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The effect of a nighttime zoo event on spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) behavior 夜间动物园事件对蜘蛛猴行为的影响
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.56
Darby Proctor, Michelle Smurl
{"title":"The effect of a nighttime zoo event on spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) behavior","authors":"Darby Proctor, Michelle Smurl","doi":"10.1017/exp.2020.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2020.56","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The relationship between zoo animals, particularly nonhuman primates, and visitors is complex and varies by species. Adding complexity to this relationship is the trend for zoos to host events outside of normal operating hours. Here, we explored whether a late-night haunted-house style event influenced the behavior of spider monkeys. We conducted behavioral observations both on event nights and nights without the event. The spider monkeys were active and outside more frequently on event nights compared to the control nights indicating that their typical nighttime behavior was altered. However, it is difficult to definitively conclude whether the behavioral changes were a result of the event being aversive or enriching. Our findings suggest that zoos should conduct behavioral observations of and collect physiological data from their animals, especially if they are sensitive to environmental changes, when implementing new events, including those occurring outside of normal operating hours to ensure high levels of animal welfare.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84461071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Potential clinically significant life-threatening drug–drug interactions of lopinavir and ritonavir used in the treatment of COVID-19 用于治疗COVID-19的洛匹那韦和利托那韦的潜在临床重大危及生命的药物-药物相互作用
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2020-10-27 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.53
M. Biswas
{"title":"Potential clinically significant life-threatening drug–drug interactions of lopinavir and ritonavir used in the treatment of COVID-19","authors":"M. Biswas","doi":"10.1017/exp.2020.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2020.53","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Potential clinically significant life-threatening drug–drug interactions (DDIs) of lopinavir (LPV) and ritonavir (RTV) used in the treatment of COVID-19 is not systematically reviewed. It was aimed to identify severe DDI pairs of LPV/RTV from international resources predicted to cause life-threatening adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Severe DDI pairs predicted to cause life-threatening ADRs were identified from the FDA and Liverpool COVID-19 prescribing information of LPV/RTV. In total, 62 severe DDI pairs were identified from the FDA and Liverpool COVID-19 resources predicted to cause life-threatening ADRs in patients with COVID-19. Of these, seven unique DDI pairs (11.3%; 95% CI 3%–19%) were identified from the FDA only whereas 45 unique DDI pairs (72.6%; 95% CI 61%–84%) were identified from the Liverpool COVID-19 drug interactions resource. Of interest, only 10 DDI pairs (16.1%; 95% CI 7%–25%) were recognized by both of these drug interaction resources. Clinicians should not entirely rely on any individual DDI resource for checking life threatening ADRs of LPV/RTV in patients with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77149502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Structures of an extradiol catechol dioxygenase – C23O64, from 3-nitrotoluene degrading Diaphorobacter sp. strain DS2 in substrate-free, substrate-bound and substrate analog-bound states 3-硝基甲苯降解Diaphorobacter sp.菌株DS2的外二醇儿茶酚双加氧酶- C23O64在无底物、底物结合和底物类似结合状态下的结构
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2020-10-26 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.50
K. Mishra, C. K. Arya, R. Subramanian, G. Ramanathan
{"title":"Structures of an extradiol catechol dioxygenase – C23O64, from 3-nitrotoluene degrading Diaphorobacter sp. strain DS2 in substrate-free, substrate-bound and substrate analog-bound states","authors":"K. Mishra, C. K. Arya, R. Subramanian, G. Ramanathan","doi":"10.1017/exp.2020.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2020.50","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This manuscript reports structure–function studies of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O64), which is the second enzyme in the metabolic degradation pathway of 3-nitrotoluene by Diaphorobacter sp. strain DS2. The recombinant protein is a ring cleavage enzyme for 3-methylcatechol and 4-methylcatechol products formed after dioxygenation of the aromatic ring. Here we report the substrate-free, substrate-bound, and substrate-analog bound crystal structures of C23O64. The protein crystallizes in the P6(2)22 space-group. The structures were determined by molecular replacement and refined to resolutions of 2.4, 2.4, 2.2 Å, respectively. A comparison of the structures with related extradiol dioxygenases showed 22 conserved residues. A comparison of the active site pocket with catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (LapB) from Pseudomonas sp KL28 and homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase (HPCD) from Brevibacterium fuscum shows significant similarities to suggest that the mechanism of enzyme action is similar to HPCD.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82201492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Greater autism knowledge and contact with autistic people are independently associated with favourable attitudes towards autistic people 更多的自闭症知识和与自闭症患者的接触与对自闭症患者的有利态度独立相关
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2020-10-23 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.46
A. J. Shand, Scarlett A. D. Close, Punit Shah
