Florida Entomologist最新文献

{"title":"Bionomics of Bactrocera Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Exploring Performance of Various Trap Types and Their Characteristics","authors":"Aisha Kausar, F. Ullah, Fatima N. Jahan, K. Khan, S. Wahid, Gule Tanzila, N. H. Khan","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0309","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated spatio-temporal fluctuations and population dynamics of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in relation to selected climatic variables. Additionally, infestation rate of Bactrocera species and trapping efficiency of different trap types and characteristics were explored. Fruit flies were collected from 14 selected localities of 9 districts in 4 agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using pheromone traps (methyl eugenol and raspberry extract), food-baited traps, and from rearing of infested fruits. A total of 12,058 fruit flies belonging to nine species: Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), Bactrocera signata (Hering), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), Bactrocera tau (Walker), Bactrocera zahadi (Mahmood), Bactrocera scutellaris (Bezzi), and Bactrocera nigrofemoralis (White and Tsuruta) (all Diptera: Tephritidae) were collected. The first 3 species were categorized as dominant. Highest flies per trap per d was recorded from district Kohat (Zone-D) while the lowest was in Nowshera (Zone-C). Havelian, district Abbottabad (Zone-B), was the most diverse locality. Fruit fly population peaked in May and were at a minimum in Dec. There was a significant positive correlation between rainfall and Bactrocera species abundance, and a negative association between relative humidity and population abundance. Highest flies per trap per d were recorded at elevations ranging from 285 to 855 masl in semi-arid and cool zones, in sub-humid zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and in rangelands south of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Fruit flies showed host specificity with respect to certain plant families. Methyl eugenol-raspberry extract traps and food-baited traps displayed species-specific trapping patterns. South-facing and green or yellow colored traps were the most attractive. Numbers of Bactrocera were higher in methyl eugenol-raspberry extract mixture traps compared to other pheromone trap combinations. In food-baited trials, peach and guava-baited traps attracted the highest number of Bactrocera flies. Adding sugar and yeast increased trapping efficiency. Resumen Este estudio investigó las fluctuaciones espacio-temporales y la dinámica poblacional de las moscas de la fruta del género Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) en Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistán, en relación con las variables climáticas seleccionadas. Además, se exploró la tasa de infestación de especies de Bactrocera y la eficiencia de captura de diferentes tipos y características de trampas. Se recolectaron moscas de la fruta en 14 localidades seleccionadas de 9 distritos en 4 zonas agroecológicas de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa utilizando trampas de feromonas (metil eugenol y extracto de frambuesa), trampas con cebo alimentario y cría de frutas infestadas. Un total de 12.058 moscas de la fruta pertenecientes a nueve especies: Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), Bactrocera c","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":" 29","pages":"231 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41252578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"September 2022 Florida Entomological Society Corporate and Sustaining Members","authors":"","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"265 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42586737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology of Immature Stages and Host Range Characteristics of Sudauleutes bosqi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Candidate Biological Control Agent of Exotic Ludwigia spp. in the USA","authors":"Amy DaSilva, A. M. Reddy, P. Pratt, Marielle S. Hansel Friedman, B. Grewell, N. Harms, X. Cibils–Stewart, G. C. Walsh, Ana C. Faltlhauser, M. Chamorro","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0310","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract South American invasive plants in the genus Ludwigia (Onagraceae) degrade many riparian and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Biological control may aid in the management of these exotic weeds, but data on the host specificity of Ludwigia natural enemies is limited. The biology and host range of Sudauleutes bosqi Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an herbivore of Ludwigia spp. in South America, was studied to determine its suitability as a biological control agent for 3 exotic Ludwigia spp. (targets) in the US. Weevils maintained at 25 °C (± 1 °C) and a 14:10 h (L:D) photoperiod developed through 7 life stages, with a generation time from egg to adult of 17.6 (± 1.2) d when reared on the target weed Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, Gu & P. H. Raven (Onagraceae). There was no difference in mean body length between females (2.6 ± 0.1 mm) and males (2.5 ± 0.1 mm). No-choice and multiple-choice host range tests were conducted using 3 exotic Ludwigia spp. and 8 native US plant species. Sudauleutes bosqi larvae completed development on the 3 target weeds and 4 native plant species, and oviposition occurred on all but 1 of the plant species that supported larval development. In multiple-choice tests, S. bosqi oviposited on 9 of 11 plant species tested. Results indicate that host selection and development of S. bosqi is not limited to target weeds but also includes valued non-target species. Therefore, S. bosqi is not sufficiently host-specific for further consideration as a biological control agent of exotic Ludwigia spp. in the US and additional testing is not warranted. Resumen Las plantas invasoras sudamericanas del género Ludwigia (Onagraceae) degradan muchos ecosistemas ribereños y acuáticos en todo el mun-do. El control biológico puede ayudar en el manejo de estas malas hierbas exóticas, pero los datos sobre la especificidad de hospedero de los enemigos naturales de Ludwigia son limitados. Se estudió la biología y el rango de hospederos de Sudauleutes bosqi Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), un herbívoro de Ludwigia spp. en América del Sur para determinar su sostenebilidad como agente de control biológico de 3 especies exóticas de Ludwigia spp. (objetivos) en los EE.UU. Los gorgojos mantenidos a 25 °C (± 1 °C) con un fotoperíodo de 14:10 h (L:D) se desarrollaron a lo largo de 7 estadios de vida, con un tiempo de generación de huevo a adulto de 17,6 (± 1,2) dias cuando se criaron en la maleza objetivo Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, Gu & PH Raven (Onagraceae). No hubo diferencia en la longitud corporal media entre las hembras (2,6 ± 0,1 mm) y los machos (2,5 ± 0,1 mm). Se realizaron pruebas de variedad de hospederos de opción múltiple y de elección múltiple utilizando 3 especies exóticas de Ludwigia spp. y 8 especies de plantas nativas de EE. UU. Las larvas de Sudauleutes bosqi completaron el desarrollo en las 3 malezas objetivo y las 4 especies de plantas nativas, y la oviposición sucedió en todas menos 1 de las e","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"243 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44227545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weathering of Methyl Eugenol Solid Dispensers: Effects on Residual Amount, Release Rate, and Field Capture of Bactrocera dorsalis Males (Diptera: Tephritidae)","authors":"T. Shelly, R. Kurashima, L. Mosser, Rod Martin, C. Bazelet","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0307","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a global agricultural pest that attacks many commercially important fruits and vegetables. Many countries maintain trapping programs to detect incursions of this pest, and trapping relies heavily on methyl eugenol, a powerful attractant to B. dorsalis males, which typically is applied as a liquid to a cotton wick contained inside Jackson traps. However, this method is time-consuming, incurs high volatility (i.e., loss) of the lure, and entails health risks. Existing data indicate that solid dispensers of methyl eugenol are a viable alternative to the use of liquid lure. Based on fieldwork in a Hawaiian coffee field, the present study shows non-significant differences in captures of wild B. dorsalis males over 12-wk intervals between traps baited with a wick containing 6 mL of freshly applied liquid methyl eugenol and traps baited with a polymeric plug or wafer that contained a similar amount of methyl eugenol. The residual content of methyl eugenol also was measured for solid dispensers over the weathering period, but their long-lasting attractancy (≥ 12 wk) precluded identification of the threshold level of the lure below which solid dispensers were ineffective. Implications of these findings for trapping programs are discussed. Resumen La mosca oriental de la fruta, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), es una plaga agrícola mundial que ataca una gran variedad de frutas y verduras de importancia comercial. Muchos países mantienen programas de trampeo para detectar incursiones de esta plaga, y el trampeo depende en gran medida del metil eugenol, un poderoso atrayente para los machos de B. dorsalis, que generalmente se aplica como líquido a una mecha de algodón contenida dentro de las trampas Jackson. Sin embargo, este método requiere mucho tiempo, incurre en una alta volatilidad (pérdida) del señuelo y conlleva riesgos para la salud. Los datos existentes indican que los dispensadores sólidos de metil eugenol son una alternativa viable en vez del uso de señuelos líquidos. Basado en el trabajo de campo en cafetal de Hawái, el presente estudio muestra diferencias no significativas en las capturas de machos de B. dorsalis silvestres en intervalos de 12 semanas entre trampas cebadas con una mecha que contiene 6 ml de metil eugenol líquido recién aplicado y trampas cebadas con una tapón polimérico u oblea que contenía una cantidad similar de metil eugenol. El contenido residual de metil eugenol también se midió para dispensadores sólidos durante el período de exposición a la intemperie, pero su atractivo duradero (≥ 12 semanas) impidió la identificación del nivel umbral del señuelo por debajo del cual los dispensadores sólidos eran ineficaces. