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Changes in soil hydraulic properties due to organic amendment 有机改进剂对土壤水力特性的影响
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.25
H. Bayabil, Fitsum T. Teshome, Niguss Solomon Hailegnaw, Jian Zhang, Yuncong C. Li
{"title":"Changes in soil hydraulic properties due to organic amendment","authors":"H. Bayabil, Fitsum T. Teshome, Niguss Solomon Hailegnaw, Jian Zhang, Yuncong C. Li","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect of milorganite, a commercially available organic soil amendment, on soil nutrients, plant growth, and yield has been investigated. However, its effect on soil hydraulic properties remains less understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of milorganite amendment on soil evaporation, moisture retention, hydraulic conductivity, and electrical conductivity of a Krome soil. A column experiment was conducted with two milorganite application rates (15 and 30% v/v) and a non-amended control soil. The results revealed that milorganite reduced evaporation rates and the length of Stage I of the evaporation process compared with the control. Moreover, milorganite increased moisture retention at saturation and permanent wilting point while decreasing soil hydraulic conductivity. In addition, milorganite increased soil electrical conductivity. Overall, milorganite resulted in increased soil moisture retention; however, moisture in the soil may not be readily available for plants due to increased soil salinity.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75241704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Connecting theory of plasmoid-modulated reconnection to observations of solar flares 等离子体调制重联理论与太阳耀斑观测的联系
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.23
A. Hillier, S. Takasao
{"title":"Connecting theory of plasmoid-modulated reconnection to observations of solar flares","authors":"A. Hillier, S. Takasao","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The short timescale of the solar flare reconnection process has long proved to be a puzzle. Recent studies suggest the importance of the formation of plasmoids in the reconnecting current sheet, with quantifying the aspect ratio of the width to length of the current sheet in terms of a negative power $ alpha $ of the Lundquist number, that is, $ {S}^{-alpha } $ , being key to understanding the onset of plasmoids formation. In this paper, we make the first application of theoretical scalings for this aspect ratio to observed flares to evaluate how plasmoid formation may connect with observations. For three different flares that show plasmoids we find a range of $ alpha $ values of $ alpha =0.26 $ to $ 0.31 $ . The values in this small range implies that plasmoids may be forming before the theoretically predicted critical aspect ratio ( $ alpha =1/3 $ ) has been reached, potentially presenting a challenge for the theoretical models.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75824410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Observing non-uniform, non-Lüders yielding in a cold-rolled medium manganese steel with digital image correlation 用数字图像相关法观察冷轧中锰钢的非均匀、非弯曲变形
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.22
Bo Raadam, D. Matlock
{"title":"Observing non-uniform, non-Lüders yielding in a cold-rolled medium manganese steel with digital image correlation","authors":"Bo Raadam, D. Matlock","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digital image correlation (DIC) techniques were used to evaluate strain distributions along tensile gage lengths immediately after yielding of a medium manganese steel (7 wt% Mn) in samples cold rolled in the range of 1–6 pct. With an increase in cold work, DIC confirmed that the yielding behavior transitioned from nucleation and propagation of a single localized deformation zone (Lüders band) to uniform deformation, that is, no evidence of strain localization. At intermediate amounts of cold work, a unique yielding behavior was evident where the initially-low positive strain hardening rate increased with tensile strain until conventional strain hardening (i.e., decrease in strain hardening rate with strain). The intermediate yielding behavior was associated with the development of multiple non‑propagating regions of strain localization, an observation not previously evident without the use of DIC.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77618938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human leukocyte antigen distributions do not share a copula across sub-populations 人类白细胞抗原分布在亚种群中不共享一个联结
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.17
Daniel H Schellhas, R. C. Green
{"title":"Human leukocyte antigen distributions do not share a copula across sub-populations","authors":"Daniel H Schellhas, R. C. Green","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The distribution of human leukocyte antigens in the population assists in matching solid organ donors and recipients when the typing methods used do not provide sufficiently precise information. This is made possible by linkage disequilibrium (LD), where alleles co-occur more often than random chance would suggest. There is a trade-off between the high bias and low variance of a broad sample from the population and the low bias but high variance of a focused sample. Some of this trade-off could be alleviated if sub-populations shared LD despite having different allele frequencies. These experiments show that Bayesian estimation can balance bias and variance by tuning the effective sample size of the reference panel, but the LD as represented by an additive or multiplicative copula is not shared.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80276000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How best to improve upon return-to-player information in gambling? A comparison of two approaches in an Australian sample 如何最好地改进赌博中的玩家反馈信息?两种方法在澳大利亚样本中的比较
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.21
P. Newall, Lukasz Walasek, Elliot A. Ludvig
{"title":"How best to improve upon return-to-player information in gambling? A comparison of two approaches in an Australian sample","authors":"P. Newall, Lukasz Walasek, Elliot A. Ludvig","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract “Return-to-player” information is used in several jurisdictions to display the long-run cost of gambling, but previous evidence suggests that these messages are frequently misunderstood by gamblers. Two ways of improving the communication of return-to-player information have been suggested: switching to an equivalent “house-edge” format, or via the use of a “volatility warning,” clarifying that the information applies only in the statistical long run. In this study, Australian participants (N = 603) were presented with either a standard return-to-player message, the same message supplemented with a volatility warning, or a house-edge message. The return-to-player plus volatility warning message was understood correctly more frequently than the return-to-player message, but the house-edge message was understood best of all. Participants perceived the lowest chance of winning in the return-to-player plus volatility warning condition. These findings contribute data on the relative merits of two proposed approaches in the design of improved gambling information.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83204545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Potential interactions between metal-based phenanthroline drugs and the unfolded protein response endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway 金属基菲罗啉类药物与未折叠蛋白反应内质网应激途径之间的潜在相互作用