{"title":"Greater autism knowledge and contact with autistic people are independently associated with favourable attitudes towards autistic people","authors":"A. J. Shand, Scarlett A. D. Close, Punit Shah","doi":"10.1017/exp.2020.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2020.46","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding individual differences in attitudes to autism is crucial for improving attitudes and reducing stigma towards autistic people, yet there is limited and inconsistent research on this topic. This is compounded by a lack of appropriate measures and multivariate analyses. Addressing these issues, using up-to-date measures and multiple linear regression, we examined the relative contributions of participant age, sex, autism knowledge, level of contact with autistic people, and autistic traits to attitudes towards autistic people. We found that greater autism knowledge and higher levels of contact, but no other variables, were uniquely predictive of attitudes towards autistic people. We conclude that, in addition to public awareness campaigns to raise knowledge of autism, it may be important to increase contact between autistic and non-autistic people to improve public attitudes towards autistic people.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86159416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Nanoparticle Interactions and Molecular Relaxation in PLA/PBAT/Nanoclay Blends 聚乳酸/PBAT/纳米粘土共混物中的纳米粒子相互作用和分子弛豫
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2020-10-23 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.54
M. Nofar, M. Heuzey, P. Carreau, M. Kamal
{"title":"Nanoparticle Interactions and Molecular Relaxation in PLA/PBAT/Nanoclay Blends","authors":"M. Nofar, M. Heuzey, P. Carreau, M. Kamal","doi":"10.1017/exp.2020.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2020.54","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Organo-modified clay nanoparticles were mixed at 1 and 5 wt% concentrations with a molten blend of 75 wt% of polylactide (PLA) and 25 wt% poly[(butylene adipate)-co-terephthalate] (PBAT). Three mixing strategies were used to control the localization of nanoclay. Small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) and stress growth tests were conducted to clarify the nanoclay interactions with the blend components and its effect on the molecular relaxation behavior. SAOS and weighted relaxation spectra properties were determined before and after pre-shearing at a rate of 0.01 s−1. Molecular relaxation and its characteristics were influenced by PLA degradation, PBAT droplet coalescence, and nanoclay localization.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73762601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Effect of Rinsing Canned Foods on Bisphenol-A Exposure: The Hummus Experiment 清洗罐头食品对双酚a暴露的影响:鹰嘴豆泥实验
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.52
B. Blackburn, K. Cox, Yue Zhang, David J. Anderson, D. Wilkins, C. Porucznik
{"title":"Effect of Rinsing Canned Foods on Bisphenol-A Exposure: The Hummus Experiment","authors":"B. Blackburn, K. Cox, Yue Zhang, David J. Anderson, D. Wilkins, C. Porucznik","doi":"10.1017/exp.2020.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2020.52","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bisphenol-A (BPA) is associated with adverse health outcomes and is found in many canned foods. It is not understood if some BPA contamination can be washed away by rinsing. The objective of this single-blinded crossover experiment was to determine whether BPA exposure, as measured by urinary concentrations, could be decreased by rinsing canned beans prior to consumption. Three types of hummus were prepared from dried beans, rinsed, and unrinsed canned beans. Fourteen healthy participants ate two samples of each hummus over six experimental days and collected spot urine specimens for BPA measurement. The geometric mean BPA levels for dried beans BPA (GM = 0.97 ng/ml, 95%CI = 0.74,1.26) was significantly lower than rinsed (GM = 1.89 ng/ml, 1.37,2.59) and unrinsed (GM = 2.46 ng/ml, 1.44,4.19). Difference-in-difference estimates showed an increase in GM BPA from pre- to post-hummus between unrinsed and rinsed canned beans of 1.39 ng/ml, p-value = 0.0400. Rinsing canned beans was an effective method to reduce BPA exposure.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77225645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Candida albicans isolated from denture-related stomatitis in elderly patients: Antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence attributes 老年患者假牙相关性口腔炎中分离的白色念珠菌:抗真菌敏感性和毒力属性的产生
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2020-10-09 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.49
L. V. N. F. de Sousa, Carlos Davi de Oliveira Maia, I. S. Carvalho, J. M. Prata, Larissa Carla Rodrigues Arcanjo, Marina de Figueiredo Vieira, M. B. Martins, Thais Silveira Pereira, Lucieri Olegário Pereira Souza, A. C. Galdino, M. Branquinha, H. M. S. Canela, A. L. Santos
{"title":"Candida albicans isolated from denture-related stomatitis in elderly patients: Antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence attributes","authors":"L. V. N. F. de Sousa, Carlos Davi de Oliveira Maia, I. S. Carvalho, J. M. Prata, Larissa Carla Rodrigues Arcanjo, Marina de Figueiredo Vieira, M. B. Martins, Thais Silveira Pereira, Lucieri Olegário Pereira Souza, A. C. Galdino, M. Branquinha, H. M. S. Canela, A. L. Santos","doi":"10.1017/exp.2020.