkin, Yu.V. Serdyukova, D.D. Khvalko","doi":"10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-128-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-3-128-142","url":null,"abstract":"The history of chemical processing development of the improved technical wood cellulose for the receiving of the additive derivatives, complex and simple ethers on their basis are considered. The historical transformation of technologies for the production of plant parchment, fiber, copper-ammonia fiber, synthesis of cellulose nitrates, xanthogenates and acetates, as well as methods for processing these derivatives into target products and materials is described in detail. The historical description of the preparation and prospects for the use of cellulose esters and modification of cellulose fiber hydrate is given. This article is the fifth in the cycle «Wood as a chemical raw material. History and modernity»; the previous parts were published in the journal Lesnoy vestnik / Forestry Bulletin (2020, v. 24, no 1, № 5; 2021, v. 25 no. 3; 2022, v. 26 no. 1).","PeriodicalId":12343,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Bulletin","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88400867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}