Yan Li, Junni Du, Chenhui Tian, Aixia Ma, Tiantian Tao, Pingyu Chen
{"title":"Physicians' preferences for direct-acting antivirals in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: evidence from a discrete choice experiment in China.","authors":"Yan Li, Junni Du, Chenhui Tian, Aixia Ma, Tiantian Tao, Pingyu Chen","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2650162","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2650162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) remains a major public health challenge in China. Currently, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are the mainstay of clinical treatment. This study employed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to investigate physicians' preferences regarding DAAs for the treatment of CHC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A DCE was designed based on the Chinese Guideline for Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Drugs and relevant literature, incorporating seven core attributes: safety, efficacy, economy, innovativeness, appropriateness, accessibility, and affordability. Fourteen choice sets were constructed. Physicians' preferences were analyzed using conditional logit models, from which willingness-to-pay (WTP) and relative importance of attributes were derived. Latent class analysis (LCA) was further applied to explore heterogeneity in physicians' preferences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected from 159 hospitals across 27 provinces in China, with 185 valid questionnaires included. Efficacy emerged as the most important determinant of prescribing preference, followed by affordability and economy, then accessibility, safety, and appropriateness, while innovativeness was not a significant concern. The LCA identified three distinct latent classes, which were significantly associated with demographic variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In China's healthcare setting, beyond the central importance of efficacy, physicians also place great emphasis on affordability and economic value, with marked heterogeneity in preferences depending on background characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yedhu Harikumar, Muthumeenakshi Muralikrishna, Prakasam Muralikrishna, Andrew Adewale Alola
{"title":"Climate-related risk and pharmaceutical market dynamics in India and USA: evidence from transfer entropy, BEKK GARCH, and coherence wavelet.","authors":"Yedhu Harikumar, Muthumeenakshi Muralikrishna, Prakasam Muralikrishna, Andrew Adewale Alola","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2642658","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2642658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Greenhouse gas emissions, especially the atmospheric trapping of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), are widely linked to increased weather variability, thereby affecting other aspects of human activity and nature. The increased occurrence of intense rainfall, heat waves, flooding, and droughts worsens the volatility of financial markets.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>The present study aims to investigate the cross-impacts of climate change and pharmaceutical sector activities, particularly in the United States (US) and India. Climate risks are predominant in emerging economies such as India, which lack sufficient resources for climate change mitigation and adaptation. In this context, we employ transfer entropy, BEKK GARCH (Baba, Engle, Kraft, and Kroner Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity), and coherence wavelet approaches to examine the relationship between the two aspects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>India's pharmaceutical index contributes more to climate risk. Interestingly, US pharmaceutical market co-movements with climate risks are high despite low volatility spillover. This suggests developed nations like the US possess superior resources to manage climate risks compared to developing economies like India.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While this outcome is limited to the contexts of India and the US, it offers insights to decision-makers, investors, and relevant portfolio managers on the vulnerability of essential sectors to climate-related risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevention, artificial intelligence, and mathematics in health economics: a framework for dynamic value modeling under long-term uncertainty.","authors":"Lieke Maas, Ayshe Yaylali, Mickael Hiligsmann","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2642648","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2642648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Duration changes and decision-making in DCE<sub>TTO</sub>: evidence from SF-6Dv2.","authors":"Hosein Ameri, Thomas G Poder","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2642655","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2642655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the impact of changes in health state duration in a discrete choice experiment where duration is an attribute (DCE<sub>TTO</sub>).