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2020.49","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Denture-related stomatitis caused by Candida spp. affects elderly individuals using partial/total prosthesis, provoking several discomforts including burning sensation and altered taste. Herein, we have studied 52 denture-wearing individuals (>60 years-old), attended at the dentistry clinic of UNIVALE, aiming to isolate Candida spp. directly from the stomatitis lesions and to evaluate their potential to produce virulence attributes. A low prevalence of denture-related stomatitis was reported in these patients (4/52; 7.7%). Candida albicans was isolated in the 4 selected patients, with the ability to form biofilm over a polystyrene surface and to produce aspartic protease, esterase and hemolysin. However, neither phospholipase nor caseinase activities were detected. Planktonic-growing yeasts were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin, while the susceptibility to azoles (fluconazol, itraconazole and voriconazole) varied depending on either the isolate or antifungal. Relevantly, biofilm-forming C. albicans cells exhibited resistance to all studied antifungals. So, new effective drugs against resistant C. albicans isolates causing denture-related stomatitis are urgently required.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83575155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First observations of Polar Mesospheric Echoes at both 31 MHz and 53.5 MHz over Svalbard (78.2°N 15.1°E) 斯瓦尔巴群岛(78.2°N 15.1°E)上空31 MHz和53.5 MHz极层回波的首次观测
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2020-10-09 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.51
C. Hall, C. Adami, M. Tsutsumi
{"title":"First observations of Polar Mesospheric Echoes at both 31 MHz and 53.5 MHz over Svalbard (78.2°N 15.1°E)","authors":"C. Hall, C. Adami, M. Tsutsumi","doi":"10.1017/exp.2020.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2020.51","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During summer 2020, observations of the mesosphere using a 53.5 MHz radar on Svalbard, at 78.2°N 15.1°E, revealed the well-known Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE). At the same time, a co-located meteor detection radar, operating at 31 MHz detected corresponding echoes very distinct from those associated with meteor trails. Comparing as many days as possible during 2020, incontestable evidence arose to demonstrate that the meteor detection radar was capable of observing PMSE, although not in the optimised fashion of the 53.5 MHz system. We present examples of results from both systems, supplementing the earlier findings of Swarnalingam et al. (2009), and simultaneously show very first results from this particular geographical location.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88817933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Forage plant mixture type interacts with soil moisture to affect soil nutrient availability in the short term 草料混合类型与土壤水分相互作用，短期内影响土壤养分有效性
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2020-10-02 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.47
S. Shepperd, A. Thomson, D. Beaumont, T. Misselbrook, H. Jones, C. Reynolds, M. Lukac, Dr. T õ nu T õ nutare, Dr. Krishna Bhandari
{"title":"Forage plant mixture type interacts with soil moisture to affect soil nutrient availability in the short term","authors":"S. Shepperd, A. Thomson, D. Beaumont, T. Misselbrook, H. Jones, C. Reynolds, M. Lukac, Dr. T õ nu T õ nutare, Dr. Krishna Bhandari","doi":"10.1017/exp.2020.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2020.47","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Agricultural intensification within forage systems has reduced grassland floral diversity by promoting ryegrass (Lolium spp.), damaging soil functionality which underpins critical ecosystem services. Diverse forage mixtures may enhance environmental benefits of pastures by decreasing nutrient leaching, increasing soil carbon storage, and with legume inclusion, reduce nitrogen fertilizer input. This UK study reports on how species-rich forage mixtures affect soil carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen at dry, medium and wet soil moisture sites, compared to ryegrass monoculture. Increasing forage mixture diversity (from 1 to 17 species) affected soil carbon at the dry site. No effect of forage mixture on soil phosphorus was found, while forage mixture and site did interact to affect soil nitrate/nitrite availability. Results suggest that forage mixtures could be used to improve soil function, but longer-term studies are needed to conclusively demonstrate environmental and production benefits of high-diversity forages.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88057982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) reduces proliferative capacity and Brachyury levels in the chordoma cell line UCH-1 全反式维甲酸(ATRA)降低脊索瘤细胞系UCH-1的增殖能力和Brachyury水平
Experimental Results Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.1017/exp.2020.31
Helen Robinson, R. J. McFarlane, J. A. Wakeman
{"title":"All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) reduces proliferative capacity and Brachyury levels in the chordoma cell line UCH-1","authors":"Helen Robinson, R. J. McFarlane, J. A. Wakeman","doi":"10.1017/exp.2020.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2020.31","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chordoma is a rare bone cancer for which there are no approved drugs. Surgery is the principle treatment but complete resection can be challenging due to the location of the tumours in the spine and therefore finding an effective drug treatment is a pressing unmet clinical need. A major recent study identified the transcription factor Brachyury as the primary vulnerability and drug target in chordoma. Previously, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to negatively influence expression of the Brachyury gene, TBXT. Here we extend this finding and demonstrate that ATRA lowers Brachyury protein levels in chordoma cells and reduces proliferation of the chordoma cell line U-CH1 as well as causing loss of distinctive chordoma cell morphology. ATRA is available as a generic drug and is the first line treatment for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). This study implies ATRA could have therapeutic value if repurposed for chordoma.","PeriodicalId":12269,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Results","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75801782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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