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos para los programas de trampeo.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"219 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43887288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility Status to Temephos in Larval Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from Quintana Roo, Southeastern Mexico","authors":"J. A. Ciau-Mendoza, Ángel S. Gómez-Rivera, Karla Leticia Canto-Mis, Rahuel J. Chan-Chablé, Cassandra González-Acosta, Miguel Moreno-García, Fabián Correa-Morales, P. Mis-Ávila","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0312","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In Mexico, the larvicide temephos (an organophosphate) has been used widely for vector control for a number of yr. Repeated exposure to this larvicide has caused resistance in Aedes container-inhabiting larvae. In this study, the susceptibility status to temephos was evaluated in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti larvae from 4 locales within Quintana Roo, Mexico. Aedes aegypti exhibited low-intensity phenotypic resistance in Cancún, Playa del Carmen, José María Morelos, and Chetumal. Aedes albopictus was found to be susceptible to temephos in Chetumal and Playa del Carmen, but low-intensity phenotypic resistance (tolerance) was observed in Cancún and José María Morelos. The changes in susceptibility status to temephos in both species could be caused by different degrees of exposure to this larvicide. However, more in-depth studies are required to confirm this. Sumario En México, el larvicida temefos (organofosforado) se ha utilizado ampliamente para el control de vectores durante varios años. La exposición prolongada a este compuesto ha provocado resistencia en las larvas del género Aedes. En este estudio, el estado de la susceptibilidad a temefos fue evaluado en larvas de Ae. albopictus y Ae. aegypti de cuatro comunidades de Quintana Roo, México. Aedes aegypti mostró una resistencia fenotípica de baja intensidad en Cancún, Playa del Carmen, José María Morelos, y Chetumal. Por otro lado, las poblaciones de Ae. albopictus de Chetumal y Playa del Carmen fueron susceptibles al larvicida, sin embargo, se observó resistencia fenotípica de baja intensidad en Cancún y José María Morelos. Los cambios en el estado de susceptibilidad a temefos de ambas especies puede deberse a los diferentes niveles de exposición al larvicida, sin embargo, se requiere de estudios más profundos para confirmarlo.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"255 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49024127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Consumption and Survival Rate of Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Air Potato Leaves Exposed to Cordyceps javanica (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae)","authors":"E. Kariuki, Erika E. Lovo, T. Price, Vrajesh B. Parikh, Emily B. Duren, P. Avery, C. Minteer","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0313","url":null,"abstract":"Summary PFR-97 20% WDG (PFR-97) is a broad-spectrum entomopathogenic fungal biopesticide that contains the active ingredient Cordyceps javanica (Frieder. & Bally) Kepler, B. Shrestha & Spatafora (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). This biopesticide is labelled for controlling aphids, psyllids, spider mites, thrips, and whiteflies in various crops, but also can infect certain chrysomelid species. Pest control activities applying PFR-97 in 1 agroecosystem may inadvertently drift and affect biological control agents purposefully released in another ecosystem. Therefore, our goal was to determine if PFR-97 was compatible when applied near Lilioceris cheni Gressitt and Kimoto (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a chrysomelid biological control agent for the invasive air potato. The consumption and survival rates of adult beetles after exposure to PFR-97 were investigated via leaf bioassays. Thirty L. cheni adults were provisioned individually with a Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae) leaf sprayed with either a C. javanica suspension at the concentration of 106, 105, 103, or 102 blastospores per mL-1 or sterile distilled water (control) for 72 h. Untreated leaves were provided every 3 d for an