Allergy最新文献

{"title":"Transcriptomic Analysis of Allergic Patch Test Reactions in Non-Atopic Patients: A Comparative Study Across Multiple Allergens.","authors":"David Pesqué,Evelyn Andrades,Pau Berenguer-Molins,Júlia Perera-Bel,Miquel Clarós,Marta Bódalo-Torruella,Mònica González-Farré,Fernando Gallardo,Ramon M Pujol,Ana M Giménez-Arnau","doi":"10.1111/all.16642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16642","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDImmune mechanisms underlying elicitation in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) have yet to be fully elucidated. Previous studies have shown a double-faceted nature of ACD with both common biomarkers among different allergens and allergen-specific imprinting, albeit with discordance in terms of relevant pathways involved. Several factors, including co-existing atopic dermatitis, may influence immune reactions. We aim to characterize molecular signatures and their immune mechanisms of different relevant allergens (nickel, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate [2-HEMA], methylisothiazolinone [MIT], formaldehyde) in strong and extreme positive (2/3+) patch test reactions of patients without atopic dermatitis.METHODSA transcriptomic analysis of 40 skin biopsies of ACD reactions (11 nickel, 10 MIT, 10 2-HEMA, 9 formaldehyde) and 19 controls (petrolatum-occluded skin) was performed using RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were assessed, and enriched functional pathways were obtained with an over-representation analysis for allergens.RESULTSACD molecular profiling revealed a strong, common imprinting of DEG among allergens versus controls (n = 814), with further partially shared DEG among allergens (n = 664) and allergen-specific DEG (n = 430). The most relevant shared pathways were associated with immune adaptive and innate responses. All allergens exhibited mixed effector immune responses, mainly type 1 and 3 immunity, and, to a lesser extent, type 2 immunity. Furthermore, partially shared and unique DEG were associated with further inflammatory pathways, particularly for nickel and 2-HEMA.CONCLUSIONSThis study confirms shared ACD imprinting among different allergens and shared pathways' predominant role in ACD elicitation in patients without atopic dermatitis, alongside allergen-specific immune processes and mixed effector responses (type 1, 3 and 2).","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"698 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alert Card for Patients on Biologicals and Immunosuppressives: An EAACI Position Paper.","authors":"Adam Chaker,Paula Kauppi,Sevim Bavbek,Apostolos Bossios,Alexia Chatzipetrou,Davide Firinu,Barbara Rogala,Andrea Matucci,Alessandra Vultaggio,Petr Panzner,Wojciech Feleszko,Ron Eliashar,Ioanna Agache,Ludger Klimek,Maria Torres,Oliver Pfaar,Oscar Palomares,Mohamed Shamji,Thomas Eiwegger,Antonios G A Kolios","doi":"10.1111/all.16656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytic Acid Improves the Skin Barrier Function in Murine Models of Atopic Dermatitis Through Skin Microbiota‐Derived Indole‐3‐Propionic Acid","authors":"Piao Wang, Lan Yang, Lu Chen, Xinyu Huang, Zhen Lin, Yue Li, Caiyu Qi, Tianren Xu, Jianglin Zhang, Min Qi, Biao Cheng, Junjie Wang, Zhiqi Hu, Gaofeng Wang","doi":"10.1111/all.16644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16644","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundBarrier dysfunction and dysbiosis of the skin microbiota are two of the key factors in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Phytic acid (PA) is a common constituent of high‐fiber foods, whereas its role in AD remains unelucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PA‐altered skin microbial metabolites on AD and to explore its specific mechanism.MethodsMC903‐induced AD mouse models were used to explore the role of PA on AD by TEWL, immunofluorescence, and qPCR analysis. Using cohouse experiments with feces removal to verify the role of skin microbiota. The specific mechanism of effect of PA was explored through 16S, RNA‐seq, LC–MS/MS, luciferase assay, and in vivo experiments with siRNA.ResultsDiet‐derived PA significantly improved the barrier function of MC903‐induced AD, whether administered by gavage or topically. Topical application of PA reshaped the skin microbiota in AD mice and increased tryptophan‐metabolizing bacteria, especially <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis</jats:italic></jats:styled-content>. Furthermore, PA upregulated skin microbiota‐derived indole derivatives, especially indole‐3‐propionic acid (IPA), thus activating AHR to promote the transcription of KRT10, which further