Experimental pathology最新文献

{"title":"POLYMORPHISM OF TISSUE INHIBITORS OF METALLOPROTEINASE-2 (G303 → A) GENE IN PATIENTS WITH INTESTINAL ANASTOMOTIC LEAK IN UKRAINIAN POPULATION","authors":"Y. Voitiv","doi":"10.24061/1727-4338.XX.1.75.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XX.1.75.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - to analyze the frequency of polymorphic variants of tissue inhibitors ofmetalloproteinase-2 (G303 → A) gene in patients with intestinal anastomotic leak.Material and methods. The object of the study comprises 61 patients with anastomotic leakand connective tissue pathology, who were treated in the department of thoracoabdominalsurgery of Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Transplantology during 2017-2020. Laboratory, genetic, histological studies and statistical analysis were performed.Results. As a result of genetic and statistical analysis of the tissue inhibitors ofmetalloproteinase-2 (G303 → A) gene polymorphisms, genotype variants have beenidentified that are associated with the risk of anastomotic leak in the hollow digestiveorgans. Significant differences in the distribution of genotypes in the studied groupswere revealed. Analysis of the multiplicative model of inheritance of tissue inhibitors ofmetalloproteinase-2 (G303 → A) gene showed compliance of genotype distribution withHardy-Weinberg's law. All models of inheritance were analyzed and the best model withthe lowest Akaike Information Criterion, which turned out to be a recessive model, hasbeen determined.Conclusions. It is statistically significant that in the group of patients with intestinalanastomotic leak the GG variant of the TIMP-2 gene was detected in 1,6 times moreoften. Carriers of minor homozygotes of AA genotype in the group with suture failurewere not detected, while a similar genotype in the control group was found in 10%(p <0,05).","PeriodicalId":12291,"journal":{"name":"Experimental pathology","volume":"363 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78121269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER IN CHILDREN","authors":"T. Sorokman, N.Ya. Cherney","doi":"10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.10","url":null,"abstract":"In the structure of pathology of the digestive organs 1.7–16% constitute peptic ulcerdisease, which in 90% of cases is associated with H.pylori infection.The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of duodenal ulcer inchildren.Material and methods: The study included 60 children at the age of 10 -18 years withHelicobacter pylori-associated duodenal ulcer (DU), who were divided into three groupsof 20 people depending on the treatment regimen (protocol, including the donor of nitrogen monoxide and capillary stabilizing preparation).Results. Complex therapy of the disease in children provides faster positive dynamics ofclinical and endoscopic symptoms, increases the frequency of eradication of Helicobacterpylori, the relative risk of recurrence will decrease by 0.57 times when included in thetreatment regimen of nitrogen oxide donor and 0.66 times when used along with theprotocol scheme of the donor nitrogen oxide and capillarotropic drug.Conclusion. Comprehensive treatment of DU provides more stable results of treatmentand decreases the disease recurrences both in the early and late stages of observation.","PeriodicalId":12291,"journal":{"name":"Experimental pathology","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85230309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR IN ENDOTELIUM OF MYOMETRIAL VESSELS IN THE PROJECTION OF UTEROPLACENTAL BED DURING THE IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY","authors":"О.А. Tiulienieva, I. Davydenko, A. Hoian, S. Yasnikovska","doi":"10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.12","url":null,"abstract":"Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy (IDAP) is one of the most pressing problems ofmodern obstetrics, its frequency in different regions varies in a wide range of 28 –85%. Pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia undergo gestational immaturityin utero-placental bed due to insufficiency of cytotrophoblastic invasion. It is knownthat defective gestational rearrangement of the utero-placental arteries, especiallytheir myometrial segments, is the morphological basis for increasing pressure inthe intervillous space. Immunohistochemical technique for von Willebrand factor inutero-placental bed and myometrium allows to assess the processes of angiogenesisand vasculogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, early and late thrombosis, features of thegestational reorganization of spiral arteries in utero-placental bed.Purpose of the work: to determine the features of von Willebrand factor immunoexpressionin the endothelium of myometrial vessels in the projection of the utero-placental bed iniron deficiency anemia in pregnancy at 37 – 40 weeks of gestation.Material and methods. 