EXCLI JournalPub Date : 2024-07-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-7306
Leyla Tümen, Lena Pollmann-Schweckhorst, Regina Breinbauer, Mohammad M Hammour, Romina H Aspera-Werz, Gunnar Blumenstock, Tina Histing, Maximilian M Menger, Sabrina Ehnert, Andreas K Nüssler
{"title":"Smoking increases risk of complication after musculoskeletal surgery: analysis of single immune parameter to predict complication risk.","authors":"Leyla Tümen, Lena Pollmann-Schweckhorst, Regina Breinbauer, Mohammad M Hammour, Romina H Aspera-Werz, Gunnar Blumenstock, Tina Histing, Maximilian M Menger, Sabrina Ehnert, Andreas K Nüssler","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2024-7306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoking is the most significant and modifiable risk factor for a range of conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Furthermore, it significantly reduces bone mass and increases the risk of fragility fractures due to its detrimental effects on bone metabolism and regeneration. Moreover, smoking is a known cause of chronic systemic inflammation, leading to an imbalance of cytokines. Comprehending the pathological mechanisms that underlie cytokine production and its impact on post-surgical healing is essential to prevent post-surgical complications. The present study recruited a total of 1144 patients, including 897 patients, among them non-smokers (<i>N = 413</i>), current smokers (<i>N = 201</i>) and ex-smokers (<i>N = 283</i>). Human proteome profiler arrays were used to screen for smoking-dependent differences in the serum cytokine and protein profiles, after matching samples for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, and diabetes risk. Cytokines and immune checkpoint proteins such as CD28, B7-1, MIG, TGFβ2 and IL-1α/β were quantified by ELISA. Our study demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between smoking, the development of complications, the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and cytokine/protein levels. We found that a comparison of non-smokers, former smokers, and active smokers in our study cohort did not exhibit significantly altered cytokine and protein serum levels although other studies reported differences between smokers and non-smokers. We were unable to identify single blood circulating markers that could predict complications in smokers after trauma. However, we found the ratio of women to men to be inverted between non-smokers and active smokers resulting in a ratio of 0.62 in smokers. Furthermore, we demonstrate a higher complication rate, longer hospitalizations and elevated SII values among smokers, indicating an involvement of the immune system. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"967-990"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EXCLI JournalPub Date : 2024-07-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-7502
Satoru Yokoyama
{"title":"Impact of academic self-efficacy on online learning outcomes: a recent literature review.","authors":"Satoru Yokoyama","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2024-7502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the concept of self-efficacy has garnered attention in educational psychology research on motivation. Within an academic context, academic self-efficacy (ASE) reflects learners' belief in their ability to achieve educational goals. However, most research has focused on traditional face-to-face classroom settings, with little exploration in distance learning environments like online and e-learning. The current review aims to update a previous study (Yokoyama, 2019[40]) and examine differences in online learning types: asynchronous, synchronous, and blended learning. The study's findings reveal that in mixed environments combining synchronous and asynchronous elements, or in blended settings merging face-to-face classes with asynchronous learning, ASE positively impacts academic performance akin to traditional face-to-face classes. However, in asynchronous online learning environments, ASE's influence on academic performance might be slightly weaker compared to synchronous learning environments. The paper will subsequently discuss the pedagogical implications derived from these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"960-966"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impaired vascular relaxation in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sajad Jeddi, Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Khosrow Kashfi, Asghar Ghasemi","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2024-7330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) significantly increases the risk of vascular complications (12-32 %), which are a major cause of death (over 50 %) in T2D patients. In T2D, both endothelial (ET) and vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells are impaired, which act as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Thus, the question of this systematic review and meta-analysis is: Do ET-dependent and -independent VSM relaxation impair in T2D? We systematically searched PubMed and Scopus databases until March 2024; 44 eligible clinical trial studies (68, 16, 30, and 50 study arms for acetylcholine (ACh), methacholine (MTH), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)) published were included. ET-dependent VSM relaxation in response to ACh (overall ES = -28.9 %, 95 % CI: -35.2, -22.7; p<0.001) and MTH (overall ES = -55.3 %, 95 % CI: -63.6, -47.1; p<0.001) decreased in T2D patients compared to controls. ET-independent VSM relaxation in response to SNP (overall ES = -17.2 %, 95 % CI: -35.2, -22.7; p<0.001) and GTN (overall ES = -63.2 %, 95 % CI: -81.0, -45.5; p<0.001) decreased in T2D patients compared to controls. Our meta-analysis showed reductions in both ET-dependent (~40 %) and ET-independent (~25 %) VSM relaxation. The decrease was more pronounced for MTH (~55 %) compared to ACh (~30 %) and for GTN (~63 %) compared to SNP (~17 %). These findings suggest that dysfunction of both ET and VSM contributes to impaired VSM relaxation in T2D patients. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"937-959"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EXCLI JournalPub Date : 2024-07-09eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-7369
Pinky Sultana, Jiri Novotny
