Folia Horticulturae最新文献

{"title":"Meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility of F1, F2 and BC1 progenies of Iris dichotoma and I. domestica","authors":"Wenji Xu, Gang-jun Luo, Xiaoyin Lian, Feng-yang Yu, Yang Zheng, J. Lei, Xiaoying Bi","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pollen characteristics are very important for Iris interspecific hybridisation. In this study, the pollen viability and male meiosis were studied in yellow-flowered Iris dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrids F1, F2 and BC1 (BC1-Y and BC1-S). The BC1-Y hybrids showed higher pollen viability than that of F1, F2 and BC1-S hybrids, which were between I. dichotoma (26.1%) and I. domestica (35.1%). Two sterile hybrids, F2-1 and BC1-S-1, exhibited more meiotic abnormalities (57.3% and 58.7%) than other individuals. During the first meiotic division, a diffuse diplotene stage was observed for the first time in the genus Iris. The meiotic abnormalities included non-congressed chromosomes, chromosome bridges, lagging chromosomes, unequal division, abnormally oriented spindle fibres, nonsynchronous division and polyad, and resulted in reduced pollen fertility. The relatively high frequency of 2n pollen grains was found in hybrids of BC1-Y-2, BC1-Y-1, BC1-S-2, BC1-S-3 and BC1-S-4. Our research provides a new resource for meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility of the genus Iris.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45768512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and structure analysis of Croatian garlic collection assessed by SSR markers","authors":"D. Poljuha, M. Franić, Ines Kralj, T. Weber, Z. Šatović, D. Ban, N. Toth, G. Dumičić, S. Kereša, Camila Pinto da Cunha, S. G. Goreta Ban","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines genetic diversity and structure of a Croatian garlic germplasm collection using 13 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 71 alleles were observed across 64 accessions representing 3 Croatian regions (Istria, Dalmatia and continental Croatia) and 16 foreign landraces, with an average of 5.46 alleles per locus. Among the 80 accessions analysed, 61 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLG) were identified, of which 51 represented unique genotypes and the remaining accessions were divided into 10 MLG groups, comprising potential duplicates or redundant genotypes. Model-based Bayesian and hierarchical UPGMA clustering approaches revealed five major groups within the collection which partially correlated with geographical origin. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the majority (87.71%) of the total molecular diversity is within the Croatian groups of accessions, even though a significant share (12.29%) of diversity derived from genetic diversity among groups. These results support regional structuring, as well as the existence of significant diversity within local populations. This study is the first comprehensive report on an extensive evaluation of genetic resources of garlic maintained by Croatia with the aim of setting the course for future preservation strategies with particular emphasis on the value of diversity in the context of climate change both on macro and micro levels.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47542540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of quinoa cv. ‘Titicaca’ to low salinity conditions","authors":"M. Rodríguez-Hernández, Luna Morcillo, I. Garmendia","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will.) is an annual herbaceous Andean plant. In recent years there is a growing interest on it due to its high quality as food, its wide adaptation to agroecological conditions and resistance to different abiotic stresses. In this work, we evaluate the growth pattern of quinoa plants cv. ‘Titicaca’, subjected to different levels of salinity, focusing on leaf production and nutrient content. In this sense, the results have shown that a high concentration of salinity negatively affects the growth of quinoa plants. In fact, plants grown with 200 mM NaCl reduced the photosynthetic rate and levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids in comparison with the rest of the treatments. Likewise, it has been proven how the progressive increase in salinity has negative effects on transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, with significant subsequent reductions in shoot biomass, leaf area and nutrient adquisition, but without a decline in leaf dry weight (DW) production. However, the treatment of 200 mM NaCl demonstrated the best results regarding the water-use efficiency, as well as the number of saline glands. According to our results, the quinoa plant cv. ‘Titicaca’ seems to be tolerant to moderate concentrations of salinity (50–100 mM NaCl). This study could serve as a reference on this little known and cultivated species in the Mediterranean region, since it could become an alternative crop in areas with moderate salinity problems.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48972960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine reduce time to flowering and improve flower quality of Laelia anceps","authors":"O. Tejeda-Sartorius, H. Vaquera-Huerta, L. Trejo-Téllez, R. Soto-Hernández, J. Sánchez-Escudero","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The efficacy of plant growth regulators (PGRs) has been demonstrated in the flowering of economically significant orchid hybrids, but studies of their effects in wild species with commercial potential are scarce. The effect of three doses of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzyladenine (BA), individually or in combination, and a control without PGRs, were evaluated during three flowering periods in Laelia anceps subsp. anceps, in the temporal behavior of flowering, morpho-floral quality parameters and in potential residual effects and malformations. Significant effects were observed between the experimental periods and doses used, with a single application of PGRs in the first period reducing the days to visible flower induction (DVFI), days to anthesis (DAN) and days of flower life (DFL), mainly in the first period. There were no significant differences between doses for morpho-floral quality parameters within each period, but differences existed between experimental periods, where the life and size of the flower increased in the first period, and the number of flowers and flower stems increased significantly in the second period. The doses of 2.37 mg · L−1 BA + 100 mg · L−1 GA3 showed highest significant consistency in the reduction of DVFI, DAN and increase of DFL and flower stems in the study. There were no floral malformations, and a positive residual effect was observed in temporal variables in the second period. Most of the doses used encourage beneficial effects in the various aspects of flowering evaluated.