Fire最新文献_第7页

Upgrading Carthamus by HTC: Improvement of Combustion Properties 用 HTC 对胡麻进行升级：改善燃烧特性

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3390/fire7040106

José Manuel Díaz-Rasero, B. Ledesma, María Alonso, Silvia Román

引用次数: 0

Performance Evaluation of Cable Shaft Fireproof Sealing System in High-Rise Buildings: A Comparative Test Method 高层建筑电缆井防火密封系统的性能评估：比较试验方法

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3390/fire7030102

Bizhen Zhang, Shengwen Shu, Zhicong Zheng, Bo Qu, Xin Li, Xingyao Xiang, Shuai Xia

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Cable Shaft Fireproof Sealing System in High-Rise Buildings: A Comparative Test Method","authors":"Bizhen Zhang, Shengwen Shu, Zhicong Zheng, Bo Qu, Xin Li, Xingyao Xiang, Shuai Xia","doi":"10.3390/fire7030102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7030102","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of fireproof sealing systems in preventing the spread of fire in high-rise building cable shafts relies on the properties of various sealing materials and the construction process. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation is necessary. The authors of this paper propose a comparative test method based on an entity test platform for a performance evaluation of cable shaft fireproof sealing systems in high-rise buildings. The test platform measures changes in temperature, humidity, and smoke mass during fire tests to compare the performance of four sets of fireproof sealing systems in terms of thermal insulation, smoke sealing capacity, and overall integrity. In addition, a fire dynamics simulation (FDS) of fireproof sealing systems was carried out on the entity test platform, and the sealing failure process in the case of cracking in the fireproof sealing system was revealed. The simulation results for the temperature trends in the lower space align with the fire test results. Furthermore, as the gap size increases, the diffusion of smoke and flame accelerates. Consequently, the performance of cable shaft fireproof sealing systems depends not only on the sealing material but also on the construction process.","PeriodicalId":12279,"journal":{"name":"Fire","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Different Time Step Sizes on Pedestrian Evacuation Time under Emergencies Such as Fires Using an Extended Cellular Automata Model 使用扩展蜂窝自动机模型计算不同时间步长对火灾等紧急情况下行人疏散时间的影响

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3390/fire7030100

Hongpeng Qiu, Xuanwen Liang, Qian Chen, Eric W.M. Lee

{"title":"Effect of Different Time Step Sizes on Pedestrian Evacuation Time under Emergencies Such as Fires Using an Extended Cellular Automata Model","authors":"Hongpeng Qiu, Xuanwen Liang, Qian Chen, Eric W.M. Lee","doi":"10.3390/fire7030100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7030100","url":null,"abstract":"The cellular automata (CA) model has been a meaningful way to study pedestrian evacuation during emergencies, such as fires, for many years. Although the time step used in the CA model is one of the most essential elements, there is a lack of research on its impact on evacuation time. In this paper, we set different time step sizes in an extended cellular automaton model and discuss the effect of time step size on the overall evacuation time under different emergency types and levels. For a fixed step time mode, the larger the time step, the longer the evacuation time. In each time step size, the evacuation time gradually increases with the increase of emergency level, and there is a sharp increase when the time for pedestrians to move one step is exactly an integer multiple of the time step. When there is no friction between pedestrians, the evacuation time at each time step first decreases slightly with the increase of emergency level and then remains unchanged; the larger the time step, when the evacuation time remains unchanged, the lower the emergency level and the greater the evacuation time. For the variable time step model, when the friction between pedestrians approaches infinity, the total evacuation time does not change with the emergency level; when the friction between pedestrians is reduced, the total evacuation time slightly decreases with the increase of the emergency level. The less friction there is, the more significant the reduction. The results of previous actual experiments are also reflected in the simulation at a lower emergency level. The result shows that the time step size significantly impacts the evacuation simulation results of the CA model, and researchers should choose carefully to obtain more realistic simulation results.","PeriodicalId":12279,"journal":{"name":"Fire","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Experimental Analysis of a Nuclear-Grade Cable Based on Fire Combustion Characteristics and Pyrolysis Behavior 基于火灾燃烧特性和热解行为的核级电缆实验分析

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3390/fire7030101

Qiang Shi, Jiaxu Zuo, Wei Song, Fang Jing

{"title":"An Experimental Analysis of a Nuclear-Grade Cable Based on Fire Combustion Characteristics and Pyrolysis Behavior","authors":"Qiang Shi, Jiaxu Zuo, Wei Song, Fang Jing","doi":"10.3390/fire7030101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7030101","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear power fire protection is an important part of nuclear safety, and strengthening fire protection technology research is essential for improving nuclear safety and fire protection. The operating platform inside a containment structure is one important element in fire risk evaluation in nuclear power plants. In this paper, a combustible nuclear-grade cable in a fire scenario was firstly selected as the research object, and then the nuclear-grade cable was separately subjected to a combustion test as well as a thermogravimetric test in order to obtain the relevant thermal parameters, which provide more accurate data support for the establishment of a cable fire development and spread model. The nuclear-grade cable material data obtained from the test were compared with a civil PVC cable in order to conduct a specific analysis of the fire risk of nuclear-grade cables. This study shows that the effects of different heating rates and heating atmospheres on the thermal decomposition behavior of cable materials are meaningful and helpful in understanding whether the materials will undergo combustion processes at high temperatures and whether fire spread will occur.","PeriodicalId":12279,"journal":{"name":"Fire","volume":"84 s371","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mitigating Coal Spontaneous Combustion Risk within Goaf of Gob-Side Entry Retaining by Roof Cutting: Investigation of Air Leakage Characteristics and Effective Plugging Techniques 通过顶板截割降低煤层中的煤炭自燃风险：漏风特性和有效堵漏技术研究

