Allergy最新文献

{"title":"Allergological Work-Up in Cephalosporin Allergy Diagnosis and Delabelling: The Experience From Two European Allergy Centres","authors":"María Salas,&nbsp;Alessandro Ghilarducci,&nbsp;Inmaculada Doña,&nbsp;Michele Schiappoli,&nbsp;Marina Labella,&nbsp;Annarita Dama,&nbsp;Elisa Olivieri,&nbsp;María José Torres,&nbsp;Patrizia Bonadonna","doi":"10.1111/all.70120","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diagnostic strategies for cephalosporin allergy are not well defined due to differences in inclusion criteria among studies and a lack of standardised diagnostic tests. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of patients with a suspicion of cephalosporin allergy and to analyse the role of in vivo tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with suspected cephalosporin allergy were prospectively evaluated (2019–2023). Diagnosis was achieved using clinical history, skin tests (STs) and, if negative, drug provocation tests (DPTs). A randomised group of patients who tolerated DPT were retested by STs at 2–8 weeks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>211 patients were evaluated, with 55.4% reporting IRs and 44.5% NIRs. Skin was involved in half of the patients reporting IRs and in all reporting NIRs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Anaphylaxis was experienced by 18% and shock by 7.1%. The cephalosporin most commonly involved was cefuroxime (63.6%) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) in the Spanish cohort and cefazolin (51%) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) in the Italian one. Allergy was confirmed in 57.2% of patients reporting IRs (47% by STs and 9.4% by DPT) and 14.9% of NIRs (5.3% by STs and 8.5% by DPT). In the positive-ST group, the percentage of grade II and III reactions was higher (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and the interval reaction-study shorter (<i>p</i> = 0.0007) than in negative-ST. Of the 48 patients retested, 1 (2.9%) who reported an IR and 1 (7.1%) who reported NIR resulted positive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The patterns of cephalosporin allergy may differ across different regions, being STs and DPT useful for diagnosis. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of retesting, as well as to identify which patients would benefit most from this procedure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 4","pages":"1205-1218"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Induction of Confirmed Eosinophilic Esophagitis as a Side Effect of Allergen Immunotherapy: An EAACI Task Force Report","authors":"Carlo Maria Rossi,&nbsp;Ingrid Terreehorst,&nbsp;Evaggelia Apostolidou,&nbsp;Martina Votto,&nbsp;Arzu Bakirtas,&nbsp;Antonella Cianferroni,&nbsp;George N. Konstantinou,&nbsp;Katerina Pantavou,&nbsp;Dario Antolin-Amerigo,&nbsp;Enrico Heffler,&nbsp;Alberto Alvarez-Perea,&nbsp;Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas,&nbsp;Georgios K. Nikolopoulos,&nbsp;Oliver Pfaar,&nbsp;Constantinos Pitsios","doi":"10.1111/all.70183","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) established a Task Force to assess the existing data on the relationship between eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and allergen immunotherapy (AIT). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to study the incidence of confirmed EoE, developing as a side effect of AIT to food or airborne allergens, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The literature search was performed in three databases (PubMed, Embase and Scopus). Databases were searched from inception to March 31st, 2023. A total of 17 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Fifteen studies, comprising 3,302 patients, were on food desensitization, and the overall estimate of EoE incidence, combining the results of these individual studies, was 2.31% (95% CI 1.45, 3.36). Registered data reported <i>de novo</i> cases of eosinophilic esophagitis, and its diagnosis was usually made during the maintenance phase of food desensitization. With the adopted searching strategy, only two studies on sublingual immunotherapy with aeroallergens meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved, comprising 1,436 patients and not reporting cases of EoE. The meta-analysis showed that the development of EoE is a common adverse effect of oral immunotherapy with food allergens, whereas it is uncommon during sublingual immunotherapy with aeroallergens.