additional 18 d and leaf consumption was determined. Results showed the survival and leaf consumption of the L. cheni adults did not differ among treatments and control. Overall, our study demonstrated that any inadvertent exposure of L. cheni adults to C. javanica via spray drift is unlikely to impact the performance of the adult biological control agents. Sumario PFR-97 20% WDG (PFR-97) es un bioplaguicida fungifero entomopa-tógeno de amplio espectro que contiene el ingrediente activo Cordyceps javanica (Frieder. & Bally) Kepler, B. Shrestha & Spatafora (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). Este biopesticida está etiquetado para el control de áfidos, psílidos, araña rojas, trips y mosca blancas en varios cultivos, pero también puede infectar a ciertas especies de crisomélidos. Las actividades de control de plagas que aplican PFR-97 en 1 agroecosistema pueden derivar inadvertidamente y afectar a los agentes de control biológico liberados intencionalmente en otro ecosistema. Por lo tanto, nuestro ob-jetivo fue determinar si PFR-97 era compatible cuando se aplicaba cerca de Lilioceris cheni Gressitt and Kimoto (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), un agente de control biológico de crisomélidos para la papa aérea invasora, Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae). Se investigaron mediante bioen-sayos en hojas las tasas de consumo y sobrevivencia de escarabajos adultos después de la exposición a PFR-97. Se suministraron treinta adultos de L. cheni individualmente con una hoja de D. bulbifera rociada con una suspensión de C. javanica a una concentración de 106, 105, 103, or 102 blastosporas por mL-1 o agua destilada estéril (control) durante 72 h. Se proporcionaron hojas sin tratar cada 3 días durante 18 días adicionales y se determinó el consumo de hojas. Los resultados mostraron que la so","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"258 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48512754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Reared Under Different Methods","authors":"B. Bai, Zhenqi Tian, Bo Gao, Zhe Liu, Ling Wang, Jian Liu","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0306","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important soybean pest in North America. In this study, A. glycines was fed on detached leaves of Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae) at 20, 23, 26, 29, and 32 °C under 3 rearing methods: leaf-disc method, filter paper method, and moisturized cotton method. Aphis glycines life parameters, including nymph stage duration, adult lifespan, adult fecundity, adult body size, and intrinsic rate of increase were measured. There were no significant differences in nymph stage duration among these rearing methods at 20 to 32 °C. Within this temperature range, the filter paper method and the moisturized cotton method resulted in similar or greater adult lifespans, adult fecundities, adult body sizes, and intrinsic rates of increase in comparison to the leaf-disc method. When nymphs of A. glycines were reared at 20 to 29 °C, the experimental labor required for the moisturized cotton method was less than that for the filter paper method and the leaf-disc method. Considering the development, reproduction, and experimental labor, the moisturized cotton method is recommended as a good detached leaf method for rearing individual A. glycines. These conclusions will be useful and informational for researchers who study A. glycines, especially when selecting methods to rear A. glycines individually in the laboratory. Resumen El pulgón de la soja, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), es una plaga importante de la soja en América del Norte. En este estudio, A. glycines fue alimentado con hojas desprendidas de Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae) a 20, 23, 26, 29 y 32 °C bajo 3 métodos de crianza: método de disco de hoja, método de papel de filtro y método de algodón humedecido. Se midieron los parámetros de vida del A. glycines, incluyendo la duración de la estadio del ninfa, la duración de vida de los adultos, la fecundidad, el tamaño corporal adulto y la tasa intrínseca de aumento. No hubo diferencias significativas en la duración del estadio de ninfa entre estos métodos de crianza a 20 a 32 °C. Dentro de este rango de temperatura, el método del papel de filtro y el método del algodón humedecido dieron resultados similares o mayores sobre la duración de vida de los adultos, la fecundidad, el tamaño corporal de adultos y la tasa intrínseca de aumento en comparación con el método del disco de hoja. Cuando se criaron las ninfas a una temperatura de 20 a 29 °C, el trabajo experimental requerido para el método del algodón humedecido fue menor que los métodos del papel de filtro y del disco de hoja. Teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo, la reproducción y el trabajo experimental, se recomienda el método del algodón humedecido como un buen método de hojas