The International Journal of Integrated Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Multiple Linear Regression in Predicting Motor Assessment Scale of Stroke Patients","authors":"S. Mazlan, Hisyam Abdul Rahman, Babul Salam Ksm Kader Ibrahim, Yeong Che Fai, Nurul Aisyah Mohd Rostam Alhusni","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.029","url":null,"abstract":"The Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) is a predictive model that was commonly used to predict the clinical score of stroke patients. However, the performance of the predictive model slightly depends on the method of feature selection on the data as input predictor to the model. Therefore, appropriate feature selection method needs to be investigated in order to give an optimum performance of the prediction. This paper aims (i) to develop predictive model for Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) prediction of stroke patients, (ii) to establish relationship between kinematic variables and MAS score using a predictive model, (iii) to evaluate the prediction performance of a predictive model based on root mean squared error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination R2. Three types of feature selection methods involve in this study which are the combination of all kinematic variables, the combination of the best four or less kinematic variables, and the combination of kinematic variables based on p < 0.05. The prediction performance of MLR model between two assessment devices (iRest and ReHAD) has been compared. As the result, MLR model for ReHAD with the combination of kinematic variables that has p < 0.05 as input predictor has the best performance with Draw I (RMSEte = 1.9228, R2 = 0.8623), Draw Diamond (RMSEte = 2.6136, R2 = 0.7477), and Draw Circle (RMSEte = 2.1756, R2 = 0.8268). These finding suggest that the relationship between kinematic variables and MAS score of stoke patients is strong, and the MLR model with feature selection of kinematic variables that has p < 0.05 is able to predict the MAS score of stroke patients using the kinematic variables extracted from the assessment device.","PeriodicalId":122564,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132700027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a 1.9 GHz low-power LFSR Circuit using the Reed-Solomon Algorithm for Pseudo-Random Test Pattern Generation","authors":"Vishnupriya Shivakumar, C. Senthilpari, Z. Yusoff","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"A linear feedback shift register (LFSR) has been frequently used in the Built-in Self-Test (BIST) designs for the pseudo-random test pattern generation. The higher volume of the test patterns and the lower test power consumption are the key features in the large complex designs. The motivation of this study is to generate efficient pseudo-random test patterns by the proposed LFSR and to be applied in the BIST designs. For the BIST designs, the proposed LFSR satisfied with the main strategies such as re-seeding and lesser test power consumption. However, the reseeding approach was utilized by the maximum-length pseudo-random test patterns. The objective of this paper is to propose a new LFSR circuit based on the proposed Reed-Solomon (RS) algorithm. The RS algorithm is created by considering the factors of the maximum length test patterns with a minimum distance over the time t. Also, it has been achieved an effective generation of test patterns over a stage of complexity order O (m log2 m), where m denotes the total number of message bits. We analysed our RS LFSR mathematically using the feedback polynomial function to decrease the area overhead occupied in the designs. The simulation works of the proposed RS LFSR bit-wise stages are simulated using the TSMC 130 nm on the Mentor Graphics IC design platform. Experimental results showed that the proposed LFSR achieved the effective pseudo-random test patterns with a lower test power consumption of 25.13 µW and 49.9 µs. In addition, proposed LFSR along with existing authors’ LFSR are applied in the BIST design to examine their power consumption. Ultimately, overall simulations operated with the highest operating frequency environment as 1.9 GHz.","PeriodicalId":122564,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133612655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Analysis of Different Optical Attocells Deployment Models for Indoor Visible Light Communication System","authors":"M. Gismalla, M. Abdullah, Mustafa Sami Ahmed, Wafi A. Mabrouk, N. Al-Fadhali, E. Saeid, A. Supa’at, B. Das","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.022","url":null,"abstract":"Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising candidate that is expected to revolutionize indoor environment communications performance and fulfill fifth generation and beyond (5GB) technologies requirements. It offers high and free bandwidth, electromagnetic interference immunity, low-cost front end and low power consumption. Also, VLC has dual functions that could be utilized in both illumination and communication concurrently. The number of optical attocells (OAs) and their deployment in the room represent the main issue that should be taken into consideration in designing an optimal VLC system. In this paper, we have introduced a new model of five OAs in the typical room. In addition to an investigation of various optical attocells (OAs) deployment models, in which a multi-variable evaluation was performed in terms of received power, illumination, SNR and RMS delay spread in order to determine the optimal OAs model. Also, various modulation schemes performances were investigated which included NRZ-OOK, BPSK, and QPSK in order to improve the BER performance. Results indicated that BPSK modulation had superior BER performance when compared with all OAs models. Further, a comprehensive results analysis and comparison of all proposed models was conducted over various parameters, in which our new proposed OAs model achieved an optimal performance in comparison with the other models.","PeriodicalId":122564,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125644584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Analysis and Performance Comparison of Multi-carrier Waveforms for 5G Wireless Applications","authors":"J. Mestoui, M. El