58 biopsies of utero-placental bed and myometrium weremorphologically studied after being obtained during caesarean section, observations ofphysiological pregnancy and gestation in conditions of the I - II degree IDAP withoutclinical signs of placental insufficiency. On histological sections were performed: 1)immunohistochemical method for von Willebrand factor; 2) histochemical method forfibrin and collagen fibers by NZ Slinchenko; 3) staining with hematoxylin and eosin.Results. Observations of myometrial biopsies in the projection of utero-placental bedduring pregnancy against a background of IDAP showed a significant increase in theintensity of staining of endotheliocytes of all vessel types: in arteries of women with IDAP of the I degree optical density of staining was 0.451±0.0024 ODU, in conditionsof the II degree IDAP – 0,458±0.0022 ODU; in venous vessels in IDAP of the Idegree optical density was 0,393±0,0026 ODU, in veins of women with IDAP of theII degree – 0,405±0,0022 ODU; in vessels of microcirculation in IDAP of the I degreeimmunoexpression of von Willebrand factor was 0,394±0,0022 ODU, and during IDAPof the II degree – 0,398±0,0025 ODU.Conclusions. During pregnancy against a background of iron deficiency anemia,the utero-placental bed and myometrium have morphological signs of gestationalimmaturity. The growth of von Willebrand factor immunoexpression in endothelialcells, the manifestation of enhanced endothelial cell desquamation and thrombosis atdifferent stages, detected in different types of myometrial vessels, should be regardedas prerequisites for hypoperfusion of utero-placental bed and the development of thedisorders of venous outflow from the placental bed in the uterus.","PeriodicalId":12291,"journal":{"name":"Experimental pathology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89137451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF APONEUROSIS PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH EVENTRATION","authors":"Y. Voitiv, O. Dyadyk","doi":"10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective – to improve the treatment results of patients with eventration by determiningthe role of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in the development of thiscomplication.Material and methods. The object of the study comprises 33 patients with eventrationwho were treated in the department of thoracoabdominal surgery of Shalimov NationalInstitute of Surgery and Transplantology during 2017-2020.Results. At complex pathomorphological research of aponeurosis fragments similarmorphological changes have been revealed in groups of patients with phenotypic signsof undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and eventration. Immunohistochemicalexamination of tissues with monoclonal antibodies to α-SMA revealed uneven, focalexpression in smooth muscle differentiation cells and fibroblasts in both groups. In thestudies with monoclonal antibodies to Collagen IV, moderate positive expression in thebasement membrane of the blood vessels, in smooth muscle cells of the muscular layerof the vascular wall, in areas of the connective tissue was observed, that is a sign ofpathological remodeling of the connective tissue.Conclusions. Similar pathomorphological changes of the aponeurosis in groups withphenotypic signs of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and post-operativeeventration confirm the role of the connective tissue pathology in the development of thiscomplication.","PeriodicalId":12291,"journal":{"name":"Experimental pathology","volume":"77 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90747080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FIBRIN ADHESIVES IN PROTECTION OF DIGESTIVE TRACT ANASTOMOSES (REVIEW OF FOREIGN LITERATURE)","authors":"R. V. Senyutovych, О.І. Ivashchuk, V. Bodyaka, Yu.Ya. Chuprоvska, I. Malyshevsky, С.Ю. Kravchuk, V. Shulgina, I. Halaturnyk","doi":"10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.16","url":null,"abstract":"Data of experimental and clinical studies concerning fibrin adhesives’ use for theprotection of anastomoses of the gastrointestinal tract are submitted in the article.Definite data have not been obtained.Objective. The purpose of this study was to review literature on the protection ofanastomoses of the digestive system by fibrin adhesives. The study was conductedaccording to the Internet data.Conclusion. The given data testify that anastomoses strengthening with fibrin adhesivescan be effective in bariatric surgery. The majority investigations, preferably on rats,are an experimental research. It is premature to give recommendations concerningapplication of fibrin adhesives to strengthen other types of anastomoses. Fibrin adhesives’investigations in strengthening gastrointestinal tract anastomoses represent a perspectivedirection of up-to-date surgery. Significant achievements should to be expected.","PeriodicalId":12291,"journal":{"name":"Experimental pathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86295371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAIN CAUSES OF THE STOMACH CANCER ORIGIN, PRETUMOR NEOPLASM CONDITIONS AND PREVENTION DIRECTIONS","authors":"Т.