{"title":"Clusterin: a double-edged sword in cancer and neurological disorders.","authors":"Pinky Sultana, Jiri Novotny","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2024-7369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clusterin is a ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein that is involved in a whole range of biological processes. This protein is known to promote tumor survival and resistance to therapy in cancer, which contrasts sharply with its neuroprotective functions in various neurological diseases. This duality has led to recent investigations into the potential therapeutic applications of clusterin inhibition, particularly in cancer treatment. Inhibition of clusterin has been shown to be able to induce cancer cell senescence, suppress their growth and increase their sensitivity to therapy. The involvement of clusterin in the aging process makes its biological effects even more complex and offers a broad perspective for research and therapeutic exploration of various pathological conditions. This review critically examines the multiple functions of clusterin in cancer and neurological disorders and addresses the controversies surrounding its role in these areas. The assessment includes an in-depth analysis of the existing literature and examining the relationship of clusterin to fundamental aspects of cancer progression, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance. In addition, the review addresses the neurobiological implications of clusterin and examines its controversial role in neuroprotection, neurodegeneration, and synaptic plasticity. Attention is also paid to the epigenetic regulation of clusterin expression. By clarifying conflicting findings and discrepancies in the literature, this review aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying clusterin functions and its potential clinical implications in both cancer and neurodisorders. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"912-936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EXCLI JournalPub Date : 2024-07-04eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-7498
Jarle Aarstad
{"title":"Deaths among young people in England increased significantly in 10 of 11 weeks after COVID-19 vaccination and doubled in three.","authors":"Jarle Aarstad","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2024-7498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"908-911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EXCLI JournalPub Date : 2024-06-12eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-7467
Vyoma K Patel, Sofia Kokkinis, Gabriele De Rubis, Philip Michael Hansbro, Keshav Raj Paudel, Kamal Dua
{"title":"Curcumin liposomes attenuate the expression of cigarette smoke extract-induced inflammatory markers IL-8 and IL-24 <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Vyoma K Patel, Sofia Kokkinis, Gabriele De Rubis, Philip Michael Hansbro, Keshav Raj Paudel, Kamal Dua","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7467","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2024-7467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"904-907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EXCLI JournalPub Date : 2024-06-10eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-7141
Laura R Rodríguez, Jesus Vicente de Julián-Ortiz, Fernando Rubio de la Rúa, Augusto Juste-Dolz, Ángel Maquieira, Haydar A Mohammad-Salim, Sofiane Benmetir, Federico V Pallardó, Pilar González-Cabo, David Gimenez-Romero
{"title":"Unveiling the Ro60-Ro52 complex.","authors":"Laura R Rodríguez, Jesus Vicente de Julián-Ortiz, Fernando Rubio de la Rúa, Augusto Juste-Dolz, Ángel Maquieira, Haydar A Mohammad-Salim, Sofiane Benmetir, Federico V Pallardó, Pilar González-Cabo, David Gimenez-Romero","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7141","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2024-7141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coexistence within a subcellular complex of inter-cellular proteins Ro60, responsible for preserving ncRNA quality, and Ro52, involved in intracellular proteolysis, has been a subject of ongoing debate. Employing molecular docking in tandem with experimental methods like Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D), Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA), and Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF), we reveal the presence of Ro60 associating with Ro52 within the cytoplasm. This result unveils the formation of a weak transient complex with a K<sub>a</sub> ≈ (3.7 ± 0.3) x 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>, where the toroid-shaped Ro60 structure interacts with the Ro52's Fc receptor, aligning horizontally within the PRY-SPRY domains of the Ro52's homodimer. The stability of this complex relies on the interaction between Ro52 chain A and specific Ro60 residues, such as K133, W177, or L185, vital in the Ro60-YRNA bond. These findings bridge the role of Ro60 in YRNA management with Ro52's function in intracellular proteolysis, emphasizing the potential impact of transient complexes on cellular pathways. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"888-903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EXCLI JournalPub Date : 2024-06-04eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-7076
Ali Hassanzadeh, Navid Shomali, Amin Kamrani, Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar, Hadi Nasiri, Morteza Akbari
{"title":"Cancer therapy by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs): bench to bedside.","authors":"Ali Hassanzadeh, Navid Shomali, Amin Kamrani, Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar, Hadi Nasiri, Morteza Akbari","doi":"10.17179/excli2024-7076","DOIUrl":"10.17179/excli2024-7076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A major characteristic of cancer is dysregulated cell division, which results in aberrant growth of cells. Consequently, medicinal targets that prevent cell division would be useful in the fight against cancer. The primary regulator of proliferation is a complex consisting of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The FDA has granted approval for CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) to treat metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Specifically, CDK4/6 CDKIs block the enzyme activity of CDK4 and CDK6. Unfortunately, the majority of first-generation CDK inhibitors, also known as pan-CDK inhibitors because they target multiple CDKs, have not been authorized for clinical use owing to their serious side effects and lack of selection. In contrast to this, significant advancements have been created to permit the use of pan-CDK inhibitors in therapeutic settings. Notably, the toxicity and negative consequences of pan-CDK inhibitors have been lessened in recent years thanks to the emergence of combination therapy tactics. Therefore, pan-CDK inhibitors have renewed promise for clinical use when used in a combination regimen. The members of the CDK family have been reviewed and their primary roles in cell cycle regulation were covered in this review. Next, we provided an overview of the state of studies on CDK inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12247,"journal":{"name":"EXCLI Journal","volume":"23 ","pages":"862-882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}