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of the general population in Quebec, Canada, completed DCE<sub>TTO</sub> in two phases using SF-6Dv2. In the first phase (DCE<sub>original</sub>), participants were presented with binary choice sets, each containing two health states and associated durations. In the second phase (DCE<sub>changed</sub>), they completed the same choice sets as before, but with modified durations. Adjustments were made based on participants' initial responses. Durations were 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 20 years. McNemar's Test was used to evaluate the change in respondents' choices before and after the duration modification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 411 participants were included. Significant increases in duration of the option not chosen (by a factor of two or more) led it to become the preferred option (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A decrease in the duration of the option chosen could still lead to its acceptance. Overall, participants showed a strong anchoring effect of their initial choice, while changes in duration had a moderate positive effect on the likelihood of switching choices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight non-linear effects of time on preferences and have important implications for the design of DCE<sub>TTO</sub> studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of tucatinib plus trastuzumab versus pertuzumab plus trastuzumab for chemotherapy-refractory, HER2-positive, RAS wild-type unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer.","authors":"Mengmeng Liu, Lu Zhong, Mei Dong, Tong Liu","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2642646","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2642646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of tucatinib plus trastuzumab compared to pertuzumab plus trastuzumab for chemotherapy-refractory, HER2-positive, RAS wild-type unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) from the perspective of healthcare payers in China.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>An economic evaluation utilizing a 3-state partitioned survival model assessed the cost-effectiveness of tucatinib plus trastuzumab versus pertuzumab plus trastuzumab.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When the price of tucatinib was based on that of lapatinib in China, the estimated cost for tucatinib plus trastuzumab was higher than that of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab (29,130.32 USD vs 12,160.58 USD). The estimated utility was also greater compared to that of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab (2.07 QALYs vs 1.07 QALYs). The ICER was calculated at 17,075.25 USD/QALY, suggesting the tucatinib plus trastuzumab treatment was cost-effective compared to pertuzumab plus trastuzumab for chemotherapy-refractory, HER2-positive, RAS wild-type unresectable or metastatic CRC at a WTP threshold of 40,000 USD/ QALY.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tucatinib plus trastuzumab was cost-effective if its price was the same as lapatinib for chemotherapy-refractory, HER2-positive, RAS wild-type unresectable or metastatic CRC from the perspective of healthcare payers in China. Our exploratory result could provide a reference for clinical application of tucatinib plus trastuzumab when they are correctly interpreted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concerns on methodological assumptions in the health economic evaluation of return-to-work interventions.","authors":"Afschin Gandjour","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2629352","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2629352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High sickness absence and disability claims create major societal and budget pressures, making return-to-work (RTW) interventions a central policy priority. Because decisions often hinge on whether productivity gains are counted, robust long-horizon economic models are influential - but also vulnerable to strong extrapolation assumptions.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This Key Paper Evaluation examines a recent modeling study of RTWinterventions comparing a 3½-week inpatient multimodal occupational rehabilitation (I-MORE) with outpatient Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The authors link a randomized trial to 7 years of registry follow-up and project costs and effects over a 25-year horizon from healthcare and societal perspectives.</p><p><strong>Expert commentary: </strong>The analysis is transparent and well executed, but the study's headline finding - lifetime dominance of I-MORE when productivity is counted - hinges on structural assumptions that effectively extend a 3½-week inpatient program into persistent productivity gains over a 25-year horizon: transition intensities are frozen beyond 4 years, and within-state absence-day differences are held constant thereafter, generating persistent productivity gains even after state prevalences converge. Health-related quality of life is observed only to 14 months and then modeled as state-specific constants, compressing incremental quality-adjusted life years and leaving the healthcare-only incremental cost-effectiveness ratio unfavorable. We argue that lifetime savings should be treated as upper-bound estimates and that decision relevance would be strengthened by waning-effect scenarios, mid-term horizons, and tests of the absorbing disability state. We also highlight the need for diagnosis-by-treatment analyses and stepped-care sequences given the heterogeneous population and fixed-dose ACT comparator.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"313-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sonia Santos-Lasaosa, Beatriz Armada, Carlota Moya-Alarcón, Darío Rubio-Rodríguez, Carlos Rubio-Terrés, Pablo Irimia
