Allergy最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Non-Specific Esophagitis Reveals a Distinct Non-Eosinophilic Phenotype With Fibrotic Traits","authors":"Marc Pfefferle,&nbsp;Darko Stojkov,&nbsp;Dagmar Simon,&nbsp;Emilie Gueguen,&nbsp;Marcin Wawrzyniak,&nbsp;Margaret H. Collins,&nbsp;Mirna Chehade,&nbsp;Evan S. Dellon,&nbsp;Glenn T. Furuta,&nbsp;Ikuo Hirano,&nbsp;Nirmala Gonsalves,&nbsp;Fouad J. Moawad,&nbsp;Luc Biedermann,&nbsp;Alain M. Schoepfer,&nbsp;Alex Straumann,&nbsp;Hans-Uwe Simon,&nbsp;Thomas Greuter","doi":"10.1111/all.70364","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70364","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-specific esophagitis has been recently described in patients with dysphagia not fulfilling criteria for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Whether it is a distinct entity and how dysphagia can develop in the absence of eosinophilic infiltration remains unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we comprehensively characterized non-specific esophagitis aiming to elucidate eosinophil-independent fibrosis mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We cross-sectionally and longitudinally analyzed treatment-naïve patients presenting with non-specific esophagitis defined by esophageal dysfunction and low-grade lymphocytic infiltration (&lt; 30 lymphocytes/hpf) in the absence of tissue eosinophilia and reflux disease (GERD). We compared clinical, endoscopic, (immuno)-histological disease activity to EoE, lymphocytic esophagitis, and GERD. RNA sequencing was performed to investigate disease mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 19 patients (6 males, median age 48 years), with a follow-up of 20 months (IQR 10–41). Clinical disease burden was considerable, contrasting mild endoscopic activity (EREFS 0, IQR 0–2). Immunostaining of esophageal biopsies did not reveal increased numbers of eosinophils or mast cells as contributors to the disease. Lymphocytic infiltration (15/hpf, IQR 9–24) was not increased compared to healthy controls (9/hpf, IQR 9–10) or GERD patients (13/hpf, IQR 9–23); 14 (73.6%) patients were treated with topical steroids (symptomatic response in 85.7%) and 6 patients (31.6%) underwent endoscopic dilation. Progression to EoE was observed in 1 patient, while esophageal eosinophilia (&lt; 15 eos/hpf) developed in 3 patients. RNA sequencing (<i>n</i> = 10) revealed a distinct transcriptomic profile, with highly enriched fibrosis-related pathways. Immunostaining for E-Cadherin/Vimentin as a marker for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT, <i>n</i> = 10) confirmed increased EMT compared to controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-specific esophagitis appears to be a distinct non-eosinophilic phenotype with fibrotic traits. Our data suggest eosinophil-independent development of fibrosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 10","pages":"3620-3630"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polypropylene Nanoplastic Exposure to Respiratory Epithelial Barrier-On-Chip and Interfacial Interactions With Human Serum Albumin","authors":"Omur Sert,&nbsp;Eyup Bilgi,&nbsp;Reyhan Coban,&nbsp;Pelin Saglam-Metiner,&nbsp;Basar Dogan,&nbsp;Zeynep Imir-Tekneci,&nbsp;Suleyman Selim Cinaroglu,&nbsp;Ozlem Goksel,&nbsp;Ceyda Oksel Karakus,&nbsp;Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas","doi":"10.1111/all.70335","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Under the influence of environmental pollution, chronic non-communicable diseases have increased. The epithelial lining of the airway forms the initial barrier; however, upon exposure, nanoplastics (NPs) may cross this interface and enter systemic circulation. This study aims to elucidate the effects of polypropylene nanoplastics (PP NPs) on the epithelial barrier and the interactions with serum proteins. PP beads were chemically degraded, characterized, and administered to the epithelial barrier-on-chip at a dose of 250 μg/mL, followed by continuous perfusion for 3 days. Their colloidal and biological behavior was investigated in cell culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. To explore clinical relevance, the interaction of PP NPs with human serum albumin was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations, supported by protein profiling of plasma samples from healthy male and female individuals to understand gender-related differences. PP NPs with an average size of 305 nm were exposed to the epithelial barrier-on-chip leading to a decrease in cell viability via apoptotic cell death and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value from ~2600 to 2200 Ω·cm² with altered ZO-1 and ACE2 expression, as well as an increased proinflammatory response and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. [Correction added on 15 April 2026, after first online publication: The word “suppressed” has been deleted from the abstract.] The size of NPs increased to 364 nm after incubation with cell culture medium, indicating protein corona formation. The simulation revealed a biphasic adsorption pattern. The major differences in blood plasma of male and female donors were observed in the protein bands around 130 and 180 kDa. By integrating experimental and computational