Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии最新文献

{"title":"URBAN PLANNING EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITIES","authors":"N. Danilina","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-36-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-36-43","url":null,"abstract":"Modern urban planning educational trend defines the sustainable development of smart cities as one of the most dynamic areas of city policies around the world. A smart city is a high-tech urban living environment in which innovative solutions are embedded in its constituent elements and processes to improve its quality and living standards. The concept of a smart city is aimed at sustainable development of urban areas and offers technology as a tool for solving problems in the field of planning, design, integrated engineering landscaping, as well as in the provision of urban services to the population. The article discusses the contents of the smart city concept, which reflects the main directions of the curriculum of the master's program «Sustainable Smart City». Its main purpose is to prepare urban planners who have professional competencies in the development of smart cities in the implementation of urban processes.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114946731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESTIMATION OF RECREATIONAL LOAD OF ORYOL CITY URBAN PARK «KUL'TURY I OTDYKHA»","authors":"M. Slepnev, Evgeniya Filyakova","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-101-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-101-110","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the impact of recreational load on the natural-anthropogenic region — Central park «Kul'tury I Otdykha» in the city of Oryol. To ensure the sustainable development of natural areas, the ability of components of the environment to heal itself in the conditions of anthropogenic impact is of particu-lar importance. Most of the anthropogenic load in a large city is the recreational load, which significantly affects the natural frame of urban areas. Recreational load causes a significant degradation of the natural complex of the city, and its value is determined by the planning structure of urban development, which deter-mines the distribution of population density and transport accessibility of recreation facilities. Calculated data revealed the recreational load from the planning structure of the residential area located within walking distance from the coastal recreational zone. Ensuring the safety of urban parks, it is necessary to work with complete and reliable information that can only be obtained through regular monitoring studies. The spatial organization of coastal recreational zones should meet the objectives of maintaining and improving the eco-logical balance of recreational areas, as well as the formation of a comfortable architectural and planning structure of recreational zones and the selection of the most significant recreational formations based on the ecological and recreational capabilities of natural areas and the needs of the population. In this regard, it is necessary to develop functional zoning of natural-anthropogenic regions to regulate the level of recreational impact, and ensure the sustainability of ecological systems of the city. To monitor the level of anthropogenic impacts, the definition is used — the ecological capacity, which is determined by the limiting values of an-thropogenic loads determined on the basis of field observations.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122068267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHODS OF ASSESSMENT THE LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECT DUE TO THE USING OF LOW-SPEED INDIVIDUAL VEHICLES, BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOWN OF SERPUKHOV","authors":"Olga Leptiukhova, M. Utkina","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-81-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-81-90","url":null,"abstract":"For more than half a century bicycle transport demonstrates its effectiveness as one of the elements of the transport network of the city. Currently, vehicles with low-power motors such as electric bicycle, electric scooter, gyrometer, segway, wheelbarrow, scooter motor and others are gaining people's attention. These vehicles can be combined into a group of low-speed individual vehicles (hereinafter - NITS) with similar re-quirements for the operational parameters of urban infrastructure. From the urban point of view, the interest in NITC is that the number of its users has increased significantly in recent years. The article presents the results of a sociological survey of residents of Serpukhov, allowing to assess the current and potential readi-ness of the population to use NITC. The growing popularity of NITC has led to an increase in the environmen-tal and economic effect, which is manifested at a particular level of development of the movement on NITC. The ecological and economic effect of the use of NITC has an extremely positive impact on the improvement of the urban environment. This article provides a list of indicators that reflect the growth in the standards of living of society from movement by the NITC, and the calculation of one of them - the increase in entrepre-neurial activity on the streets with increased traffic to the NITC. Indicators are necessary for calculation of complex criterion of efficiency and safety of street network due to development of the movement by NITC. The result will allow public authorities authorized to make decisions on the strategy of transport policy of cities to quantify the ratio of economic benefits from the development of infrastructure of the NITC with the cost of its construction and operation.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124755110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«PRESERVATION» AND «ENSURING PRESERVATION» IN THE DESIGN OF IMPROVEMENT AND GREENING OF CENTERS OF HISTORICAL CITIES","authors":"E. Belyaeva","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-54-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-54-70","url":null,"abstract":"The urgency of the problem of comprehensive improvement and greening of the centers of historic cities has increased with the «May» decrees of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin in 2018. Howev-er, the scientific foundations, methodology and design methodology of improvement does not take into ac-count the peculiarities of historical cities, the need to preserve architectural monuments, landscape and gar-den-garden art, valuable urban planning and natural environment. Evaluation of projects implemented in 2010-2018, own design experience in the historical territories of Moscow confirmed that many of the pro-ject’s shortcomings are due to the lack of special regulatory and methodological documents for design.