Facial Plastic SurgeryPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1055/a-2370-2426
Asalet Yener, Vikas Acharya, Peter Andrews, Catherine Meller, Eamon Shamil
{"title":"The Role of Botulinum Toxin A Neuromodulator in the Management of Synkinesis in Facial Palsy.","authors":"Asalet Yener, Vikas Acharya, Peter Andrews, Catherine Meller, Eamon Shamil","doi":"10.1055/a-2370-2426","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2370-2426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facial palsy describes the denervation of the facial nerve leading to difficulty in facial animation and expression. Facial synkinesis is the result of complex pathological nerve regeneration following damage to the facial nerve axons. Synkinesis in facial palsy can be managed using facial neuromuscular rehabilitation, botulinum toxin neuromodulators, and surgical treatment options. Botulinum toxin A can be used as an adjunct to other treatment options to manage synkinesis. This article will explore the role of botulinum toxin A in the management of synkinesis in facial palsy including the clinical assessment, injection location (muscles targeted), dosages, treatment interval, and long-term results. It will also include surgical management options.</p>","PeriodicalId":12195,"journal":{"name":"Facial Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"395-400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facial Plastic SurgeryPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1055/a-2318-0866
Germán A Soto-Galindo, Meshari Saghir, Fazil Apaydin
{"title":"Twelve Steps to Optimize Scar Outcomes in External Rhinoplasty.","authors":"Germán A Soto-Galindo, Meshari Saghir, Fazil Apaydin","doi":"10.1055/a-2318-0866","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2318-0866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A well-healed scar extends beyond a mere superficial concern, reflecting the precision and care underlying the surgery. This study addresses the lack of recent literature on the complete closure technique for external rhinoplasty scars, emphasizing its potential impact on patient satisfaction and overall aesthetic quality. The main purpose of this article was to introduce and assess the efficacy of a novel closing suture technique for external rhinoplasty and emphasize on 12 specific steps for wound closure. A cohort of 104 patients who underwent external rhinoplasty utilizing the proposed closing suture technique were evaluated. Standardized photographic documentation and scar assessment were performed using the Vancouver-Manchester scale, considering notching, skin level differences, pigmentation, and overall appearance. The surgical approach involved a combination of vertical mattress and interrupted simple sutures, creating an effective closure framework. Analysis revealed an absence of poor scars, with 83.6% classified as good. Note that 65.5% of the good scars achieved a perfect 6-point score. While one moderate scar scored 3 points, the majority demonstrated optimal outcomes. Clinical photographs further illustrated the technique's success, showcasing imperceptible scars and reinforcing the efficacy of the complete closure approach. Our study introduces and assesses the efficacy of the complete closure technique for external rhinoplasty scars. The approach consistently yields positive outcomes, with an emphasis on almost imperceptible scars. While not achieving a 100% imperceptible scar rate, this study underscores the need for ongoing research to refine techniques and enhance patient satisfaction in external rhinoplasty. The proposed technique contributes significantly to scar management practices and encourages further exploration within the evolving landscape of rhinoplasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":12195,"journal":{"name":"Facial Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"313-318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facial Plastic SurgeryPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788325
Muhammad Adil Abbas Khan, Yangmyung Ma, Dallan Dargan, Noemi Kelemen, Dujanah Bhatti, Armaan Riaz, Muhammad Riaz
{"title":"Open Neck Lift: Surgical Technique and A Clinical Classification for Cervical Rejuvenation.","authors":"Muhammad Adil Abbas Khan, Yangmyung Ma, Dallan Dargan, Noemi Kelemen, Dujanah Bhatti, Armaan Riaz, Muhammad Riaz","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788325","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Careful evaluation of the neck and its relationship to the lower third of the face is fundamental to provide appropriate recommendations for procedures. The authors propose a modified Baker \"clinical\" classification as a more reliable and reproducible evaluative basis for the treatment of the aging neck. A total of 450 patients underwent procedures for cervical rejuvenation between December 2012 and December 2022 by the senior author. These included 9 cases of neck liposuction, 6 isolated neck lifts, 15 minimal access cranial suspension face lifts, 94 face lifts with open neck lifts, and 326 extended R-face and neck lifts. The male-to-female ratio was 1:20. The mean patient age was 59.1 years and the mean follow-up was 14 months (range 11.5-20 months). From the data, a modified Baker clinical classification for the aging neck was formulated