approaches, this study advances our understanding of how inhaled NPs may interact with blood proteins upon systemic exposure, with potential implications for human health risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 10","pages":"3488-3503"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota Signatures in Early Life and Their Association With Food Allergy: A Systematic Review","authors":"Eduard Flores Ventura,&nbsp;Jeremy Corriger,&nbsp;Hélène Omer,&nbsp;Marie Bodinier,&nbsp;Dirk Haller,&nbsp;Tomer Hertz,&nbsp;Martin Larsen,&nbsp;Maria Carmen Collado","doi":"10.1111/all.70433","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70433","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food allergy (FA) is increasing worldwide, and early life may be a critical window for immune training. We systematically reviewed observational human studies linking early-life microbiota (infant, maternal, environmental, or extraintestinal) profiled using culture-based and/or culture-independent methods (including sequencing-based approaches) to subsequent FA or food sensitization outcomes in infants, children, and adolescents up to 18 years of age. PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Scopus, and LILACS were searched from database inception to March 2026. Inclusion required microbiota sampling during pregnancy or childhood and clinically ascertained FA/sensitization; non-human studies and studies without sequencing or clinical outcomes were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using QUIPS. Owing to heterogeneity, we performed narrative synthesis. Forty studies were included (<i>n</i> = 6530 participants; 2077 cases). Across cohorts, cases were associated with lower diversity, early beta-divergence (1–6 months), neonatal enrichment of Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota)/Enterobacteriaceae and selected taxa (<i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Sutterella</i>), and depletion within the first year of <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Blautia</i>, and butyrate producers (<i>Roseburia</i>, <i>Faecalibacterium</i>). Functional profiles often suggested delayed maturation and reduced short-chain fatty acid capacity. Evidence was limited by moderate risk of bias, residual confounding, and heterogeneous outcome definitions. These findings support distinct early-life microbial configurations associated with FA susceptibility versus tolerance, informing mechanism-based prevention.</p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> PROSPERO CRD420251234739.</p>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 10","pages":"3453-3471"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148576219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EAACI Guidelines on Environmental Science for Allergy and Asthma—Evidence-Based Recommendations for Prevention and Public Health Action to Mitigate the Impact of Pollen Exposure on Respiratory Allergy","authors":"Lorenzo Cecchi,&nbsp;Isabella Annesi-Maesano,&nbsp;Benedetta Biagioni,&nbsp;Kian Fan Chung,&nbsp;Bernard Clot,&nbsp;Gennaro D'Amato,&nbsp;Athanasios Damialis,&nbsp;Stefano Del Giacco,&nbsp;Javier Dominguez-Ortega,&nbsp;Carmen Galán,&nbsp;Stefanie Gilles,&nbsp;Stephen Holgate,&nbsp;Mohamed Jeebhay,&nbsp;Stelios Kazadzis,&nbsp;Kari Nadeau,&nbsp;Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos,&nbsp;Santiago Quirce,&nbsp;Joaquin Sastre,&nbsp;Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann,&nbsp;Fiona Tummon,&nbsp;Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa,&nbsp;Magdalena Zemelka-Wiacek,&nbsp;Marek Jutel,&nbsp;Cezmi A. Akdis,&nbsp;Ioana Agache","doi":"10.1111/all.70423","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70423","url":null,"abstract":"<p></p>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 10","pages":"3414-3438"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Skin Penetration and Immune Responses to Ionic and Nanoparticulate Cobalt in Allergic Contact Dermatitis","authors":"Paulina Werner,&nbsp;Martin Schaier,&nbsp;Gabriel Braun,&nbsp;Anneli Julander,&nbsp;Klara Midander,&nbsp;Marlene Isaksson,&nbsp;Gunda Koellensperger,&nbsp;Lukas Wisgrill,&nbsp;Nanna Fyhrquist","doi":"10.1111/all.70422","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70422","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cobalt is a well-established cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), but data on the skin absorption, toxicity, and immunological effects of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) remain limited. Given the increasing use of nanomaterials in industry and medicine, understanding how cobalt speciation affects skin immune activation is of growing clinical relevance.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Fourteen cobalt-allergic individuals underwent standardized patch testing with cobalt chloride (CoCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) and CoNPs at equivalent nominal doses. Skin biopsies from positive reactions were analyzed by RNA sequencing to characterize immune and barrier-related pathways. Cobalt penetration and localization were further examined in reconstructed and ex vivo human skin models using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser ablation ICP-TOFMS imaging.