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.3390/fire7030098

Zhipeng Zhang, Xiaokun Chen, Zhijin Yu, Hao Sun, Dewei Huang, Jiangle Wu, Hao Zhang

{"title":"Mitigating Coal Spontaneous Combustion Risk within Goaf of Gob-Side Entry Retaining by Roof Cutting: Investigation of Air Leakage Characteristics and Effective Plugging Techniques","authors":"Zhipeng Zhang, Xiaokun Chen, Zhijin Yu, Hao Sun, Dewei Huang, Jiangle Wu, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.3390/fire7030098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7030098","url":null,"abstract":"Relative to conventional coal pillar retention mining technology (the 121 mining method), gob-side entry retaining by cutting roof (the 110 mining method), a non-pillar mining technique, efficiently addresses issues like poor coal resource recovery and significant rock burst damage. Nonetheless, the open-type goaf created by 110 mining techniques suffers from complex and significant air leaks, increasing the likelihood of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) within the gob area. To address the CSC problem caused by complex air leakage within the goaf of gob-side entry retaining by roof cutting, this study takes the 17202 working face of Dongrong Second Coal Mine as the object of study. Field tests and simulation calculations are conducted to research the features of air leakage and the distribution of the oxidation zone within the goaf. Subsequently, plugging technology with varying plugging lengths is proposed and implemented. The tests and simulations reveal that the airflow migration within the goaf follows an L-shaped pattern, while air leakage primarily originates from gaps found in the gob-side entry retaining wall. The amount of air leaking into the gob-side entry retaining section is 171.59 m3/min, which represents 7.3% of the overall airflow. The maximum oxidation zone within the goaf ranges from 58.7 m to 151.8 m. After the air leakage is blocked, the airflow migration route within the goaf is transformed into a U-shaped distribution, and the maximum oxidation zone range changes from 42.8 m to 80.7 m. Engineering practice demonstrates that after air leakage plugging, the total air leakage volume within the gob-side entry retaining section significantly reduces to 20.59 m3/min, representing only 0.78% of the total airflow volume. This research provides reference on how to prevent the occurrence of CSC in similar mine goafs.","PeriodicalId":12279,"journal":{"name":"Fire","volume":"29 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elucidating the Mechanisms of Reactions in Energetic Materials: A Critical Methodology Review 阐明高能材料的反应机制：重要方法论综述

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.3390/fire7030099

Kinga Łysień, Tomasz Jarosz, Karolina Głosz, A. Stolarczyk

引用次数: 0

Preparation and Characterization of Microencapsulated Ammonium Polyphosphate with Polyurethane Shell and Its Flame Retardance in Polypropylene 聚氨酯外壳微胶囊聚磷酸铵的制备和特性及其在聚丙烯中的阻燃性能

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/fire7030097

Thuy Tien Nguyen Thanh, Ziya Yusifov, Bence Tóth, K. Bocz, Péter Márton, Zoltán Hórvölgyi, György Marosi, B. Szolnoki

引用次数: 0

Influence of Fires on Desert Plant Communities at the Chernye Zemli (SW Russia) 火灾对切尔诺耶泽姆利（俄罗斯西南部）沙漠植物群落的影响

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-17 DOI: 10.3390/fire7030096

G. Klink, S. Lednev, I. Semenkov, M. Konyushkova, A. Karpachevskiy, M. M. Chemidov, Svetlana S. Ulanova, Natal’ya L. Fedorova, A. Sharapova, Sergey A. Bogun, Tatyana V. Koroleva