Ghzaoui","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.019","url":null,"abstract":"Fifth generation (5G) wireless technology is a new wireless communication system that must meet different complementary needs: the high data rate for mobile services, low energy consumption and long-range for connected objects, low latency to ensure real-time communication for critical applications and, high spectral efficiency to improve the overall system capacity. The waveforms and associated signal processing present a real challenge in the implementation of each generation of wireless communication networks. Different research works have discussed this topic; but, these works are limited to the Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC), Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC), and Filtered Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (F-OFDM) waveforms. In this work, we review the technical basics of the physical layer for the LTE system which uses, OFDM modulation for the downlink and the single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) technique for the uplink. Besides, this paper presents the diverse waveforms candidate for 5G systems, including, FBMC, UFMC, and F-OFDM, and compares these techniques with Constant Envelope-OFDM (CE-OFDM), which is an advantageous form regarding power consumption, especially for battery-powered devices. Simulations are carried out to compare the performance of the OFDM, CE-OFDM, F-OFDM, UFMC, and FBMC in terms of power spectral density (PSD) and Bit Error Rate (BER). It has been demonstrated that (CE-OFDM) constitutes a more efficient solution in terms of energy consumption than the other technics. By comparison with the other technics, the CE-OFDM scheme performances, in terms of BER and PSD, are controllable by the values of its parameters (M, h, and J). This advantage gives designers of the system to consider the mutual choice between spectral efficiency and the BER. Moreover, the (F-OFDM), (UFMC), and (FBMC) schemes could constitute a more efficient solution in terms of power spectral density. It can be concluded from this paper that CE-OFDM wave form gives the best performance in terms of power consumption by reducing the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) associated with the OFDM system and FBMC is an efficiency technique to reduce the inter-carrier interference (ICI).","PeriodicalId":122564,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128809209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Optimization of Load Frequency Control Based on Hydraulic Power Plant Using Transfer Function Balanced PID Controller","authors":"R. Delfianti, A. Priyadi, I. Abadi, Avian Lukman Setya Budi, Bima Mustaqim, Yudi Andika, A. Soeprijanto","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.027","url":null,"abstract":"Power generator often rely on the stability and efficiency. For both active power and reactive power stability, it is needed a device that could control the power. In active power control, the output frequency must be controlled. Load frequency control has become a common solution for frequency control in hydraulic power generating units. The design of the load frequency control is still far from good but has succeeded in controlling the frequency back to normal at each load source and input. In this study, the proposed model is to use a PID controller that has been set with the Transfer Function Balanced tuning method. From the source input simulation results, the proposed model could fix the overshoot frequency by 71.929%. and reached rise time by 4.426 s. From the load input simulation results, the proposed model could fix the undershoot frequency by 58.974%. and reached rise time by 1.076 s.","PeriodicalId":122564,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128460739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Measurement System of Postural Angle and Electromyography Signal for Manual Materials Handling Assessment","authors":"I. Halim, A. Saptari, Mohd Fairil Abulais, Vinothini Padmanathan","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"Improper design of manual materials handling (MMH) tasks at workplace can cause musculoskeletal disorders such as muscle strain to industrial workers. To avoid these disorders, ergonomists and engineers require an integrated measurement system which allows them to study the interaction of body posture and muscle effort during performing MMH tasks. However, far too little attention has been paid to develop an integrated measurement system of body posture and muscle activity for assessing MMH tasks. The aim of this study was to develop and test a prototype of integrated system for measuring postural angles and electromyography (EMG) signals of a worker who doing MMH tasks. The Microsoft Visual Studio software, a 3D camera (Microsoft Kinect), Advancer Technologies muscle sensors and a microcontroller (NI DAQ USB-6000) were applied to develop the integrated postural angle and EMG signal measurement system. Additionally, a graphical user interface was created in the system to enable users to perform body posture and muscle effort assessment simultaneously. Based on the testing results, this study concluded that the patterns of EMG signals are depending on the postural angles which consistent with the findings of established works. Further study is required to enhance the validity, reliability and usability of the prototype so that it may facilitate ergonomists and engineers to assess work posture and muscle activity during MMH task.","PeriodicalId":122564,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114097946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Transmit Antenna Selection in Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Space Time Block Code (MIMO-OSTBC) System Joint with Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH)-Turbo Code (TC) in Rayleigh Fading Channel","authors":"Mr. Nitin Tejram Deotale","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"The Transmit antenna selection (TAS) technique is essential to increase the efficiency of spatial modulation (SM) systems. This TAS is an effective technique for reducing the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, which can increase the computational difficulty and Bit error rate (BER) by