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Both CoCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CoNPs elicited positive patch test reactions, although CoNP responses were delayed and milder. CoCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; also demonstrated a clearer dose-dependent increase in clinical reactivity, whereas CoNP responses were comparatively stable across concentrations. Transcriptomic profiling revealed substantial overlap between exposures, with reaction strength emerging as the main determinant of gene expression changes. Increasing severity was associated with enrichment of interferon signaling, inflammatory response, apoptosis, cell cycle-related programs, and glycolysis in both exposures. Lipid metabolic pathways were significantly associated with reaction strength in CoCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-exposed skin but not in CoNP-exposed samples. Direct comparison using a paired DESeq2 design identified 281 differentially expressed genes between CoCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CoNP. Functional enrichment of these genes revealed distinct biological signatures between exposures, including upregulated interferon and antiviral pathways and downregulated epithelial differentiation programs in CoCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; compared to CoNP. In complementary skin models, CoCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exhibited deeper penetration, higher trans-epidermal flux, and broader intracellular accumulation across epidermal and dermal cell populations, whereas CoNPs remained largely confined to the stratum corneum and adnexal structures.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cobalt-induced ACD is shaped by both reaction strength and cobalt speciation. While CoCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CoNPs share a core interferon-driven inflammatory program t","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 10","pages":"3568-3583"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148286791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Abrocitinib on the Skin Microbiome in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis","authors":"Madeline Kim,&nbsp;Ester Del Duca,&nbsp;Joel Correa Da Rosa,&nbsp;Juliana Pulsinelli,&nbsp;Yeriel Estrada,&nbsp;Dan Xu,&nbsp;Gary Chan,&nbsp;Allshine Chen,&nbsp;Erman Güler,&nbsp;Karen Page,&nbsp;Emma Guttman-Yassky","doi":"10.1111/all.70467","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70467","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by microbial dysbiosis, notably an overabundance of <i>Staphylococcus</i> species. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of abrocitinib, a Janus kinase 1-selective inhibitor, on the skin microbiome and clinical outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients enrolled in JADE MOA (NCT03915496) were randomly assigned to receive once-daily abrocitinib (100 or 200 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks. Skin swabs collected at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 12 underwent 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to determine microbial composition. Disease severity was assessed at the same time points using established clinical metrics. Associations between microbial abundance and clinical metrics, as well as inflammatory and skin barrier markers, were investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 43 patients were included. Alpha diversity increased significantly at Week 12 of treatment with abrocitinib 200 mg. Beta diversity analysis revealed clustering of the abrocitinib groups away from placebo as early as Week 2; divergence continued through Week 12. <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> relative abundance decreased in a dose-dependent manner from Week 2 through Week 12 of abrocitinib treatment. Changes in skin microbial composition corresponded with improvements in clinical metrics of disease severity as well as immune markers of AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Abrocitinib treatment is associated with beneficial changes in the skin microbiome, notably a reduction in <i>S. aureus</i> and increased microbial diversity. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of action of abrocitinib and the interplay of immunomodulation and the skin microbiome in AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03915496</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 10","pages":"3599-3607"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The External Exposome and Food Allergy: How Environmental Exposures Shape Disease Risk","authors":"Johanna M. Smeekens,&nbsp;Helen A. Brough,&nbsp;Kirsi M. Järvinen,&nbsp;Sophie Troyer,&nbsp;Michael D. Kulis,&nbsp;Timothy P. Moran","doi":"10.1111/all.70501","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70501","url":null,"abstract":"<p>IgE-mediated food allergy is a global health issue with rising prevalence that cannot be explained by genetic change alone, strongly suggesting that environmental exposures are a key driver. The external exposome encompasses several exposures that influence the developing immune system and modify food allergy risk. Environmental exposure to food allergens