ameliorated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD</jats:styled-content>.ConclusionOur findings showed that diet‐derived PA improved barrier function in AD via altering skin microbiota‐derived metabolites, highlighting PA as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Cellular, Molecular, and Humoral Responses by PQ Grass 27,600 SU for the Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomised Double Blind Placebo Control Exploratory Field Study","authors":"Janice A. Layhadi, Sviatlana Starchenka, Pieter‐Jan De Kam, Elizabeth Palmer, Lily Y. D. Wu, Sean T. Keane, William T. Fulton, Prista Hikmawati, Xun Meng, Paulina Filipaviciute, Anna Cutrina Pons, Kemi Oluwayi, Katarzyna Lis, Oliver Armfield, Murray A. Skinner, Matthew D. Heath, Simon J. Hewings, Matthias F. Kramer, Mohamed H. Shamji","doi":"10.1111/all.16640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16640","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundA short‐course pre‐seasonal subcutaneous injection of PQ Grass is clinically effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, though its mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the study was to interrogate immunological mechanisms induced by PQ Grass conventional and extended regimens.MethodsA RDBPC exploratory field study involving participants that either received injections of PQ Grass with a cumulative dose of 27,600 SU conventional (six once weekly injections) or extended regimen (three once weekly injections followed by three once monthly injections) or placebo containing microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT) (placebo + MCT) or saline (placebo) was performed. Humoral, cellular, and molecular responses were assessed at baseline (V1), end of treatment, prior to grass pollen season (V12) and end of pollen season (V15). Immunoglobulin analyses and cellular/gene microarray analyses were performed in the sub‐study cohort consisting of PQ Grass Conventional (&lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 25 and &lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 10, respectively), PQ Grass Extended (&lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 26 and &lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 10, respectively), Placebo with MCT (&lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 13 and &lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 5, respectively), and Placebo (saline; &lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 12 and &lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 5, respectively).ResultsBoth PQ Grass regimens, conventional and extended, were associated with improvement in total combined scores (TCS) with a relative difference of −35.0% (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.03) and −40.8% (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.01) against placebo with MCT, respectively. Both PQ Grass treatment regimens were associated with increases in the sIgG&lt;jats:sub&gt;4&lt;/jats:sub&gt;/sIgE ratio (all, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) and induction of IgA&lt;jats:sub&gt;1&lt;/jats:sub&gt; (all, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) and IgA&lt;jats:sub&gt;2&lt;/jats:sub&gt; (all, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.01) compared to placebo groups. Nasal fluid (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.01) and serum (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) blocking antibodies are functional and have the capacity to inhibit allergen‐IgE complex formation and binding to B cells in the PQ Grass groups. In vitro cellular and microarray gene analyses demonstrated that the extended PQ Grass regimen was more proficient in modulating the immune response towards a tolerogenic milieu by dampening pro‐inflammatory type 2 immune response and the associated cytokines (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05), immune deviation towards a Th1 response (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05), and induction of FOXP3&lt;jats:sup&gt;+&lt;/jats:sup&gt; Treg cells (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsFor the first time, we highlight differential mechanisms of tolerance induction by PQ Grass, with the extended regimen being superior in modulating T cell compartments.Trail RegistrationTrial number: PQGrass309, EudraCT number: 2020‐000408‐13","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin‐Derived PGD2 Promotes Antigen‐Specific IgE Production via CRTH2 Signaling","authors":"Misato Kida, Tatsuro Nakamura, Shingo Maeda, Nanae Nagata, Hirofumi Enomoto, Takahisa Murata","doi":"10.1111/all.16635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algorithms in Allergy: