Experimental Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Rosiglitazone alleviates white matter injury by inhibiting NLRP3/capspase-1 mediated microglial pyroptosis via downregulating KLF4.","authors":"Liufang He, Tingyan Wei, Hang Yin, Yuanxia Yang, Zhili Zhao, Huazhen Liu, Zhangxing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07398-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07398-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>White matter injury (WMI) is a critical pathological feature of various neurological disorders. Microglial pyroptosis, a form of inflammatory cell death mediated by the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome, exacerbates neuroinflammation and contributes to WMI progression. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of rosiglitazone (ROSI), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, in alleviating WMI by targeting microglial pyroptosis. In vitro, LPS/ATP-stimulated HMC3 cells exhibited elevated pyroptosis markers (NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, ASC) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18), which were significantly suppressed by ROSI. ROSI also reduced LPS/ATP-induced injury in co-cultured MO3.13 oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), improving cell viability and reducing apoptosis. In direct-treatment experiments, ROSI did not significantly affect MO3.13 cell viability, supporting an indirect protective effect on OPCs. Mechanistically, ROSI downregulated KLF4, a transcription factor critical for NLRP3 activation, and this effect was confirmed using KLF4-overexpressing HMC3 cells, where ROSI's anti-pyroptotic effects were abolished. Supplementary GW9662 experiments further suggested that the inhibitory effects of ROSI were not obviously reversed by PPAR-γ antagonism. In vivo, ROSI treatment in a rat model of WMI improved cognitive function, attenuated white matter pathology, and suppressed microglial pyroptosis by reducing NLRP3/caspase-1 activation and inflammatory cytokine release. Notably, ROSI downregulated KLF4 in microglia isolated from WMI rats, further supporting its role in inhibiting pyroptosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that ROSI alleviated WMI by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1-mediated microglial pyroptosis through downregulation of KLF4, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for WMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-intensity interval training modulates APP expression and reduces neuronal apoptosis in a β-amyloid-induced model of Alzheimer's disease: hippocampal evidence.","authors":"Welton Daniel Nogueira Godinho, Francisco Sérgio Lopes Vasconcelos Filho, Cícero Matheus Lima Amaral, Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes, Guilherme Lisboa de Serpa, Adriano Cesar Carneiro Loureiro, Vânia Marilande Ceccatto, Paula Matias Soares","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07397-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07397-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological strategy for neuroprotection, although its molecular effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of HIIT on gene expression (FNDC5, PPARGC1A, APP), protein expression, cognitive performance, and neuronal apoptosis in a β-amyloid-induced rat model of AD. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham sedentary (SS), sham trained (ST), Alzheimer sedentary (AS), and Alzheimer trained (AT). AD-like pathology was induced by intrahippocampal infusion of β-amyloid (Aβ1-42). Animals underwent an 8-week HIIT protocol. Gene expression was assessed by qPCR using the ΔCt method, and statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA or mixed-design ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. HIIT significantly increased PPARGC1A expression (p < 0.05), while FNDC5 gene expression remained unchanged (p > 0.05). However, FNDC5 protein expression was increased in trained groups. APP gene expression was significantly reduced at the transcriptional level (p < 0.05), whereas APP protein abundance differed among experimental conditions without a uniform training-related reduction. HIIT improved physical performance (p < 0.0001) and reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis (p < 0.05). In the Morris water maze, improvement was observed only within the Alzheimer-trained group, with no significant differences between groups. HIIT was associated with molecular and cellular adaptations consistent with a neuroprotective response in this β-amyloid-induced model, including metabolic-pathway modulation, reduced APP transcription, and attenuated neuronal apoptosis. These effects were not accompanied by robust between-group cognitive improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149059501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dynamics of ipsilateral corticospinal excitability during the motor learning process of a complex manual task.","authors":"Takehiro Sukegawa, Rin Kosuge, Eriko Shibata, Yuya Matsuda, Ryo Kurokawa, Yasushi Sugawara, Takeshi Sasaki, Kazuhiro Sugawara","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07403-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07403-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary motor cortex (M1) of the brain is responsible for learning and executing motor skills. Previous