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.20
Tadhg O’Leary, P. McCarron, M. Devereux, S. Meaney
{"title":"Potential interactions between metal-based phenanthroline drugs and the unfolded protein response endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway","authors":"Tadhg O’Leary, P. McCarron, M. Devereux, S. Meaney","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The unfolded protein response has recently been implicated as a mechanism by which 1,10-phenanthroline-containing coordination compounds trigger cell death. We explored the interaction of two such compounds—one containing copper and one containing manganese—with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pretreatment with anisomycin significantly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of both metal-based compounds in A2780, but only the copper-based compound in A549 cells. The effects of pretreatment with tunicamycin were dependent on the nature of the metal center in the compounds. In A2780 cells, the cytotoxic action of the copper compound was reduced by tunicamycin only at high concentration. In contrast, in A549 cells the efficacy of the manganese compound cells was reduced at all tested concentrations. Intriguingly, some impact of free 1,10-phenanthroline was also observed in A549 cells. These results are discussed in the context of the emerging evidence that the ER plays a role in the cytotoxic action of 1,10-phenanthroline-based compounds.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88329588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distribution-based packet forwarding distance dissimilarity learning for topology characterizing in geographic routing 地理路由拓扑表征中基于分布的分组转发距离不相似学习
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.19
G. Oladeji-Atanda, Dimane Mpoeleng
{"title":"Distribution-based packet forwarding distance dissimilarity learning for topology characterizing in geographic routing","authors":"G. Oladeji-Atanda, Dimane Mpoeleng","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We have previously shown that the geographic routing’s greedy packet forwarding distance (PFD), in dissimilarity values of its average measures, characterizes a mobile ad hoc network’s (MANET) topology by node size. In this article, we demonstrate a distribution-based analysis of the PFD measures that were generated by two representative greedy algorithms, namely GREEDY and ELLIPSOID. The result shows the potential of the distribution-based dissimilarity learning of the PFD in topology characterizing. Characterizing dynamic MANET topology supports context-aware performance optimization in position-based or geographic packet routing.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76364441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Negative attitudes toward older adults: Subjective time to become older and “stereotype embodiment theory”-based intervention 对老年人的消极态度:主观变老时间和基于“刻板印象体现理论”的干预
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.18
Y. Shimizu
{"title":"Negative attitudes toward older adults: Subjective time to become older and “stereotype embodiment theory”-based intervention","authors":"Y. Shimizu","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reducing negative attitudes toward older adults is an urgent issue. A previous study has conducted “stereotype embodiment theory”-based interventions (SET interventions) that present participants with the contents of SET and related empirical findings. I focus on the subjective time to become older (the perception of how long people feel it will be before they become old) as a mechanism for the effect of SET interventions. I make the SET intervention group and the control group in which the participants are presented with an irrelevant vignette. The data from 641 participants (M = 31.97 years) were analyzed. Consequently, the SET intervention shortened the subjective time to become older and reduced negative attitudes toward older adults. When considering SET interventions, it would be useful to focus not only on the self-interested motives to avoid age discrimination but also on the subjective time to become older.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77731171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Evaluation of seed morphology, seedling genetic variation, and components for seed storage of Agave landraces of commercial interest 具有商业价值的龙舌兰地方品种种子形态、幼苗遗传变异及种子贮藏成分的评价
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.16
Jesus A. Jimenez-Torres, Zurisadai Monroy-González, J. Juárez-Muñoz
{"title":"Evaluation of seed morphology, seedling genetic variation, and components for seed storage of Agave landraces of commercial interest","authors":"Jesus A. Jimenez-Torres, Zurisadai Monroy-González, J. Juárez-Muñoz","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sexual propagation of Agave plants is an incipient cultivation method, these plants withstand drought and adverse growing conditions; therefore, research on Agave’s diversity, seed processing, and storage could support its cultivation on marginal lands. The aim of this work was to evaluate seed morphology, germination, and seedling genetic diversity of six seed origins (species × provenance) of Agave plants collected in five provenances from Mexico. Seed longevity was evaluated in two seed origins after a 10-year storage period. Seed morphology and seedling genetic variation results demonstrated intra- and interspecific variation within Agave salmiana and with the other seed origins, respectively. After a 10-year storage period seed germination of two A. salmiana seed origins remained relatively stable, storage conditions, and seed variables of this work can serve as reference parameters for future analyses. To the best authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of Agave’s seed longevity evaluation after a 10-year storage period.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91202795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of offset estimator of differential entropy and mutual information with multivariate data 微分熵和互信息偏置估计在多元数据中的应用
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2022.14
I. Marín-Franch, Martín Sanz-Sabater, David H. Foster
{"title":"Application of offset estimator of differential entropy and mutual information with multivariate data","authors":"I. Marín-Franch, Martín Sanz-Sabater, David H. Foster","doi":"10.1017/exp.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Numerical estimators of differential entropy and mutual information can be slow to converge as sample size increases. The offset Kozachenko–Leonenko (KLo) method described here implements an offset version of the Kozachenko–Leonenko estimator that can markedly improve convergence. Its use is illustrated in applications to the comparison of trivariate data from successive scene color images and the comparison of univariate data from stereophonic music tracks. Publicly available code for KLo estimation of both differential entropy and mutual information is provided for R, Python, and MATLAB computing environments at https://github.com/imarinfr/klo.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"26 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77098930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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