Diagnosis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis Complicated by Eczema Herpeticum.","authors":"Stephan Traidl,Annice Heratizadeh,Thomas Werfel","doi":"10.1111/all.16632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16632","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Omics Sciences in Allergic Diseases From Bench to Bedside: An EAACI Position Paper.","authors":"Chiara Tontini,Urszula Radzikowska,Carlos J Aranda,Marlena Tynecka,María Isabel Delgado Dolset,Andrzej Eljaszewicz,José Antonio Cornejo-García,Alma Villaseñor,Adriana Ariza,Nuria Contreras,Juan C López-Rodríguez,Dilara Karaguzel,Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo,Riccardo Castagnoli,Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia,Milena Sokolowska,Cristobalina Mayorga,Christiane Hilger,Charlotte G Mortz,Oliver Pfaar,Domingo Barber,Maria M Escribese,Cagatay Karaaslan","doi":"10.1111/all.16638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16638","url":null,"abstract":"Omics have revolutionized our understanding of allergic diseases, with increasingly more studies adopting techniques like genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics over the years. Integrating high-dimensional omics data with clinical features can enable more precise disease classification and biomarker identification, leading to improved disease management and the development of novel therapies. However, translating these discoveries into clinical practice remains a challenge. In this European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Position Paper, the Task Force (TF) \"The Use of Omics Sciences in Asthma and Allergy Clinical Practice\" performed a broad review of recent papers where omics technologies were used in the context of clinical studies and provided a summary of relevant findings in the field of asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergy and drug hypersensitivity reactions. Particular attention was dedicated to studies investigating overlapping diseases/co-morbidities, revealing unique and shared signatures that could guide future therapeutic and research efforts. Furthermore, current hurdles in translating findings from bench to bedside were explained, and possible solutions were offered. With this position paper, the TF aims to assist researchers and clinicians by providing an overview of the investigations performed to date, highlighting gaps in research, limitations, and avenues for further exploration in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mepolizumab Effectiveness in Severe Asthma With/Without Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: Real‐World Pooled Analysis","authors":"Florence Schleich, Stelios Loukides, Rekha Chaudhuri, Joerg D. Leuppi, Enrico Heffler, Cristian Domingo, Claudio Micheletto, Thomas Paulsson, Nina Gaw, Konstantina Kallinikou, Carla Vossen, Florent Guelfucci, Jyothi Menon, Armel Ngami, Ines Palomares","doi":"10.1111/all.16618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16618","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundSevere asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype (SAEP) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are predominantly type 2‐driven diseases, characterised by eosinophilic inflammation and substantial disease burden. Mepolizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin‐5, a key cytokine in type 2 inflammation, is an effective, approved treatment both in SAEP and CRSwNP. We aimed to analyse real‐world evidence of mepolizumab effectiveness in patients with comorbid SAEP and CRSwNP.MethodsThis study pooled five existing, predominantly European cohorts to describe the impact of mepolizumab on the rate of clinically significant exacerbations (CSEs) and other outcomes in adults with SAEP without and with comorbid CRSwNP (SAEP[−]CRSwNP and SAEP[+]CRSwNP, respectively).ResultsOverall, 1037 patients were included. Baseline characteristics were similar in both cohorts. Mepolizumab was associated with a reduction from baseline in the annual rate of CSEs at 12‐months post‐initiation (SAEP[−]CRSwNP: 72.7%; SAEP[+]CRSwNP: 79.7%), irrespective of baseline blood eosinophil count (BEC). When patients with SAEP[+]CRSwNP were compared with patients with SAEP[−]CRSwNP, a 30.0% incremental benefit in the reduction of CSEs was observed. At 12‐months post‐initiation, mepolizumab was also associated with a reduction in oral corticosteroid use and BEC, and an improvement in lung function and Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores in both cohorts. Post‐mepolizumab initiation, ≥ 3 clinical remission criteria were fulfilled by 47.2% and 52.3% of patients with SAEP[−]CRSwNP and SAEP[+]CRSwNP, respectively.ConclusionsThe results provide a