along with recommendations for possible solutions. Ninety-four percent of the patients expressed high satisfaction on the Owsley Facelift Satisfaction Survey at 1-year follow-up. The complication rate was 1.78% (8 patients), including 1 hematoma, 1 skin edge necrosis (1 cm), 1 slow healing site (postauricular), 3 limited postauricular/earlobe scar revisions, and 2 mild contour irregularities. Cervical rejuvenation can be achieved by a spectrum of interventions and approaches. A comprehensive preoperative assessment and a clinical neck lift classification are the keys to selecting the correct surgical technique for achieving reliable and consistent results. The authors propose a pragmatic approach for both isolated and integrated neck lift procedures with excellent aesthetic outcomes and minimal complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12195,"journal":{"name":"Facial Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"371-376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facial Plastic SurgeryPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1055/a-2297-4494
Netanel Eisenbach, Matti Mizrachi, Amiel A Dror, Rania Faris, Tali Jane Ohayon, Ohad Ronen, Eyal Sela
{"title":"Rhinoplasty Health Inventory and Nasal Outcomes (RHINO) Scale: Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation for Hebrew-Speaking Patients.","authors":"Netanel Eisenbach, Matti Mizrachi, Amiel A Dror, Rania Faris, Tali Jane Ohayon, Ohad Ronen, Eyal Sela","doi":"10.1055/a-2297-4494","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2297-4494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient-reported outcomes questionnaires are accepted measurement tools to evaluate procedures results. The Rhinoplasty Health Inventory and Nasal Outcomes (RHINO) scale is an English-language validated and reliable quality-of-life instrument that evaluates both functional and aesthetic outcomes after rhinoplasty, and is not available in Hebrew. We followed the forward-and-back-translation method, defined by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Translation of the RHINO scale and merging it into one version were performed, following back-translation and validation on native Hebrew-speaking patients who underwent rhinoplasty and control healthy group. Lastly, we review and analyzed the results. The translated questionnaire had high reliability measures, demonstrating homogeneity (α value 0.800 in the rhinoplasty group and 0.896 in the control group), test-retest reproducibility with no significant difference (<i>p</i> = 0.5), and high agreement scores represented by the Bland-Altman plot (95% limits of agreement ranged from 8.78 to 9.80). Validity demonstrated by significant differences between the two study groups' mean questionnaire scores (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for rhinoplasty vs. controls, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for preoperative vs. postoperative, and <i>p</i> = 0.002 for postoperative vs. control group) and also between the aesthetic scores and functional scores of the rhinoplasty group before and after the surgery (<i>p</i> < 0.001). There were no reported understanding problems. The Hebrew version of the RHINO scale is a reliable and valid tool for pre- and post-rhinoplasty surgery outcomes measuring among Hebrew-speaking patients, and can improve coordination of expectations, follow-up, and quantify subjective evaluation of the surgery. Level of evidence: IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":12195,"journal":{"name":"Facial Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"277-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facial Plastic SurgeryPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1055/a-2358-9401
Jonathan Leckenby, Keith Sweitzer, Timothy Olsen, Danielle Mayorga-Young, David Milek, Adriaan Grobbelaar
{"title":"Current Treatments and Future Directions for Facial Paralysis.","authors":"Jonathan Leckenby, Keith Sweitzer, Timothy Olsen, Danielle Mayorga-Young, David Milek, Adriaan Grobbelaar","doi":"10.1055/a-2358-9401","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2358-9401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facial palsy is a condition that affects the facial nerve, the seventh of the 12 cranial nerves. Its main function is to control the muscles of facial expression. This involves the ability to express emotion through controlling the position of the mouth, the eyebrow, nostrils, and eye closure. The facial nerve also plays a key role in maintaining the posture of the mouth and as such, people with facial paralysis often have problems with drooling, speech, and dental hygiene.Due to the devastating effects on the quality of life of individuals with facial palsy, there are a multitude of various treatment options for the paralyzed face. This article reviews current management strategies and points towards promising future directions for research in the field of facial reanimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12195,"journal":{"name":"Facial Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"386-394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facial Plastic SurgeryPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-04-27DOI: 10.1055/a-2315-7612
Hanna N Luong, Alice S Liu, Basel A Sharaf, Uldis Bite, Lilly H Wagner