\u0000The current GOST regulates the composition and content of works for the preservation and facilitation of the modern use of cultural heritage sites that are works of landscape and landscape art. For ordinary ob-jects of improvement in the centers of historical cities located in protective and protective zones, in the united protective zones, a design technique is necessary taking into account the status and features of such territo-ries according to the current legislation.\u0000According to the experience of designing in Moscow, most of the projects of comprehensive landscaping are areas that do not have the status of cultural heritage sites, and ordinary public spaces, landscaped and near-house areas of 0.5–2.5 hectares, located within the boundaries of protected, protected areas, including the united security zone of the historical part of Moscow established within the boundaries of the Kamer-Kollezhsky Val. Often, small parks, squares, boulevards in various functional areas, small public spaces ad-jacent to subway exits are being developed.\u0000For a comprehensive improvement and greening of the city center of historic cities, a systematic ap-proach is important – not only the preservation of cultural heritage sites, valuable urban planning, land-scape and natural environment based on the status and mode of use of territories established in accordance with Federal Law No. 73-FZ «Heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation». Within the boundaries of cultural heritage sites, there should be a «conservation» mode, in pro-tected areas and in protected zones, a «security preservation» regime of cultural heritage sites.\u0000The prospects for the use of integrated improvement and landscaping as a special type of urban plan-ning activity and means providing a socially and environmentally oriented solution of the issues of regenera-tion of the centers of historic cities are considered.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124412166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH METHODS OF URBAN SOIL TEMPERATURE DYNAMICS","authors":"O. Pilipenko, A. Abramov, E. Skobeleva, O. Pchelenok","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-91-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-91-100","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows that the temperature of urban soils is one of the main indicators of their condition. The average value and the nature of the temperature distribution in the soil volume determine the processes of heat transfer between the soil and the air in the urbanized area. This ultimately characterizes the influence of urban soils on the processes of climate formation in urban areas.\u0000The analysis of modern methods for studying the temperature dynamics of urban soils is carried out. It was found that research is rational to carry out by combining theoretical and experimental methods. The dis-tribution of temperature fields and heat flux density fields in urban soils under various conditions is deter-mined by mathematical, in particular, numerical methods. Coefficients of thermophysical properties of the soil, as well as verification of some calculated results, are carried out by experimental methods. An analysis of existing experimental research methods revealed a key drawback: a small number of points for simultane-ous temperature measurement in the urban soils volume. A scheme is proposed, as well as a prototype of a means of automated control of the distribution of the temperature field, which allows us to study the tempera-ture dynamics at various depths of the soil profile.\u0000To test the means of automated control, comparative studies of the dynamics of the temperature field in the volume of urban soil represented by gray forest soil were carried out. An experimental temperature dis-tribution was obtained over several days; a statistical verification of the results was carried out. Theoretical calculations of the dynamics of the temperature field by the numerical model J.A. Infante Sedano It is estab-lished that the discrepancies between the theoretically predicted and the experimentally estimated tempera-ture field are insignificant, which allows us to use the developed tool for automated control of the tempera-ture field distribution in the soil to assess its actual state when solving numerous fundamental and applied problems.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134629156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WASTE RECYCLING ENERGY AND NON-FERROUS METALS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC BRICKS CONTRIBUTES TO THE ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF THE BIOSPHERE","authors":"Abdrakhimov","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-71-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-71-80","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental security is currently one of the main components of the national security of the Russian Federation and includes not only control over the state of the environment, but also the implementation of measures to prevent the occurrence of environmental crises and disasters. The reduction of reserves of tradi-tional natural raw materials makes us look for new ways to replace it with different types of waste. The expe-rience of advanced foreign countries has shown the technical feasibility of this area and the use of more as a tool to protect the environment from pollution. However, almost all basic building materials can be made from waste or from waste in combination with natural raw materials. Due to the involvement of multi-tonnage waste in the production of ceramic materials of mass consumption, which include ceramic bricks, it is possi-ble to radically change the parameters of the raw material base of Russia, which also helps to reduce envi-ronmental tensions in the regions. Production of ceramic bricks  one of the most material-intensive sectors of the economy, so the rational use of fuel, raw materials and other material resources is a decisive factor in its successful development in the context of economic reform. In this regard, the use of waste in ceramic mate-rials is of particular relevance.