sueltas para criar los individuales de A. glycines. Estas conclusiones serán útiles e informativas para los investigadores que estudian A. glycines, especialmente al seleccionar métodos para criar A. glycines individualmente en el laborato","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"211 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45284691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Three Essential Oils on Adult Repellency, Larval Fumigant Toxicity, and Egg Hatch of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"T. A. Wagan, Wenjun Wang, H. Hua, Lyu Rong-Hua, W. Cai","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0209","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The essential oils of Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) (Pinales: Pinaceae), Mentha x piperita L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), and Santalum paniculatum L. (Santalales: Santalaceae), were evaluated for their bioactivity on red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The most pharmacologically effective oil for this beetle species was that of M. piperita followed by C. atlantica and S. paniculatum. Mentha piperita provided about 74% repellency (at 1 d) to adults, whereas larval fumigant mortality was nearly 50% at 8 h of exposure. The greatest apparent reduction of egg hatch occurred with S. paniculatum (76%) when compared with M. piperita (25%) after 15 d. However, we believe that all 3 essential oils could be helpful for controlling red flour beetles to some degree. After recording bioactivity for all essential oils tested, each was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify its chemical components. Further studies should be conducted to test the bioactivity of the individual chemical components of these oils for T. castaneum. Resumen Los aceites esenciales de Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) (Pinales: Pinaceae), Mentha x piperita L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) y Santalum paniculatum L. (Santalales: Santalaceae) fueron evaluados por su bioactividad sobre el escarabajo rojo de la harina, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). El aceite más farmacológicamente eficaz para esta especie de escarabajo fue el de M. piperita seguido de C. atlantica y S. paniculatum. Mentha piperita proporcionó aproximadamente 74% de repelencia (a 1 dia) a los adultos, mientras que la mortalidad de larvales expuestas a los fumigantes fue de casi el 50% a las 8 horas de exposición. La mayor reducción de huevos sucedio con S. paniculatum (76%) en comparación con M. piperita (25%) después de 15 días. Sin embargo, creemos que los 3 aceites esenciales podrían ser útiles para controlar los escarabajos rojos de la harina hasta cierto punto. Después de registrar la bioactividad de todos los aceites esenciales analizados, cada uno de ellos fue sometido a un análisis de cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) para identificar sus componentes químicos. Se deben realizar más estudios para probar la bioactividad de los componentes químicos individuales de estos aceites para T. castaneum.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"160 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42123137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to Water-Soaked Imported Fire Ant Baits","authors":"D. Oi, A. Lucky, Dina M. Liebowitz","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is a stinging invasive ant that can establish extremely large, dominating populations in tropical and subtropical regions. In Florida, it is well established in south and central Florida with a reported northern limit of Marion County, Florida, USA. However, in 2018 to 2019 overwintering populations were discovered farther north in Gainesville, Florida, USA. There is a need to develop effective management options suitable for the site uses of these recently discovered infestations. Most commercial imported fire ant baits are formulated on a corn grit carrier that, when exposed to moisture, is thought to compromise bait effectiveness. Due to the humid and rainy summer weather in this region, the objective of this study was to determine the acceptance and efficacy of water-soaked ant baits on W. auropunctata, some of which had purported moisture resistance. Bait acceptance tests conducted in the field with dry baits determined that baits containing the active ingredients spinosad and pyriproxyfen were accepted poorly, while W. auropunctata accepted both dry and wet baits containing hydramethylnon, metaflumizone, indoxacarb, and abamectin. Laboratory colonies given access to either dry or wet baits exhibited significant declines in workers, brood, and queens with several colonies being eliminated. The results of this study indicated that water-soaked imported fire ant baits could control W. auropunctata, and moisture exposure did not cause baits to become unpalatable. However, these results should be validated under