greater understanding of mepolizumab's effectiveness, demonstrating a substantial improvement in asthma outcomes, irrespective of baseline BEC and the presence of comorbid CRSwNP.","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution, Immunopathogenesis and Biomarkers of Type 2 Inflammation in Common Allergic Disorders","authors":"Ya-dong Gao,&nbsp;Zi-jun Wang,&nbsp;Ismail Ogulur,&nbsp;Sheng-jie Li,&nbsp;Duygu Yazici,&nbsp;Xue-hui Li,&nbsp;Yagiz Pat,&nbsp;Yang Zheng,&nbsp;Huseyn Babayev,&nbsp;Can Zeyneloglu,&nbsp;Ya-chun Li,&nbsp;Sena Ardicli,&nbsp;Wen-qu Tian,&nbsp;Ozge Ardicli,&nbsp;Shi-wei Chen,&nbsp;Xiang-ting Bu,&nbsp;Gan Lu,&nbsp;Li-hong Chang,&nbsp;Ying He,&nbsp;Emma Guttman-Yassky,&nbsp;Beatriz Cabanillas,&nbsp;Cevdet Ozdemir,&nbsp;Ayca Kiykim,&nbsp;Mohamed Shamji,&nbsp;Kari Nadeau,&nbsp;Maria J. Torres,&nbsp;Mubeccel Akdis,&nbsp;Cezmi A. Akdis","doi":"10.1111/all.16620","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.16620","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prevalence of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, food and drug allergies, and atopic dermatitis, has been increasing globally over the past few decades. Allergic diseases are closely linked to type 2 immunity, which is characterized by the coordinated interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses. Significant advancements have been achieved in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern type 2 immunity, chiefly mediated by type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, which are primarily secreted by T helper 2 cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. In addition, a diverse array of effector cells, including mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, regulatory T cells, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, are critically involved in orchestrating and modulating type 2 inflammatory responses. The activation of epithelial cells, secretion of alarmins and multiple chemokines, impairment of epithelial barrier integrity, and disruption of microbial dysbiosis serve as crucial mechanisms underlying not only the pathogenesis of allergic disorders but also the development of various systemic conditions. Biologic therapies targeting type 2 pathways—specifically effector functions of IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and immunoglobulin E have—demonstrated promising efficacy. However, a subset of patients with severe allergic diseases remains unresponsive to these treatments, underscoring the need for deeper mechanistic insights and personalized therapeutic approaches. This review addresses the definition, evolution, cellular and molecular basis, and regulation of type 2 immunity. It then examines the common allergic diseases associated with type 2 responses and concludes by exploring the associations between inborn errors of immunity and type 2 responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"80 7","pages":"1848-1877"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.16620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144521209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Multi‐Strain Probiotic SYN‐53 in the Management of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis","authors":"Karl‐Christian Bergmann, Torsten Zuberbier","doi":"10.1111/all.16634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16634","url":null,"abstract":"Dysbiosis is increasingly linked to allergy development. This study evaluates the efficacy of the multi‐strain probiotic SYN‐53 in the management of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). Eighty‐four subjects with confirmed grass pollen allergy underwent up to three bi‐weekly 3‐day intake cycles with SYN‐53 or placebo. After each cycle, subjects were exposed to grass pollen in an allergen exposure chamber. ARC symptoms were assessed using the Total Symptom Score (TSS) before and after each use of SYN‐53. After one intake cycle, SYN‐53 already showed a trend towards greater efficacy over placebo, which became significant after two cycles (ΔTSS<jats:sub>MAX</jats:sub>: −3.44 ± 0.42 vs. −1.87 ± 0.37; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0067), with 38% vs. 24% symptom relief. In subjects with moderate to severe symptoms, SYN‐53 was already significantly superior after one single intake cycle and improved further after two cycles (ΔTSS<jats:sub>MAX</jats:sub>: −4.78 ± 0.51 vs. −2.43 ± 0.47; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0014), with 45% vs. 26% symptom relief. SYN‐53 is effective in the management of ARC, highlighting the role of bacterial diversity and dosage in probiotic nutritional supplements.","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}