\u0000On the basis of beidellite clay, waste: energy ─ ash and slag material and non-ferrous metallurgy ─ sludge Nickel-skeletal catalyst obtained ceramic brick with high physical and mechanical properties. Innova-tive proposals for the use of waste from the production of mineral wool in the production of wall materials – ceramic bricks based on fusible clay, the novelty of which is confirmed by a patent of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123385008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOWARDS TO THE QUESTION OF SEARCHING A BALANCED COEXISTENCE OF NATURAL AND URBANIZED TERRITORIES","authors":"Shubenkov, Shubenkova","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-3-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-3-16","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of modern urbanization of settlement areas associated with the deterioration of the ecologi-cal state of the human environment and the degradation of the natural environment are considered. Analyzes the most popular strategies of urbanization in modern socio-economic conditions. The article discusses the need to clarify the subject and object of modern urban development and their relationship with the issues of maintaining the development of natural habitats spreads. A comparison of the basic requirements for the development of nat-ural and urban areas. The most popular concepts of solving the problems of interaction between natural and developed territories are analyzed. The concept of the description of States of interaction of separate territorial zones responsible for the main environmental characteristics of natural and urban environments is offered.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126082352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GARDEN ARRANGEMENT IN COUNTRY HOUSES OF KURSK REGION\u0000Рart III. FEATURES GARDENS AND PARKS IN MEDIUM-SIZED AND SMALL ESTATES IN THE LATE XVIII – FIRST HALF XIX CENTURIES","authors":"E. Kholodova","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-17-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-17-35","url":null,"abstract":"The study is based on the identified archival and printed sources, full-scale studies of the author, which al-low more reasonably to reconstruct the figurative and material structure of the lost noble and merchant estates in the field of the origin of gardening and Park building in the Russian region. \u0000The scientific novelty of the research is associated with the author's expeditions to identify signs of the ex-istence of manor objects – landscapes and parks, full-scale inspection of a number of preserved manor complex-es, which previously did not attract the attention of researchers.. Of particular importance is the identification of archival and printed sources that allow more reasonably reconstruct the figurative and material structure of the lost elements of noble and merchant estates.\u0000The contribution to the modern knowledge is the systematized information about different types of manage-ment, their influence on the spatial structure of the estate and its natural environment, as well as the features of garden and Park techniques that existed in the studied period of the history of the Kursk region.\u0000The study was carried out at the expense of the State program of the Russian Federation \"Development of science and technology\" for 2013-2020 in the framework of the Plan of fundamental research of the Ministry of construction of Russia and RAASN, topic 1.2.2.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123399078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PIOPLE. INFORMATION. DEGRADATION","authors":"A. Varlamov, V. Rimshin","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-44-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-44-53","url":null,"abstract":"Considered the issues of interaction between man and nature. Noted that this interaction is fundamental in the existence of modern civilization. The question of possible impact on nature and society with the aim of preserving the existence of human civilization. It is shown that the study of this issue goes towards the crea-tion of models of interaction between nature and man. Determining when building models is information about the interaction of man and nature. Considered information theory from the viewpoint of interaction between nature and man. Noted that currently information theory developed mainly as a mathematical theory. The issues of interaction of man and nature, the availability and existence of information in the material sys-tem is not studied. Indicates the link information with the energy terms control large flows of energy. For con-sideration of the interaction of man and nature proposed to use the theory of degradation. Graphs are pre-sented of the information in the history of human development. Reviewed charts of population growth. As a prediction it is proposed to use the simplest based on the theory of degradation. Consideration of the behav-ior of these dependencies led to the conclusion about the existence of communication energy and information as a feature of the degradation of energy. It justifies the existence of border life ( including humanity) at the point with maximum information. Shows the relationship of energy and time using potential energy.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128302657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODERN ASPECTS OF SETTING OF NORMS OF NEGATIVE IMPACT \u0000ON THE ENVIRONMENT","authors":"O. Astafieva, Susanna Deryagina","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-26-2-3-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-26-2-3-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article substantiates the need to improve the state regulation of the environment in the Russian Fed-eration. The goals, objectives and main innovations of the perspective mechanism of regulation – the system of technological setting of norms of negative impact on the environment (NIE) on the basis of the best availa-ble technologies (BAT) are defined. It is shown that in accordance with the basic principle of modern man-agement systems - the principle of consistent improvement, there is a need for continuous monitoring of new technological and technical developments, first of all Russian. It's given a brief socio-economic and environ-mental assessment of the situation in the Ural Federal district (UrFD), on the territory of which there are al-most 24 percent of the objects of economic activity, exerting significant NIE (objects I category) and related to the fields of application of BAT. Marked by the activity of economic entities of the UrFD, as in the develop-ment of information and technical reference book (ITRB) on the BAT and in the testing of new ecological leg-islation. It was defined that more than 50 percent of the NIE facilities, which will primarily begin to introduce a new system of regulation in the district, are oil and gas production facilities that are part of companies whose environmental policy already includes the use of BAT for consistently reducing of the negative impact on the environment and environmental risks. It is accented attention on the difficultie of transition to auto-mated accounting of emissions into the atmosphere, which is a prerequisite for obtaining an integrated envi-ronmental permit (IEP). Analysis of the available information on the content of the Federal project “Intro-duction of the best available technologies” allowed to formulate the positive aspects and disadvantages of the proposed for realisation of project.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126296295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}