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69207434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between salicylic acid and resistance to mite in strawberry","authors":"J. T. Vilela de Resende, R. Matos, D. Zeffa, L. Constantino, S. M. Alves, M. U. Ventura, N. C. Resende, K. Youssef","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) Tetranychus urticae is a polyphagous pest which infests several wild and cultivated species of plants worldwide. To date, this mite is the most deleterious pest attacking the strawberry plant under a protected environment. Exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA) has been found to induce resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Morpho-anatomical changes in strawberry leaflets and TSSM preference tests were investigated in response to SA treatment. Plants grown in a greenhouse were foliar sprayed with different concentrations of SA (0 mg · L−1, 25 mg · L−1, 50 mg · L−1, 75 mg · L−1 and 100 mg · L−1). After the third application, certain parameters including the number of glandular and non-glandular trichomes, thickness of leaflet, abaxial cell wall, adaxial cell wall, palisade and lacunous parenchyma and mesophyll were measured using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Two-choice and non-choice assays were employed to verify the TSSM preference. Exogenous treatment with SA promoted morpho-anatomical changes in the following parameters, namely: thickness of the leaflets, mesophyll, lacunous and palisade parenchyma, cell wall (abaxial and adaxial) and the number of glandular and non-glandular trichomes in strawberry leaflets. In general, TSSM preferred less leaflets treated with SA compared with the control in a two-choice assay. A lesser number of TSSM eggs and live females were also recorded in leaflets treated with SA compared with the control plants in no-choice assays. The values of the number of eggs and live females correlated negatively with those obtained for the morpho-anatomical traits induced by exogenous SA.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42391724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and biochemical variations induced by synergy of salicylic acid and zinc in cockscomb","authors":"A. Shoaib, M. Ferdosi, M. Saleem, Shabnam Javed","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Celosia argentea var. cristata is an edible plant mainly cultivated as an ornament for its spectacular flowering and is highly appreciated by horticulturists for its originality, unique appearance of flower and better vase life. Utilisation of plant growth regulator [salicylic acid (SA)] and mineral nutrition [zinc (Zn)] is a sustainable approach to ameliorate crop health and yield. A field experiment was performed on a randomised complete block design with 12 treatments in 36 blocks to investigate the effectiveness of the combined application of SA (50 ppm and 100 ppm) and Zn (ZnSO4: 0.5 ppm, 1.5 ppm and 2.5 ppm) as well as when each one is applied separately on vegetative, reproductive, physiochemical attributes in C. argentea var. cristata. Results analysed through Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test, biplot and heat map indicated a significantly greater improvement up to 2.5 folds in the growth attributes when plants received foliar application of 100 ppm of SA combined with 2.5 ppm of Zn as compared to control group. All treatments modified the physiobiochemical responses of plants by lowering catalase (CAT) activity significantly, and enhancing photosynthetic pigments, total protein content and peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities as compared to the control group. It was concluded that foliar application of SA (100 ppm) + Zn (2.5 ppm) at pre-flowering stage could be applied to obtain better growth and flower quality in cockscomb.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41718779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterisation and population structure analysis of Anatolian figs (Ficus carica L.) by SSR markers","authors":"A. Ergül, Burcu Pelin Büyük, N. Hazrati, F. Yilmaz, K. Kazan, Nur Arslan, C. Y. Özmen, Semra Aydin, M. Bakır, N. Tan, İ. Kösoğlu, F. Çobanoğlu","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The common fig (Ficus carica L.) is a tree species and is one of the oldest fruit trees cultivated in Turkey. The Western Anatolian region of Turkey produces nearly a quarter of the total dried fig production of the world. This region also harbours a rich fig germplasm. However, so far this germplasm has remained largely uncharacterised. In this study, using 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs, we analysed a total of 310 fig accessions from six different regions of Anatolia. In structure analyses, Western Anatolian accessions formed a group, which was correlated with their geographical distribution. In addition, 7 identical, 36 synonymous, and 22 homonymous fig accessions were identified. In multilocus lineages (MLLs) analysis a total of 54 accessions were matched to different accessions as clone assignment. The results will facilitate future germplasm management and breeding efforts in this economically important tree species by identifying genetic diversity, genetic relations and characterising the structure of studied populations and accessions.