{"title":"Cost of rimegepant and lasmiditan associated adverse events, for acute treatment in migraine in Spain.","authors":"Sonia Santos-Lasaosa, Beatriz Armada, Carlota Moya-Alarcón, Darío Rubio-Rodríguez, Carlos Rubio-Terrés, Pablo Irimia","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2615680","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2615680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the cost of adverse events (AEs) associated with the acute treatment with rimegepant (RIM) versus lasmiditan (LAS) for migraine in Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A probabilistic modeling analysis was performed, using second-order Monte Carlo simulations, from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System (SNHS). The cost per patient of all AEs described with RIM or LAS in 12 clinical trials, obtained through a systematic review, was analyzed. Several sensitivity analyzes (among them, a matching adjusted indirect comparison -MAIC- of the two long-term studies) were also performed. The cost of AEs management (€ 2024) was obtained from Spanish sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The probabilistic model estimated that RIM compared to LAS would generate savings of €612.79 (95% CI €159.49-1339.43) per treated patient with migraine, in a treatment period of 6.11 ± 3.25 months, €98.54 per month. In the MAIC analysis, a saving per patient of €697.04 (95% CI: €514.44-879.04) was obtained in a treatment period of 12.4 months. The probability of RIM saving in all analysis was 100%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In accordance with this model, the favorable safety profile of RIM compared to LAS would generate savings for the SNHS in health-care resources in all the scenarios considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"361-368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rubén Queiro, Ignacio Braña, Paula Alvarez, Marta Loredo, Estefanía Pardo, Stefanie Burger
{"title":"Comparative cost-utility analysis of ixekizumab, tofacitinib, and golimumab in psoriatic arthritis: a real-world Markov model simulation.","authors":"Rubén Queiro, Ignacio Braña, Paula Alvarez, Marta Loredo, Estefanía Pardo, Stefanie Burger","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2629351","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2629351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) requires long-term, phenotype-oriented management. This study compared the cost-utility of ixekizumab, tofacitinib, and golimumab using a real-world modeling approach.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A 10-year Markov model was developed from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System, informed by three real-world PsA cohorts. Transition probabilities were derived from drug-persistence data. Utilities and direct medical costs were obtained from published sources. Approved dosing, standard treatment durations, and annual cycles were modeled. Main outcomes included total costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Scenario analyses evaluated a 20% price reduction and phenotype-specific settings (enthesitis, dactylitis, axial PsA, refractory disease, prior TNFi failure, and relevant comorbidity).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three agents were cost-effective in the base case, with ICERs below the €30,000/QALY threshold. Ixekizumab provided the highest QALYs and was most cost-effective in axial PsA, enthesitis, and refractory disease. Tofacitinib, with the lowest total cost, was dominant in TNFi-failure scenarios. Golimumab offered the best value in dactylitis and comorbid patients and showed marked improvement under reduced-price conditions. Safety-related discontinuations were infrequent across cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ixekizumab, tofacitinib, and golimumab are all cost-effective options for PsA. These findings support phenotype-guided therapeutic decisions and highlight the influence of drug pricing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"419-427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gittan Blezer, Karl Patterson, Tomáš MIčoch, Jana Alahakoon, Yizhen Lai, Vivek Khurana, Raquel Aguiar-Ibáñez
{"title":"Impact of early-stage immunotherapy on health and work productivity in the Czech Republic, 2024-2033.","authors":"Gittan Blezer, Karl Patterson, Tomáš MIčoch, Jana Alahakoon, Yizhen Lai, Vivek Khurana, Raquel Aguiar-Ibáñez","doi":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2634755","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737167.2026.2634755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the health and productivity impact of expanding the use of inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), referred to as anti-PD-(L)1 agents, to early-stage cancer treatment in the Czech Republic.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A four-state Markov-based model compared the use of anti-PD-(L)1 agents for early-stage disease (ESD) treatment of melanoma (stage IIB-C and III), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) versus the established use of anti-PD-(L)1 agents only for metastatic disease in the Czech Republic from 2024-2033. Outcomes included recurrence-/event-/disease-free life-years (LYs), total LYs, quality-adjusted LYs (QALYs), productive work years, events/recurrences, metastatic disease treatments, and deaths.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 16,410 eligible patients, 13,745 initiated ESD treatment with anti-PD-(L)1 agents. ESD treatment was estimated to increase recurrence-/event-/disease-free LYs (+10.6%), QALYs (+4.1%), and productive years for both patients (+22.1%) and caregivers (+21.0%), while decreasing events/recurrences (-22.2%), metastatic treatments (-17.6%), and total deaths (-23.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Expanding the use of anti-PD-(L)1 agents for early-stage cancer treatment in the Czech Republic is expected to reduce events/recurrences and metastatic treatments while also extending survival, quality-of-life, and productive work years, supporting the clinical and societal value of earlier use of innovative immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12244,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research","volume":" ","pages":"429-441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}