studies have reported that performing a complex unilateral motor task activates both the contralateral and ipsilateral M1 (ipsi-M1) regions. Corticospinal excitability in ipsi-M1 has been shown to decrease as motor skills are acquired. However, the temporal changes in this excitability throughout the motor learning process remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify how corticospinal excitability in ipsi-M1 changes over time during motor learning of a unilateral complex task. Fifteen right-handed healthy adults were enrolled in the study and asked to perform a ball rotation (BR) task. In this motor task, the participants rotated two balls with their right hand. Corticospinal excitability was assessed at rest, followed immediately by the first assessment during movement (T1). Subsequently, the first BR practice and performance evaluation (P1) was conducted. Thereafter, corticospinal excitability assessments (T2-T10) and performance evaluations (P2-P10) were alternated for up to 10 sets. The results showed that motor performance significantly improved from P1 to P6. The motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude significantly increased at T1 compared to rest and significantly decreased at T5-T6 and T8-T10 compared to T1. These findings demonstrate that ipsi-M1 excitability increases during the early stages of learning but decreases even before motor learning reaches a plateau. In summary, these findings demonstrate the temporal changes in ipsi-M1 excitability associated with motor learning and may facilitate future investigations on the role of the ipsi-M1 in neurorehabilitation contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related changes in front-rear anisotropy of peripersonal space representation.","authors":"Ryo Teraoka, Naoki Kuroda, Wataru Teramoto","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07401-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07401-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripersonal space (PPS) refers to the multisensory space surrounding the body and plays an important role in interactions with external objects and the preparation of defensive responses. Recent studies suggest that PPS varies as a function of spatial direction. Since PPS is shaped by bodily action capabilities in nearby space, age-related declines in bodily and motor functions may alter PPS representation in older adults. However, whether older adults maintain front-rear anisotropy in PPS similar to that in younger adults, and such spatial characteristics are related to sensorimotor function remains unclear. Older adults performed an audio-tactile PPS task in the front and rear spaces; their performance was compared with data from younger adults. A vibrotactile stimulus was presented while a task-irrelevant sound approached the participant, and participants responded to the tactile stimulus. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was used to examine older adults' functional mobility. Auditory-facilitation effect was greater in the rear space than in the front space even in older adults, suggesting front-rear differences in PPS-related auditory facilitation. Importantly, this age-related change was direction-specific: no age-group difference was observed in the front space; conversely, the auditory-facilitation effect in the rear space was significantly greater in older adults. In addition, higher TUG scores were associated with a larger front-rear difference in facilitation, indicating relatively greater rear space facilitation in older adults with lower functional mobility. Thus, age-related changes in PPS-related auditory facilitation were particularly evident in the rear space, and functional mobility may be linked to front-rear asymmetry in this facilitation effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signatures of rapid trajectory control during finger and arm movements.","authors":"Niranjan Chakrabhavi, Varadhan Skm, Ashitava Ghosal, Aditya Murthy","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07396-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07396-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Normative goal-directed hand and finger movements often follow invariant kinematics, characterized by approximate straight-line trajectories. A fundamental unresolved issue is whether movement trajectories are planned or whether they are a consequence of trajectory-free online control. We addressed this question using Spearman's rank correlation, zero-crossings rate, and z-scores, and analyzed the time evolution of kinematic variability during the presence or absence of a task in finger and whole-arm reaching movements. We found that the central nervous system (CNS) implements control that is consistent with task-dependent trajectory regulation, where task-relevant movements showed enhanced control toward an average trajectory. Further, we found behavioral signatures of rapid kinematic control that might operate on these planned trajectories as early as ~ 60 ms in finger movements and ~ 70 ms in whole-arm reaching movements. Such early signatures of control in behavior suggest that the system could exploit a trajectory plan along with fast feedback to implement meaningful corrections during simple voluntary unperturbed movements. The analysis also revealed that the control peaked distinctly during the early (20%) and late (80-90%) phases, among both finger and arm movements, implying that the extent of trajectory control was not constant during the execution of movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated impacts induce acute neurobehavioral and molecular deficits in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Brandon Z McDonald, Connor C Gee, Aria W Tarudji, Evan T Curtis, Forrest M Kievit","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07399-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07399-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Redox stress is a significant contributor to the molecular dysfunction associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Each of the canonical molecular biomarkers of TBI, including GFAP and UCHL1, demonstrate a clear relationship with redox stress via protein oxidation and enzymatic inhibition. Additionally, several markers of redox stress have demonstrated utility in assessing preclinical and clinical TBI, including F2-isoprostanes, generated from the oxidation of arachidonic acid. Thus, we investigated the role of urinary 8-isoprostane as a biomarker for delineating between sham and impacted mice. In this study, male and female mice (n = 19) subjected to five daily impacts using a repeated impact acceleration (rIA) model were evaluated against sham mice for neurological deficits. Impacted mice exhibited behavioral deficits, with increases in righting reflex (RR) times (p < 0.0001), and time-course increases in modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) (p < 0.01). Urine collected immediately following (day 5) and 72 h post-rIA (day 8) revealed time-course increases in 8-isoprostane levels (p < 0.05). Tissue-based protein expression for several markers of molecular dysfunction was assessed using immunoblotting in a two stage discovery based strategy, for which GFAP expression significantly differed with respect to treatment (p < 0.0001) and sex (p < 0.01). Pooled, unadjusted analysis identified a significant relationship between GFAP and urinary 8-isoprostane levels at day 8 (R² = 0.75; p < 0.0001) with a non-significant, attenuated within-group relationship (R² = 0.08; p > 0.05). Overall, these results suggest repeated impacts using a preclinical TBI mouse model induce acute neurobehavioral deficits, assessed via RR and mNSS, and molecular deficits, including increases in GFAP and urinary 8-isoprostane.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super-additive multi-dimensional self-balancing deficit: implication for flight mishaps and falling.","authors":"Vivekanand P Vimal, Paul DiZio, Avijit Bakshi, Alberto Pierobon, Henry P Williams, James R Lackner","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07395-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07395-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report super-additive impairment in participants using a joystick to stay upright and avoid crashing while riding in a motion simulator programmed to topple as an inverted pendulum away from an upright direction of balance about two axes (2D) relative to 1D. The 2D test configuration provided participants with full vestibular/somatosensory cues about tilt relative to gravity. The 2D impairment was a) only marginally mitigated by vision relative to blindfolded conditions, and b) worse than a 1D decrement in a 0-g analog condition which precluded gravitational tilt cues by having participants balance in the horizontal roll plane where they were always 90 degrees from the vertical. With practice in the upright 2D balance task over two test days, the deficit declined nearly to the upright 1D level of proficiency. The outsized effect of expanding self-balancing from 1D to 2D and the surprisingly insubstantial visual recovery justify reconsideration of prevailing servo-like models and methods for assessing risk and preventing loss of life from aircraft mishaps, falls, and other tasks involving guidance of an unstable plant. As an alternative explanation, we expand a serial motor decision-making model originally developed for 1D balancing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13582110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha oscillations during sunscreen application associated with willingness to pay.","authors":"Kai Yang, Dangdang Cheng, Feifei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07394-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07394-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As one of the most critical experiential attributes of cosmetics, tactile sensation directly shapes the perception of cosmetic value. To investigate its neural underpinnings, a task was designed to investigate the relationship between electroencephalographic (EEG) signal activity elicited during sunscreen application and willingness to pay (WTP). A total of 25 participants applied 6 sunscreens in a randomized order on the dorsum of the hand. EEG signals were recorded synchronously during application, and WTP was collected afterward. Linear mixed-effects models (LMM) were used to examine the association between multiple EEG features-including emotional valence, arousal, and principal components extracted from spectral power in the alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12-27 Hz) and gamma (27-40 Hz) bands-on log-transformed WTP. Only the second principal component of alpha power