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42643871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of supplemental lighting using HPS and LED lamps with different light spectra on growth and yield of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) during winter cultivation in greenhouse","authors":"J. Treder, A. Borkowska, W. Treder, K. Sikorska-Zimny","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the experiment was to assess the effects of supplemental lighting of cucumber grown in greenhouse using lamps with differentiated light spectra: sodium lamps – high-pressure sodium (HPS) and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Plants (cucumber ‘Pacto’ F1) were grown in two greenhouse compartments with five light treatments: I – HPS + LED (top light with HPS LEDs as interlighting), II – only HPS as top light, III – LED R (LED chips on board (COB) type with an increased level of red band), IV – LED W (LED COB type, white), V – LED B (LED COB type with an increased level of blue spectrum). Light treatments: HPS + LEDs and HPS were grown in one greenhouse compartment and the other three light treatments: LED R (red light supplementation), LED W (without additional supplementation) and LED B (red spectrum supplementation) in the second compartment in analogous climatic conditions. The LED lamps using COB technology are known to be a very efficient source of light. Plants were cultivated from December 2018 to March 2019 in mineral wool slabs Grotop Master (100 × 15 × 10) with four plants on one mat. They were illuminated for 18 h (from 5 am to 11 pm), setting the threshold value (on and off) at 130 W. The plants were drip-irrigated with a complete nutrient solution. The irrigation was controlled based on a weighting system. The assessment of the effect of lighting on early yield and quality of cucumbers was completed after 8 weeks of cropping. It was shown that it was possible to obtain 3.59 kg from one plant during the 8-week period of evaluation by illuminating plants with sodium lamps (HPS), while using HPS and LEDs as additional illuminated inter-rows 3.89 kg. The yield of plants illuminated by LED lamps varied depending on the variant of the spectrum used and was respective for LED R, LED W and LED B, 3.30 kg, 3.90 kg and 3.25 kg. The obtained results indicated that the yield of cucumber ‘Pacto’ F1 grown with HPS lamps at top lighting and at the same time using interlighting with LED lamps was similar to LED W lamps (i.e. without additional supplementation in the range of red (LED R) and blue (LED B) light). Due to good results of LED lamps (type COB for top lighting or as interlighting) used for the cucumber supplemental lighting and high energy efficiency of LEDs, the promising future for that type of lamps compared with traditionally used HPS during winter cultivation in a greenhouse was demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42774591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring wild edible flowers as a source of bioactive compounds: New perspectives in horticulture","authors":"S. Demasi, M. Caser, D. Donno, S. Enri, M. Lonati, V. Scariot","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increasing interest in healthy and natural foods has raised the attention towards uncommon or unexplored ingredients, such as edible flowers. These products are proven to be a rich source of bioactive compounds, for example, vitamins or polyphenols that play an important role in health promotion and disease prevention. However, plant species with edible flowers are numerous and most of them still need to be studied with this aim. The high species richness of North-Western Italy provides interesting perspectives in the use of wild edible flowers, which are currently underutilized, but can be a valuable food source or food supplement for healthy diets. In this framework, the phytochemical composition of 22 wild edible flowers was analysed and compared with that of four cultivated species (Borago officinalis L., Calendula officinalis L., Tagetes patula L. and Tropaeolum majus L.) to evaluate their potentiality as sources of bioactive compounds. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the fresh flowers were assessed, together with their phenolic profiles and vitamin C content, through spectrophotometric and chromatographic analyses. The evaluated parameters varied widely among species, with Paeonia officinalis L. and Rosa pendulina L. showing the highest values of polyphenols (1,930 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) · 100 g−1 and 1,774 mg GAE · 100 g−1, respectively), followed by Rosa canina L. (1,397 mg GAE · 100 g−1) and Geranium sylvaticum L. (1,268 mg GAE · 100 g−1). The same species also showed the highest antioxidant activity, measured with three different assays [ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)]. The phenolic profile differed among the studied species, with Dianthus pavonius Tausch and R. pendulina having the highest sum of detected polyphenols (2,522 mg · 100 g−1 and 2,366 mg · 100 g−1, respectively). Vitamin C was identified in all but two flowers (Allium ursinum L. and B. officinalis) and Primula veris L. had the highest amount (45 mg · 100 g−1). The study showed that wild edible flowers outperformed the cultivated species, except for T. majus, providing new insights for the use of wild edible flowers as sources of bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47546833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need for a coordinated action to elucidate ecological occurrence and functions of endophytic fungal communities","authors":"R. Nicoletti, F. Vinale","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research concerning endophytic fungi has recently received a remarkable boost following a general trend to investigate and exploit biodiversity in all its forms, and because of the easier access to equipment and methods, which enables quicker identification procedures. The available data highlight that, besides the plant hosts, endophytes consistently interact with the other components of biocoenosis, and that the assortment of the microbial consortium is also to be considered on account of the reciprocal influence between the several species which are part of it. Unravelling these complex ecological relationships is fundamental because of possible translational applications, particularly regarding crop management. However, this requires that the available information concerning plant species, ecological contexts or functional categories of endophytes is examined fully. In this aim, a coordinated effort appears to be necessary to organise the current knowledge to increase the significance and the practical impact of new findings.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41787908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}