</p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> PROSPERO: CRD42023425917</p>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 4","pages":"1024-1038"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EAACI-UEMS Knowledge Examination: Certifying Standards in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Across Europe","authors":"Knut Brockow,&nbsp;Ileana M. Ghiordanescu,&nbsp;Chiara Tontini,&nbsp;Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier,&nbsp;Werner J. Pichler,&nbsp;Roy Gerth van Wijk,&nbsp;Carsten Schmidt-Weber,&nbsp;Pascal Demoly,&nbsp;Stefano del Giacco,&nbsp;Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa,&nbsp;Tomas Chivato,&nbsp;Darío Antolín Amérigo,&nbsp;Norbert Mülleneisen","doi":"10.1111/all.70213","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70213","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In an era of increasingly specialized and globally connected healthcare, ensuring consistent excellence in medical practice is paramount. For the field of allergy and clinical immunology, the EAACI-UEMS Knowledge Examination (EUKE) stands as a cornerstone of this commitment, offering a high-level certification designed to assess specialist-level knowledge across Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jointly organized by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and the Union of European Medical Specialists (UEMS), the EUKE consists of a single-session, high-stakes 120-question test assessing candidates’ essential factual knowledge and clinical critical judgment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A successful candidate is a “safe pair of hands,” demonstrating competence and readiness for unsupervised specialist practice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First established in 2008, the EUKE remains the first and only European exam in the field of allergy and clinical immunology, and follows the legacy of other medical European specialist assessments [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Since 2021, EUKE has embraced a fully online format. This transition has significantly enhanced accessibility and reach to a diverse international candidate pool (Figure 1A,B). This includes trainees completing their specialist education in allergy and/or clinical immunology, experienced allergists and professionals from related clinical and basic research backgrounds, particularly those involved in allergy/immunology laboratory diagnostics. Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are included in 88.1% of written exams listed on the UEMS site [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. They may be used alone or in combination with other theoretical and practical assessment formats. In its current format, the EUKE single-part, MCQ written examination aligns with 28.6% of UEMS-listed specialty exams, predominantly medical specialties (additional information on other European Specialty Examinations provided in Table 1). The EUKE also aligns in scope and quality to the American Board of Allergy and Immunology exam [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;], which offers a nationally recognized, two-part, computer-based examination, comprised of 225 MCQs covering basic immunology and clinical allergology. Of the 120 EUKE questions, between 60% and 70% address allergic diseases, 20% cover basic and clinical immunology, and 10% to 20% focus on additional knowledge such as allergy diagnosis. Looking ahead, adding a practical component (e.g., viva, practical exam) to the existing MCQ format could support wider adoption of the EUKE as official examination at the national level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While the EUKE is currently officially recognized only in Switzerland, its influence and recognition are expanding. This progress aligns with broader efforts by EAACI and the National Allergy Immunology Society Committee to secure full, formal recognition of Allergology as an independent medical specialty. As 19 of the 28 EU member states now formally recognize Allergology as an independent medical specialty (Figure 1C) [&lt;span&gt;","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 4","pages":"947-953"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Year Follow-Up of the PACI Randomized Controlled Trial (PACI-ON): Effects of Early Intervention for Atopic Dermatitis on Atopic March","authors":"Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada,&nbsp;Mayako Saito-Abe,&nbsp;Miori Sato,&nbsp;Fumi Ishikawa,&nbsp;Kenji Toyokuni,&nbsp;Yusuke Inuzuka,&nbsp;Tomoki Yaguchi,&nbsp;Hisako Ogasawara,&nbsp;Mami Shimada,&nbsp;Shigenori Kabashima,&nbsp;Katsuhito Iikura,&nbsp;Kunihiko Tsuchiya,&nbsp;Mariko Morimoto,&nbsp;Risa Tamagawa-Mineoka,&nbsp;Koji Masuda,&nbsp;Hajime Hosoi,&nbsp;Norito Katoh,&nbsp;Makoto Kameda,&nbsp;Yuri Takaoka,&nbsp;Amane Shigekawa,&nbsp;Yutaka Takemura,&nbsp;Alexandre Xu,&nbsp;Sakura Sato,&nbsp;Motohiro Ebisawa,&nbsp;Takaaki Itonaga,&nbsp;Shunji Hasegawa,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Wakiguchi,&nbsp;Takao Fujisawa,&nbsp;Rei Kanai,&nbsp;Fumiya Yamaide,&nbsp;Taiji Nakano,&nbsp;Osamu Natsume,&nbsp;Ryuhei Yasuoka,&nbsp;Yasuto Kondo,&nbsp;Yuji Mori,&nbsp;Takahiro Kawaguchi,&nbsp;Masaki Futamura,&nbsp;Kazumitsu Sugiura,&nbsp;Hiroshi Kitazawa,&nbsp;Yuko Hamahata,&nbsp;Masashi Akiyama,&nbsp;Michihiro Kono,&nbsp;Kyongsun Pak,&nbsp;Tatsuki Fukuie,&nbsp;Tohru Kobayashi,&nbsp;Hirohisa Saito,&nbsp;Hywel C. Williams,&nbsp;Yukihiro Ohya","doi":"10.1111/all.70262","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70262","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Prevention of Allergy via Cutaneous Intervention (PACI) randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated that early enhanced topical corticosteroid (TCS) therapy modestly reduced food allergy (FA) at 28 weeks of age. The present prospective follow-up study (PACI-ON) evaluated whether these effects persisted to age 3 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were randomized in infancy to early enhanced (proactive) or early conventional (reactive) TCS treatment (1:1) for atopic dermatitis (AD) until 28 weeks. A total of 590 (91%) children who completed the PACI RCT were followed to age 3 years. During follow-up, no protocolized interventions were given; all participants received usual care. Main outcomes included physician-diagnosed FA, AD severity (EASI, POEM), sensitization profiles, allergic comorbidities, and growth parameters as safety outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At age 3 years, the prevalence of any FA remained lower in the early enhanced group than in the conventional group (47.4% vs. 58.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.006), mainly driven by a reduced prevalence of raw egg allergy (30.4% vs. 40.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.013). No between-group differences were observed for wheeze, asthma, or rhinitis. Japanese cedar sensitization at age 2 was lower in the enhanced group (6.1% vs. 12.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.02 6) but not at age 3. AD control and quality of life were well maintained and similar across groups, with &gt; 90% achieving mild or less disease. Early growth suppression at 1 year resolved by age 3.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early enhanced AD intervention was associated with a sustained modest reduction in its planned primary follow-up outcome of FA and safety (growth) up to age 3. Although most differences were small and may reflect early diagnosis and good overall management in both groups, the findings support early AD treatment as a potential strategy to modify allergic disease trajectories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 4","pages":"1149-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Sleep Duration With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in South Korea: A Nationwide Representative Study.","authors":"Min Seong Kim, Kyeongeun Kim, Seungjae Byun, Yesol Yim, Christa J Nehs, Damiano Pizzol, Tae Kim, Dong Keon Yon, Jiseung Kang","doi":"10.1111/all.70257","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":" ","pages":"1306-1309"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146163103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effect of Allergen Immunotherapy in Responder Local Allergic Rhinitis Patients: Symptom Control, and Prevention of Asthma and Allergic Sensitizations","authors":"Almudena Testera-Montes,&nbsp;Laura Zubiaga-Fernandez,&nbsp;Carlos J. Aranda,&nbsp;Irene Garcia-Esteban,&nbsp;Trinidad Ilda Gaitan-Nievas,&nbsp;Dulce Sanchez-Torralvo,&nbsp;Cristobalina Mayorga,&nbsp;Maria J. Torres,&nbsp;Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia,&nbsp;Carmen Rondon","doi":"10.1111/all.70153","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical trials (CTs) have shown that allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is effective for local allergic rhinitis (LAR) while treatment is ongoing. However, its long-term effects remain unknown. This study investigates the long-term clinical and preventive effect of AIT in responder LAR patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LAR patients obtaining a clinical benefit from 1-year CT of subcutaneous AIT were enrolled in this 10-year follow-up study (AIT cohort). All completed a full 3-year AIT course and were followed for additional 7 years. A matched group of LAR patients who did not receive AIT (non-AIT cohort) was followed over the same period. Primary outcomes included nasal-ocular symptom scores (visual analogue scale, VAS), reliever medication use and medication-free days (MFD). Secondary outcomes were asthma incidence, asthma control (asthma control test, ACT), lung function (FEV₁), quality of life (QoL), emergency visits, new sensitizations detected by nasal allergen challenge (NAC), and the analysis of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Assessments were conducted at baseline and at years 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-six patients were included (AIT <i>n</i> = 32; non-AIT <i>n</i> = 34). The AIT cohort showed a sustained reduction in nasal-ocular symptoms from year 1 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and significantly more MFD from year 3 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Asthma developed in 40.7% of non-AIT vs. 8.0% of AIT patients (<i>p</i> = 0.021). New sensitizations occurred in 38.2% of non-AIT and 6.3% of AIT patients (<i>p</i> = 0.002). FEV₁ improved in the AIT cohort and declined in non-AIT (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). QoL and emergency visits also favored AIT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AIT induces a sustained clinical improvement and prevents the onset of asthma and local sensitizations in responder LAR patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 4","pages":"1124-1137"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basophil Activation Test as Biomarker of Severity and Threshold of Allergic Reactions to Cow's Milk During Oral Food Challenges","authors":"Holly Boyd,&nbsp;Irene Bartha,&nbsp;Ru-Xin Foong,&nbsp;Marta Krawiec,&nbsp;Andreina Marques-Mejias,&nbsp;Hannah F. Marshall,&nbsp;Suzana Radulovic,&nbsp;Faye Harrison,&nbsp;Grammatiki Antoneria,&nbsp;Zainab Jama,&nbsp;Matthew Kwok,&nbsp;Ewa Pietraszewicz,&nbsp;Malak Eghleilib,&nbsp;Cristian Ricci,&nbsp;Tom Marrs,&nbsp;Gideon Lack,&nbsp;George Du Toit,&nbsp;Alexandra F. Santos","doi":"10.1111/all.