during the application phase (APPLY_α_PC2) showed a significant positive association with WTP (t = 4.000, p < 0.001). This component exhibited a distinct oscillatory topography characterized by alpha synchronization over prefrontal and parietal regions and alpha desynchronization over temporoparietal areas, suggesting a neural pattern that may reflect task-relevant cortical engagement during tactile experience. The specific neural state indexed by prefrontal-parietal alpha synchronization is more directly associated with WTP than conventional emotional indicators. This neural pattern could serve as a candidate objective marker for evaluating cosmetic application experiences in product development and sensory testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased attentional resources may be required to maintain standing balance under conditions of altered visual and somatosensory feedback among healthy adults.","authors":"Katelyn Pickunka, Stephanie L Jones","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07389-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07389-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Somatosensory feedback provides ongoing representation of the body's movements and interaction with the environment that is important for postural control. Altered somatosensory feedback may require compensation to maintain balance, which could include greater attentional resources or increased reliance on other sensory modalities to maintain posture through sensory reweighting. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated in allocating attentional resources to maintain postural control, which may be associated with reweighting among sensory modalities. It is unknown whether increased PFC activity will compensate for altered sensory feedback and will be associated with sensory reweighting, demonstrated by changes in visual and somatosensory cortical activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of attentional resources and sensory reweighting to postural control, assessed by changes in cortical activity and body sway under conditions of altered sensory feedback during standing. Fifteen healthy, neurotypical participants (ages 21-58) completed somatosensory testing and the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance whilst activity in the PFC, somatosensory, visual and motor cortices was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and an inertial sensor tracked postural sway. Increased postural sway and PFC activity were evident with vision occluded and unstable surface. Somatosensory, visual and motor cortices demonstrated chromophore and side-specific differences that may reflect the range of age and somatosensory function among the sample cohort and suggest that a threshold of sensory challenge may be necessary to evoke cortical changes. However, increased PFC activity supports increased reliance on attentional resources to maintain balance in response to sensory challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-task testing in adults with persistent postconcussive symptoms: a scoping review with conceptual mapping approach.","authors":"Daniel Büchel, Stefan J Blaschke, Lisa Krampe, Victoria Prockl, Stefanie Klatt, Bettina Wollesen","doi":"10.1007/s00221-026-07392-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-026-07392-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS) affect approximately 30% of individuals following mild traumatic brain injury, resulting in prolonged sensorimotor and cognitive disruptions. While traditional assessments focus on isolated subfunctions, they often fail to capture the complex integration required for daily activities. This scoping review aimed to summarize the evidence on dual-task testing in PPCS, identify frequently used subtasks, and map these paradigms to clinical symptom clusters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE was conducted. Studies were included if they involved adults (18-59 years) with persistent symptoms (> 14 days post-injury) performing simultaneous motor and cognitive tasks compared to single-task conditions. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Conceptual mapping was employed to visualize the co-occurrence of symptoms and DT subtasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies (N = 197) met the eligibility criteria. Seven studies reported significant cognitive-motor interference (CMI) in PPCS cohorts compared to healthy controls. Gait was the primary motor task investigated, while cognitive tasks focused on working memory (e.g., arithmetic) and inhibition (e.g., Stroop). Conceptual mapping revealed that general symptom burden and anxiety were central hubs linked to gait and executive function tasks. However, specific clusters like fatigue, headache, and ocular dysfunction were notably underrepresented.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Dual-task assessments, particularly combining gait with executive function tasks, are sensitive markers for functional deficits in PPCS. Future research should standardize protocols, include cognitive response times to capture speed-accuracy trade-offs, and utilize neurophysiological applications such as electroencephalography to better understand the underlying neural resource reallocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"244 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}