various TAS algorithms. But these selection methods cannot provide code gain, so it is essential to join the external code in TAS to obtain code gain advantages in BER. In some existing work, the improved BER has been perceived by joining Forward Error Correction Code (FEC) and Space Time Block Code (STBC) for MIMO systems provided greater code gain. A multiple TAS-OSTBC technique with new integration of Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH)-Turbo code (TC) is proposed in this paper. The TAS-OSTBC system connects with the external BCH code in sequence of internal Turbo code. This combination can provide increasing code gain and the effective advantages of the TAS-OSTBC system. To perform the system analysis Rayleigh channel is utilized. In the case with multiple TAS-OSTBC systems, better performance can provide by this new combination of the BCH-Turbo compared to the conventional Turbo code for the Rayleigh fading.","PeriodicalId":122564,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129939033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Annular Flow Behaviour in Horizontal Pipe","authors":"Osokogwu Osokogwu, U. Uche","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental investigations of annular flow were conducted in horizontal pipe using water/air in a 0.0504m internal diameter pipe loop with a total length of 28.68m. To understand annular flow behaviors, conductivity ring sensors, conductance probe sensors and Olympia high speed digital camera were used. In all the experiments, emphasis were on annular flow behavior, phase distribution and liquid film thickness. Liquid film thickness was observed to be thicker mostly when the superficial gas velocities were within 8.2699 m/s to 12.0675 m/s. Above the aforementioned superficial gas velocities, the flow became uniformly distributed on the walls of the internal pipe diameter hence reducing the thicker liquid film at the bottom with gas core at the center of the pipe. More so, annular-slug flow was discovered in the investigation. At superficial liquid velocity of 0.0505 m/s-0.1355 m/s on superficial gas velocities of 8.2699 m/s – 12.0675 m/s, annular-slug flow was prominent. Also discovered was at superficial liquid velocities of 0.0903 m/s - 0.1355 m/s with respect to superficial gas velocities of 13.1692 m/s – 23.4575 m/s, the pipe walls are fully covered with liquid film at very high speed at the entire walls (upper walls and bottom). Also discovered in this experiment is the wavy flow of the upper walls. The liquid film thickness that flows at the upper pipe walls, creeps in a wavy flow. Therefore, the entire flow behavior in an annular flow could be grouped into; wavy-flow at the upper walls, annular-slug flow and thicker liquid film at the bottom with gas core at the center.","PeriodicalId":122564,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123997861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Optimization & Analysis of a Soft Crawling Robot","authors":"Mariam Md Ghazaly, Siti Norazlin Mohd Basar, Muhammad Shadiq Lagani","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.025","url":null,"abstract":"Soft crawling robots (SCRs) are the kind of robots that use soft and flexible material for motion. These soft robots capable to sustain huge distortions with vast degree-of-freedom which makes them more suitable to be employed in unstructured location compared to the conventional rigid robots. Unlike soft robotics, the conventional rigid robots are capable to be employed in situations where precision is required. However, soft robots are preferable in tight spaces such as in medical surgery and earthquake search and rescue operations due to its flexibility and adaptability capability. In this research, two types of soft robots were design using i.e.: (a) inchworm design and (b) quadrupedal design. The similarities between the inchworm and quadrupedal design are both use pressure input for motion. The SCRs also bend by using the expansion of chambers at their body. Both designs have the same length fixed at 86mm, but with different topology. The design optimization for maximum bending motion with respect to input pressure were evaluated using Finite Element Method (FEM) via Abaqus software, where the results shows that the highest bending was observed for the inchworm design. The maximum bending value (extension) of 130.4 mm was obtained with the optimized parameters set at 4mm base thickness, 5mm chamber gap, and 2mm width for the air chamber, respectively.","PeriodicalId":122564,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128782897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Modelling and Analysis of A 10HP Induction Machine Using the Lumped Parameter Approach","authors":"Oti S.Ejiofor, Awah Chukwemeka, Chibuzo Joseph Nnonyelu, Ogbonnaya I.Okoro","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2021.13.06.016","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of this research work is to develop a thermal model for an induction machine that will enable the prediction of temperature in different parts of the machine. This is very important first to the manufacturer or designer of an induction machine because with these predictions one can decide on the insulation class limits the machine belongs to. Also modern trends in the construction of machines is moving in the direction of making machines with reduced weights, costs and increased efficiency. In order to achieve this, the thermal analysis becomes very crucial in deciding on what types of insulators and other materials that would be used to make these machines. In industries, the knowledge of the thermal limits of machines if well utilized increases the life span of the machines and reduces downtime; thereby increasing production and profit. Specifically, this paper (i) predicted the temperature limits of the induction machine and its components, (ii) developed an accurate thermal model for an induction machine, (iii) predicted the temperature in different parts of the induction machine using the thermal model and software program and lastly (iv) investigated how the machine symmetry is affected by the nodal configuration.","PeriodicalId":122564,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126766644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}