克里米亚山区保留区黑松的更新

V. Koba, A. Saltykov, N. Makarov, O. Korenkova
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摘要

结果表明,松林林下植被在毁林区分布不均匀,密度在2、9、8、2千单位/ha之间变化,最高可达1.5万单位/ha。确定了原生松林分更新动态的景观群落带。调查发现,在焚烧地区进行卫生砍伐时未消除的成组和单株植物附近的灌木丛数量有所增加。这些地区林下植物生长发育的可能性是由幸存树木的植物生长场的影响决定的,这保护了pityusa幼树免受负面环境因素的影响。结果表明,当从母株林壁移动到其平均高度2-3倍的距离时,观察到林下植物密度相对均匀地下降。研究了森林火灾年代学中存在的时间差对松叶松林下生长年龄和空间结构的影响。通过对年龄结构特征的总体评估,可以确定在火灾发生后的2-3年内,油松林下植被的自然更新和种群的形成发生了激活。已经确定的是,对土著社区更新的自然过程的人为干扰减少了能够在现行条件下持续存在的物种执行维持森林群落完整性和恢复森林群落的生物新生过程的可能性。松皮栎优势的生物群落空间缩小,这决定了矮林源林分的形成,而短毛栎占优势。这大大降低了亚亚角景观保护区森林群落的生产力、可持续性和生物多样性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Renewal of Pinus brutia var. pityusa (Steven) Silba in reserved territories of Mountain Crimea
It has been established that undergrowth of Pinus brutia var. pityusa (Steven) Silba is unevenly distributed on the territory of the burnt areas, its density varies within 2,9…8,2 thousand units/ha, the maximum reaches 15 thousand units/ha. The landscape-coenotic zones of the dynamics of the processes of renewal of native P. pityusa forest stands have been identified. An increase in the number of undergrowth near groups and single plants, which were not eliminated during sanitary felling on burnt areas, was revealed. The possibility of growth and development of undergrowth in these areas was determined by the influence of the phytogenic field of surviving trees, which protect young plants of P. pityusa from negative environmental factors. It was determined that a relatively uniform decrease in the density of undergrowth is observed when moving from the wall of the parent stand at a distance that is a multiple of 2–3 values of its average height. The effect of a time gap in the chronology of the passage of forest fires on the age and spatial structure of P. pityusa undergrowth is presented. A general assessment of the specifics of the age structure made it possible to establish that the activation of natural regeneration and the formation of coenopopulations of P. pityusa undergrowth occur within 2–3 years after the fire. It has been established that anthropogenic interference in the natural processes of renewal of indigenous communities reduces the possibility of implementing biocenotic processes of maintaining the integrity and restoration of the forest community by species capable of sustainable existence under the prevailing conditions. A reduction in the biocenotic space of P. pityusa dominance, which determines the formation of stands of coppice origin, with a predominance of Quercus pubescens Willd. n-generation, which significantly reduces the productivity, sustainability and biological diversity of forest communities of the Cape Aya landscape reserve.
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