{"title":"Influence of Fires on Desert Plant Communities at the Chernye Zemli (SW Russia)","authors":"G. Klink, S. Lednev, I. Semenkov, M. Konyushkova, A. Karpachevskiy, M. M. Chemidov, Svetlana S. Ulanova, Natal’ya L. Fedorova, A. Sharapova, Sergey A. Bogun, Tatyana V. Koroleva","doi":"10.3390/fire7030096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7030096","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the rate and direction of pyrogenic succession in arid ecosystems, which depends on many factors, including the intensity of grazing and the frequency of pyrogenic expo-sure, will allow for more accurate predictions of the consequences of fire onplant communities, and will assist with better fire management. We studied the vegetation on 55 sites in and near the “Chernye Zemli” Natural Biosphere Reserve that burned at different times or were not affected by fires over the past 35 years and characterized the changes in vegetation cover associated with the impact of wildfire and grazing. The descriptions were grouped into chronological stages according to the time elapsed since the last fire, or into groups according to the frequency of fires. In pairwise comparison of the projective cover of plant species between chronological stages, it correlated most strongly between successive initial stages (for stages 1 and 2, p = 0.003, r = 0.73; for stages 2 and 3, p < 0.001, r = 0.78). Species with an initially higher projective cover were more likely to grow on plots in the first year after the fire: p < 0.03. Plots with rare and frequent fires had similar projective cover of individual species (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). We conclude that in the course of pyrogenic succession, communities are gradually replaced over at least ten years. At the same time, the composition of a plant community at the initial point of succession depends on the prevalence of species in the community before the fire. No fundamental effect of the frequency of fires on the composition of plant communities has been revealed.","PeriodicalId":12279,"journal":{"name":"Fire","volume":"71 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on the Inhibitory Effect of Hydrated Phase Change Materials on Spontaneous Combustion in Coal 水合相变材料对煤炭自燃的抑制作用研究

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-17 DOI: 10.3390/fire7030095

Fanghua Wu, Shiliang Shi, Shuzhen Shao, Yi Lu, Wangxin Gu, Youliang Wang, Xindi Yuan

{"title":"Research on the Inhibitory Effect of Hydrated Phase Change Materials on Spontaneous Combustion in Coal","authors":"Fanghua Wu, Shiliang Shi, Shuzhen Shao, Yi Lu, Wangxin Gu, Youliang Wang, Xindi Yuan","doi":"10.3390/fire7030095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7030095","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the effect of hydrated phase change materials on the suppression of spontaneous combustion in coal, a thermogravimetric experiment and a reaction activation energy analysis experiment were conducted to explore the changes in the combustion characteristic parameters, characteristic temperature, and activating energy of gas coal, long-flame coal, meagre coal, and lean coal before and after adding hydrated phase change materials. The research results indicated that hydrated phase change materials increased the characteristic temperature point of the coal samples and had effective inhibitory effects on different stages of the oxidation process. However, the effect was best at low temperatures, as hydrated phase change materials undergo phase change and absorb heat when heated at low temperatures, isolating coal from contact with oxygen. The activating energy increased by 1.138–23.048 KJ·mol−1 and the mass loss was reduced by 1.6%–9.3% after inhibition of the coal samples, indicating that the oxidation rate of the various coal samples was slowed down and, thus, spontaneous combustion can be suppressed through the use of hydrated phase change materials. At the same time, this material reduced the combustibility indices of meagre coal and lean coal, as well as the comprehensive combustion indices of long-flame coal and gas coal.","PeriodicalId":12279,"journal":{"name":"Fire","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decolonising Fire Science by Reexamining Fire Management across Contested Landscapes: A Workshop Approach 通过重新审视有争议地貌的火灾管理，实现火灾科学的非殖民化：研讨会方法

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.3390/fire7030094

Abigail R. Croker, Adriana E. S. Ford, Y. Kountouris, Jay Mistry, Amos Chege Muthiuru, Cathy Smith, Elijah Praise, David O. Chiawo, Veronica Muniu

{"title":"Decolonising Fire Science by Reexamining Fire Management across Contested Landscapes: A Workshop Approach","authors":"Abigail R. Croker, Adriana E. S. Ford, Y. Kountouris, Jay Mistry, Amos Chege Muthiuru, Cathy Smith, Elijah Praise, David O. Chiawo, Veronica Muniu","doi":"10.3390/fire7030094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7030094","url":null,"abstract":"In many landscapes worldwide, fire regimes and human–fire interactions were reorganised by colonialism and continue to be shaped by neo-colonial processes. The introduction of fire suppression policies and state-centric property-rights systems across conservation areas and the intentional erasure of Indigenous governance systems and knowledge have served to decouple Indigenous fire-dependent communities from culturally mediated fire regimes and fire-adapted landscapes. This has driven a decline in anthropogenic fires while simultaneously increasing wildfire risk where Indigenous people have been excluded, resulting in widespread social–ecological vulnerabilities. Much contemporary fire research also bears colonial legacies in its epistemological traditions, in the global geographical distribution of research institutions, and the accessibility of research outputs. We report on a two-day workshop titled ‘Fire Management Across Contested Landscapes’ convened concurrently in Nairobi, Kenya, and London, UK. The workshop formed part of a series of workshops on ‘Decolonising Fire Science’ held by the Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, UK. The workshop in Nairobi invited diverse Kenyan stakeholders to engage in participatory activities that facilitate knowledge sharing, aiming to establish an inclusive working fire network. Activities included rich pictures, world café discussions, participatory art, and the co-development of a declaration to guide fire management in Kenya. Meanwhile, in London, Leverhulme Wildfires researchers explored participatory research methodologies including rich pictures and participatory video, and developed a declaration to guide more equitable research. There were opportunities throughout the workshop for participants in Nairobi and London to engage in dialogue with one another, sharing their experiences and understandings of complex fire challenges in Kenya and globally.","PeriodicalId":12279,"journal":{"name":"Fire","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0