field conditions, where precipitation may reduce the accessibility of baits to foraging ants. Resumen La pequeña hormiga de fuego, Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), es una hormiga invasora urticante que puede establecer poblaciones dominantes extremadamente grandes en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. En Florida, está bien establecida en el sur y el centro de la Florida con un límite norte hasta el condado de Marion, Florida, EE. UU. Sin embargo, entre el 2018 y 2019 se descubrieron poblaciones que hibernan más al norte, en Gainesville, Florida. Existe la necesidad de desarrollar opciones de manejo efectivas adecuadas para los usos del sitio de estas infestaciones descubiertas recientemente. La mayoría de los cebos comerciales importados para hormigas de fuego están formulados con grano de maíz como portador que cuando se expone a la humedad, se cree que compromete la eficacia del cebo. Debido al clima húmedo y lluvioso del verano en esta región, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la aceptación y eficacia de los cebos para hormigas empapados en agua sobre W. auropunctata, algunos de los cuales tenían supuesta resistencia a la humedad. Las pruebas de aceptación de cebos realizadas en el campo con cebos secos determinaron que los cebos que contenían los ingredientes activos spinosad y pyriproxyfen fueron mal aceptados,","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"105 1","pages":"108 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47079835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity, Repellency, and Laboratory Performance of Consumer Bait Products for German Cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) Management","authors":"A. Appel, B. Dingha, Marla J. Eva, L. Jackai","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Toxicity, repellency, and laboratory performance of consumer bait formulations were evaluated for control of 7 insecticide-resistant, field-collected strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) in continuous exposure and Ebeling choice box assays. Solid and gel baits contained avermectin, dinotefuran, fipronil, or hydramethylnon as active ingredients, and were active for control of all German cockroach strains. However, the laboratory susceptible strain was generally more sensitive (lower median lethal times or LT50 values) than the field-collected strains. Resistance ratios in continuous exposure tests ranged from 0.37 for 0.01% fipronil (strain H) to 14.23 for 0.05% dinotefuran (strain DCC2). The LT50 values for most baits and strains generally were greater when tested in Ebeling choice boxes compared with continuous exposure tests. Resistance ratios ranged as high as 98.43 for 0.05% dinotefuran for control of strain DCC2. All strains had resistance to 0.05% dinotefuran bait, and the resistance ratios were greatest when tested in Ebeling choice boxes. All bait formulations had some repellency to most strains; however, repellency was never greater than 70% for any treatment–strain combination. Combining Ebeling choice box mortality and repellency data, maximum estimated performance index values (PIMax) reached 100, i.e., no repellency and complete mortality, for most treatments. There was not complete mortality of the majority of strains exposed to 0.05% dinotefuran bait and therefore the PIMax value did not reach 100. The rate of increase in performance index value over time or tPImax/2 ranged 0.26 and 7.85 d. Our results indicate that although all baits were toxic to multi-resistant strains of German cockroaches, there was significant resistance or tolerance to many formulations that would likely negatively impact field control. Resumen Se evaluó la toxicidad, repelencia y desempeño en el laboratorio de formulaciones de cebo de consumo para controlar 7 cepas resistentes a insecticidas de la cucaracha alemana, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) y recolectadas en el campo, en exposición continua y ensayos de cuadro de selección de Ebeling. Los cebos sólidos y en gel contenían avermectina, dinotefurano, fipronil o hidrametilnon como ingredientes activos y fueron activos para el control de todas las cepas de cucarachas alemanas. Sin embargo, la cepa susceptible de laboratorio fue generalmente más sensible (tiempos letales medianos o valores TL50 más bajos) que las cepas recolectadas en el campo. Los índices de resistencia en las pruebas de exposición continua oscilaron entre 0,37 para fipronil al 0,01 % (cepa H) y 14,23 para dinotefurano al 0,05 % (cepa DCC2). Los valores LT50 para la mayoría de los cebos y cepas generalmente fueron mayores cuando se probaron en cajas de elección de Ebeling en comparación con las pruebas de exposición continua. Las proporciones de resistencia oscilaron h","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":"29 5","pages":"115 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41302838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}