in household dust is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for sensitization, whereas early oral introduction promotes tolerance. Early-life microbial exposures, especially those associated with rural and farming environments, may protect against food allergies by stimulating innate immune pathways and shaping the gut microbiome. Co-exposures to microbial adjuvants can further alter risk in a timing-dependent manner. Epidemiological birth cohort studies have linked exposure to air pollutants, such as particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, to food sensitization and allergy. Synthetic chemicals represent an emerging risk factor by disrupting epithelial barrier integrity and immune regulation. Ultra-processed food consumption and dietary additives may further increase risk by altering gut permeability and immune function. Significant gaps remain in our understanding of the most relevant environmental exposures affecting food allergy risk. Future research using longitudinal cohort designs and exposome-wide approaches is essential for developing evidence-based strategies to prevent food allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 10","pages":"3472-3487"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148858825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EAACI Spring Meeting 2026: Prevention as Treatment—A New Paradigm","authors":"María José Torres,&nbsp;Marina Atanaskovic Marković,&nbsp;Asli Gelincik,&nbsp;Sophia Tsabouri,&nbsp;Isabella Annesi-Maesano,&nbsp;Arzu Aral,&nbsp;Snežana Aranđelović,&nbsp;Zoran Arsovski,&nbsp;Marinko Artković,&nbsp;Julijana Asllani,&nbsp;Camelia Berghea,&nbsp;Roberto Berni Canani,&nbsp;Blaženka Bukvić,&nbsp;Klaus Bønnelykke,&nbsp;Özge Can Bostan,&nbsp;Gulfem Elif Celik,&nbsp;Özlem Ceylan,&nbsp;Aleksandra Dašić,&nbsp;Deska Dimitrievska,&nbsp;Ratko Djukanović,&nbsp;Dejan Dokić,&nbsp;Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia,&nbsp;Thomas Eiwegger,&nbsp;Mark Kačar,&nbsp;Aspasia Karavelia,&nbsp;Peter Kopač,&nbsp;Florin Dumitru Mihaltan,&nbsp;Jordan Minov,&nbsp;Nunu Mitskevichi,&nbsp;Vildana Mujkić,&nbsp;Nicolaos Nicolaou,&nbsp;Silviya Novakova,&nbsp;Mahir Serbes,&nbsp;Özge Soyer,&nbsp;Snežana Šundić Vardić,&nbsp;Perseda Tofiloska Poposka,&nbsp;Iva Topalušić,&nbsp;Mirjana Turkalj,&nbsp;Vladimir Turuntaš,&nbsp;Mohamed H. Shamji","doi":"10.1111/all.70486","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70486","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Spring Meeting 2026, held from 27 to 29 March in Belgrade, Serbia, brought together leading experts in allergy and clinical immunology alongside representatives of EAACI's National Allergy and Immunology Societies (NAIS) from the Southeastern European region. Nineteen NAIS representatives participated, representing Albania, Armenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia, Serbia, and Türkiye.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Centered on the theme “Prevention as Treatment: A New Paradigm,” the meeting reflected a major conceptual shift in allergy and clinical immunology. Over 3 days, the programme combined strategic sessions, scientific symposia, workshops, and networking activities, fostering dialog between EAACI leadership and regional stakeholders. Beyond its scientific programme, the meeting served as a platform to strengthen collaboration, identify unmet needs, and support the sustainable development of allergy and clinical immunology across Southeastern Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The scientific programme highlighted prevention as a continuum, spanning primary to quaternary prevention and integrating mechanistic insights with clinical practice [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Session I established the conceptual framework by defining the different levels of prevention and exploring the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Discussions on the atopic march and the distinctions between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention laid the foundation for the subsequent sessions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Primary prevention was the focus of Sessions II and III, which examined early-life determinants of allergic disease, including genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, maternal influences, nutrition, infant feeding practices, and immune system development. These discussions emphasized the critical window before and shortly after birth during which preventive interventions may have the greatest impact. Respiratory allergy prevention was also addressed through environmental control, improved air quality, and infection prevention, highlighting the complementary roles of public health measures and individual interventions [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The programme then shifted to secondary prevention, emphasizing early diagnosis and timely intervention to modify disease progression. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), early introduction of allergenic foods, and precision diagnostics were presented as key strategies for altering disease trajectories, particularly in asthma and food allergy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tertiary prevention focused on optimizing disease management to reduce complications, recurrences, and comorbidities. Discussions included the role of AIT, drug desensitization, and vaccination strategies for patients with allergic diseases [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. The integration of patient perspectives further highlighted the importance of individualized, patient-centered care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, quaternary prevention expanded the discus","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 10","pages":"3407-3410"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148858821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet–Microbiome–Immune Interactions at the Gut Mucosa in Food Allergy: Mechanisms, Gaps, and Therapeutic Implications","authors":"Clara Delaroque,&nbsp;Liam O'Mahony,&nbsp;Inge Kortekaas Krohn,&nbsp;Charlotte G. Mortz,&nbsp;Markus Ollert,&nbsp;Mahesh S. Desai","doi":"10.1111/all.70426","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mucosal surfaces are sites of highly dynamic interactions among epithelial and immune cells, environmental exposures, particularly dietary inputs, and the diverse microbial communities and their metabolites. These elements continually influence each other to maintain homeostasis and ensure appropriate immune discrimination between pathogens and innocuous stimuli, such as commensal microbes and dietary antigens. When this balance is disrupted, immune tolerance breaks down, leading to maladaptive responses characteristic of food allergy. Targeting mucosal interactions to restore homeostasis, therefore, holds substantial promise for preventing and treating food allergies and other atopic diseases. However, the complexity of the interconnected networks linking host factors, the microbiome, and diet presents major challenges. In this review, we synthesize recent advances in understanding the mechanisms governing mucosal crosstalk in both health and allergic disease. We provide an in-depth examination of the intestinal mucus layer and its components as active mediators of microbiota-host communication and potential initiators of allergic responses. We also discuss emerging mechanistic and therapeutic insights into how diet, food-derived molecules or treatments shape mucosal immunity, and highlight key knowledge gaps that warrant further investigation to clarify how disruptions in these interactions contribute to allergic sensitization.</p>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 10","pages":"3439-3452"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148304810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Habits and Atopic Dermatitis Significantly Influence the Fecal Microbiome","authors":"Danielle Fehr,&nbsp;Nicole Flack,&nbsp;Gloria Masenga,&nbsp;Nelson Mosha,&nbsp;Nick Li,&nbsp;Anna White,&nbsp;George Semango,&nbsp;Meike Distler,&nbsp;Claudia Lang,&nbsp;Felix Grimm,&nbsp;Michael Scharl,&nbsp;Daudi Mavura,&nbsp;John Elisante Masenga,&nbsp;Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier,&nbsp;Marie-Charlotte Brüggen","doi":"10.1111/all.70459","DOIUrl":"10.1111/all.70459","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) has been associated with microbial gut dysbiosis in children. Data in adults is scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sought to explore the fecal microbiome composition in AD patients versus healthy controls (HC) and investigate the impact of environmental aspects such as the geographical location and dietary habits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this case control study, a total of 140 fecal samples from 69 <span>AD</span> patients and 71 HC from Tanzania (TZ) and Switzerland (CH) were analyzed. Illumina shotgun metagenomics sequencing was performed followed by taxonomic profiling, calculation of alpha/beta diversity, and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Differentially abundant species and genera between AD and HC were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alpha diversity (Shannon Index) did not significantly differ between AD and HC. The presence of AD was identified as a significant source of fecal microbiome variation (Bray–Curtis beta diversity). On the species level, <i>Faecalibacterium taiwanense</i> was more abundant in AD, and <i>Vescimonas sp000435555</i> in HC. On the genus level, CAG-302 (NCBI: Clostridium) was more abundant in HC. Geographical location was associated with distinct dietary habits. <i>Prevotella</i> was significantly more abundant in TZ, whereas <i>Alistipes</i> and <i>Bacteroides</i> were significantly more abundant in CH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of AD significantly impacted the fecal microbiome variation and was associated with a particular microbial composition. The impact of geographical location on the fecal microbiome may be related to nutritional differences. Our data support the rationale of a gut-skin axis and pave the way towards therapeutic approaches modulating the microbiome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":122,"journal":{"name":"Allergy","volume":"81 10","pages":"3584-3598"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.70459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148595557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}