І. Domanchuk","doi":"10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.14","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents modern data concerning the place of the stomach cancer among othermalignant neoplasms, causes of its rise, methods of diagnostics and prevention. The studyshows the disease incidence indices, the disease detection in Ukraine and other highlydeveloped countries of the European Union and describes the main directions of thescientific investigations and ways to solve the problem of cancer prevention and earlydiagnostics.The purpose of the article is to analyse the literature data as to the stomach cancer placeamong other malignant neoplasms, causes of its rise, methods of the diagnostics andprevention.Conclusion. The organizational and legislative measures, aimed at efficacy increaseof the preventive steps, concerning malignant tumor neoplasms and stomach cancer inparticular, are absolutely necessary in Ukraine. Information about the factors, whichlead to the tumor disease development, not only increases the percentage of the tumorpathology detection on early stages, but significantly promotes individual prophylaxis.","PeriodicalId":12291,"journal":{"name":"Experimental pathology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75912763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE OF ENDONASAL PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS AND PECULIARITIES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT","authors":"О.О. Minaiev","doi":"10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – to study the prevalence of endonasal pathology in patients with chronicdacryocystitis (CD) and to justify the expediency of simultaneous operations in suchpatients.Material and methods. The study included 109 patients with CD, who were examinedand operated on in 2004-2014 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Faculty ofInternship and Postgraduate Education \"Donetsk National Medical University of theMinistry of Health of Ukraine\". Examination of patients included consultation with anophthalmologist, lavage of the lacrimal ducts, endoscopy of the nasal cavity, computedtomography. All patients underwent tearing by performing endonasal endoscopicdacryocystorhinostomy (EEDCR).Results. Endonasal pathology was detected in 85.3% of patients: curvature of the nasalseptum - in 71.6% of patients, hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate - in 59.6%, bulloushypertrophy of the middle turbinate - in 5.5%, hypertrophy of the uncinate process- in 6.4%, hyperpneumatization of Agger nasi cells - in 14.7% of patients. The mostcommon combination was curvature of the nasal septum and hypertrophy of the inferiorturbinates - in 56.0% of cases. Inflammatory pathology in the paranasal sinuses wasin 38.5% of cases: ethmoiditis - in 26.6% of patients, maxillary sinusitis - in 13.8%,sphenoiditis - in 1.8% of patients. In 94.6% of patients, the correction of intranasalpathology was performed simultaneously with EEDCR. In 6.4% of these patients therewere complications - nosebleeding after removal of tampons. Simultaneous operationsdid not significantly increase the percentage and variants of complications comparedwith isolated endonasal operations.Conclusion. The vast majority of patients with chronic dacryocystitis have pathologyof the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, which may contribute to the developmentof dacryocystitis and relapse of the disease after operation. Surgical correction ofconcomitant endonasal pathology in patients with chronic dacryocystitis should beperformed simultaneously with endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.","PeriodicalId":12291,"journal":{"name":"Experimental pathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84242617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS","authors":"I. A. Malishevsky","doi":"10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – to determine the statistical and epidemiological parameters of malignantneoplasms of the abdominal cavity organs.Material and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the Chernivtsi RegionalClinical Oncological Dispensary and covers observation materials during 2019 andstatistical reporting concerning 21259 patients with tumors of various localization. The calculation of indices was carried out using software packages MS Access and MS Excelbased on the Microsoft Office medium.Results. Neoplasms of the abdominal organs account for 32.4%-37.1% of the totalnumber of neoplasms of various localization. The distribution of patients with malignantdiseases of the abdominal organs by developmental stages is relatively uniform, despitesignificant differences in various localizations of neoplasmsConclusions. Malignant neoplasms of the abdominal organs account for 32.4%(registered) and 37.1% of the newly diagnosed of the total number of tumors of variouslocalization, indicating the importance of further research. A significant part of tumors ofthe abdominal cavity organs are diagnosed in the late (III-IV) stages of the pathologicalprocess development (up to 94.7% in the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract). Therevealed significant differences in clinical and epidemiological characteristics requirefurther research.","PeriodicalId":12291,"journal":{"name":"Experimental pathology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77487232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED CARDIAC FUNCTION IN UP-TO-DATE CLINICAL PRACTICE","authors":"V. Tashchuk, R. Nesterovska, V. Kalarash","doi":"10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.11","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – to investigate the distribution of hematological indices in patients withcardiac insufficiency.Material and methods. Data of 26 case histories with diagnosis of IHD have beenanalyzed. Patients with stable angina pectoris of II-III functional class (FC), Diffusecardiosclerosis, complicated in 17 patients with syndromic manifestations