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cow's milk allergy is the most common food allergy worldwide and the top cause of food anaphylaxis fatalities. Identifying patients at higher risk of severe symptoms as well as patients with a lower threshold of reactivity would improve their management. We aimed to assess the utility of putative biomarkers to identify these high-risk patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The severity of allergic reactions to baked milk (BM) and to fresh milk (FM) during oral food challenges (OFC) was assessed prospectively during the BAT2 study (NCT03309488), according to the Practall guidelines. Demographic, clinical and immunological parameters were compared between severe/non-severe and higher/lower threshold reactors to BM or FM. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analyses were performed to measure the accuracy of biomarkers with discriminative ability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-one children reacted to cow's milk: 22 (15%) to BM and 49 (43%) to FM. Seven (32%) and 12 (24%) reactors had severe symptoms during OFC to BM and FM, respectively. The median cumulative dose of milk protein tolerated was 0.44 g for BM and 0.143 g for FM. The basophil activation test (BAT) was the only biomarker that could distinguish severity and threshold groups. BAT optimal cut-offs had 71% sensitivity and 100% specificity to identify severe reactors to BM and 96% sensitivity and 41% specificity to identify children reacting to 0.143 g or less of FM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BAT was the only biomarker for severity and threshold of allergic reactions to BM and FM, respectively. Once applied to clinical practice, BAT can help risk-stratify cow's milk allergic patients and improve their management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 4","pages":"1193-1204"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Models of Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Airway Inflammation","authors":"Fang Zhang, Shi‐Ran Sun, Xing‐Liang Wu, Jing‐Yi Ma, Di Yu, Zheng Liu, Yin Yao","doi":"10.1111/all.70323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.70323","url":null,"abstract":"Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only disease‐modifying therapy for allergic airway inflammation. However, its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood, which in turn impede the development of more effective and durable treatment strategies. Although animal models are indispensable for mechanistic dissection and therapeutic innovation, they are limited by significant translational gaps arising from fundamental interspecies immunological differences, variability in modeling protocols, and the frequent conflation of short‐term desensitization with durable clinical tolerance. This review critically evaluates current animal models of AIT, particularly murine models, by systematically comparing their immunological parameters and treatment paradigms with human clinical pathophysiology. We analyze the effects of animal strain, allergen type, intervention timing, and administration route on the observed mechanisms of tolerance. Furthermore, we assess the utility of these models in optimizing next‐generation strategies, including adjuvants and combination biologics. We conclude by proposing a conceptual framework to enhance translational relevance, emphasizing the need for standardized and clinically aligned protocols, integration of chronic and humanized models, and the synergistic use of emerging technologies such as organoids and artificial intelligence. This framework aims to guide the development of predictive preclinical models that can accelerate the rational design of novel AIT therapies.","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Structural Insights Into the Potency and Cross-Reactivity of the Major Peanut Allergen Ara h 2.","authors":"Merima Bublin,Heimo Breiteneder","doi":"10.1111/all.70334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.70334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legends of Allergology and Clinical Immunology: Gennaro D'Amato, a Pioneer in Climate Change and Respiratory Health.","authors":"Lorenzo Cecchi,Isabella Annesi Maesano","doi":"10.1111/all.70316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.70316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}