of HF II-IIIFC according to New York Heart Association (NYHA), made up group 1, and 9 patientswithout CH -group 2. Of the group 1 surveyed, there were 8 men and 9 women. Ratioindex of leucocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): L/ESR=L×ESR/100;Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio index (N/Li); Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio index (Li / Mo);Lymphocyte to eosinophil index (Li/ E) was used among hematological markers.Results. Analyzing the haemogram data, it was found that group 1 patients, unlike group2 patients, had a significantly higher overall white blood cell count (7,96±1,73) × 109and (4,22 ± 0,24) × 109; p<0,05 due to the number of neutrophils (69,41 ± 6,21) % ascompared to group 2 (51,78±1,79)%; p<0,05 as well as a lower level of lymphocyteswas defined in group 1 (22,06±4,07)% versus group 2 (38,55±1,01)%; p<0,05. In genderstudies, men show elevated levels of eosinophils (4,12±0,83)%, as opposed to women(1,56±0,73) %; p<0,05 and lower level of lymphocytes (18,38±1,69)% versus (25,33±2,24)%; p<0,05 and women had a high level of total white blood cells (9,36±0,66) ×109 thanmen (6,36±0,99)×109; p<0,05, in particular lymphocytes. Analysis of hematologicalindices showed that there was a statistically significant difference in determining theN / Li index, which was increased in group 1 patients (3,28±0,78) у.о versus group 2(1,34±0,05) у.о, p<0,05.Conclusion. In gender comparisons, there is an increase in lymphocytes among womencompared to men, so we can assume that women are less susceptible to systemicinflammation. The increase in the N/Li index ratio is due to severe cardiovascularconsequences among patients with coronary heart disease complicated by heart failure.","PeriodicalId":12291,"journal":{"name":"Experimental pathology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80334205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHROMOSOMAL PATHOLOGY MARKERS IN FETUS AT THE AGE OF 10-13 WEEKS + 6 DAYS","authors":"N. Prokopchuk, O. Antonyuk, Yu. A. Ivanov, M. Nikolenko","doi":"10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XIX.4.74.2020.8","url":null,"abstract":"The most complete information about chromosomal pathology presence in fetuses of thefirst trimester of pregnancy is provided by the use of complex markers: PAPP-A (plasmaprotein-A associated with pregnancy) + free β-hCG (human β chorionic gonadotropin)ultrasound (CP - collar space + nasal bone) for the 10-14th week of development.Purpose of the work – determination of the risk of chromosomal pathology in fetuses inthe first trimester of pregnancy based on markers: biochemical testing of PAPP + freeβ-hCG from the 10-14th week of pregnancy; Ultrasound investigation (US): measurementof the collar space and nasal bone presence.Material and methods: 258 pregnant women with a high risk of chromosomalabnormalities in the first trimester were examined by means of markers: biochemicaltesting of PAPP + free β-hCG and measurements of the collar space. The values ofthe measured markers are expressed as a constituent of the expected median for thecorresponding gestational term. Medians, the 5th and 95th percentiles, percentage outsidethe expected 5th and 95th percentiles, as well as percentage outside the expected 5th /95th percentiles to establish fetal pathology. The study was performed on an ultrasoundscanner Voluson Expert 8 using a transducer with 3-4D transabdominal RAB 4-8D, RAB6-D, and transvaginal RIC 5-9D. Medical Center \"EKHOMED\" is engaged in expertultrasound envestigations, as well as invasive examinations, which are required for verification of fetal pathology, is the base of Danylo Halytsky Lviv Medical University,DPGE, Department of Radiation Diagnostics.Results. The analysis was carried out in 258 pregnant women with a high risk ofchromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester using markers: biochemical testing ofPAPP + free β-hCG from 10-14 weeks of pregnancy; measurement of the collar spacethickness and visualization or absence of the nasal bone. The pathology is increasedexponentially with the collar space from 0.2% for those fetuses whose thickness isbetween the 5th and 95th centiles, up to 65% for a thickness of 6.5 mm or more. Inthe group of fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities, about 50% have trisomies 21,25% have trisomies 18 or trisomies 13, 10% have Turner syndrome, 5% have triploidy,and 10% have other chromosomal abnormalities. The combination of collar size andPAPP-A and free ß-hCG testing results in a sensitivity of over 90% and a specificity ofover 95%. The rate of false positives is reduced from 3.0% to 2.5%.Conclusions. The thickness of the collar space in chromosomal abnormalities growsexponentially with the thickness of the collar space from 0.2% for those fetuses whosethickness is between the 5th and 95th centile, up to 65% with a collar space thicknessof 6.5 mm or more. In the group of fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities, about 50%have trisomies 21, 25% have trisomies 18 or 13, 10% have Turner's syndrome, 5% havetriploidy, and 10% have other chromosomal abnormalities. The combination of the sizeof the collar space a","PeriodicalId":12291,"journal":{"name":"Experimental pathology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85458437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}