{"title":"Effect of Facial Feminization Surgery (FFS) on Eyelid Anatomic Features.","authors":"Hanna N Luong, Alice S Liu, Basel A Sharaf, Uldis Bite, Lilly H Wagner","doi":"10.1055/a-2315-7612","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2315-7612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facial feminization surgery (FFS) improves gender dysphoria. The brows and eyes are crucial in perceived gender, yet brow and eyelid surgeries are relatively underutilized. This study aimed to determine rates of brow and eyelid surgeries as part of FFS and characterize pre- and postoperative periocular features. We conducted a retrospective review to identify all patients with the diagnosis of gender dysphoria who underwent FFS at a single academic institution from 2019 to 2022. Thirty-four patients comprising 38 surgical cases were included. Twelve (35%) eyelid surgeries and 27 (79%) brow lifts were performed. Baseline eyelid measurements did not differ between brow lift and nonbrow lift cases. Those undergoing brow lift and eyelid surgery were older in age (<i>p</i> = 0.022), had a higher rate of negative canthal tilt (<i>p</i> = 0.050), and smaller baseline margin-reflex distance 1 (<i>p</i> = 0.014) than patients who had brow lift alone. Brow lift increased tarsal platform show (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and lash-to-brow distance (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), and upper blepharoplasty increased tarsal platform show (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Rates of brow lift are high at our institution, and patients are appropriately selected for eyelid surgery in FFS. Brow lift and upper blepharoplasty can feminize anatomical features when using standards described for cisgender cohorts. The impact of periocular features on gender perception in transgender patients warrants further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12195,"journal":{"name":"Facial Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"307-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facial Plastic SurgeryPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1055/a-2338-0701
Ayhan Işık Erdal, Bilge Kaan İsmail, Serhat Şibar
{"title":"Role of Membranous Septum in the Alar-Columellar Relationship: Strategies in Closed-Approach Rhinoplasty.","authors":"Ayhan Işık Erdal, Bilge Kaan İsmail, Serhat Şibar","doi":"10.1055/a-2338-0701","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2338-0701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A normal alar-columellar relationship is crucial for lower third finesse in rhinoplasty. Hanging columella is a common complaint in the alar-columellar relationship and membranous septum excision is frequently recommended for its correction. This paper focuses on the role of the membranous septum in achieving a normal alar-columellar relationship. It was aimed to present an algorithm that could be used for aberrancies in the alar-columellar relationship.Ninety-seven patients who underwent closed-approach rhinoplasty between January and December 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Routine tip plasty maneuvers were performed on all patients. Membrane septum excision was not performed in any of the cases. Standardized preoperative and postoperative 12-month lateral view photographs were scanned for hanging or retracted columella.Hanging columella was observed in seven patients preoperatively (<i>n</i> = 97). No hanging or retracted columella was observed postoperatively.Hanging columella can be successfully corrected with alternative surgical maneuvers without excision of the membranous septum in closed-approach rhinoplasty in appropriate cases. Complete preservation of the membranous septum does not cause hanging columella in the postoperative period.</p>","PeriodicalId":12195,"journal":{"name":"Facial Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"347-351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zexiong Cheng, Wenjie Xia, Jingping Shi, Chi Zhang
{"title":"Differences in Gaze Patterns for Facial Areas of the Asian Human Face between Female Patients Undergoing Upper Blepharoplasty and Nonoperators: An Eye-Tracking Analysis.","authors":"Zexiong Cheng, Wenjie Xia, Jingping Shi, Chi Zhang","doi":"10.1055/a-2589-3766","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2589-3766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blepharoplasty's psychological effects are well-studied, but its impact on social cognition, particularly gaze behavior, remains unexplored. Understanding how cosmetic surgery alters visual attention to faces has implications for patient counseling and social interaction research.We hypothesized that postblepharoplasty patients would exhibit altered gaze patterns, specifically increased attention to eyes due to heightened self-awareness. Primary outcomes were fixation duration and time to first fixation on facial regions.Case-control study (STROBE guidelines) comparing 20 females who underwent upper blepharoplasty alone with 20 nonoperated controls.Participants viewed standardized AI-generated Asian faces while eye-tracking recorded fixation metrics. ANOVA compared groups (IRB-approved). AI was used solely for image generation.Patients after upper blepharoplasty alone showed longer eye fixation (male: <i>p</i> = 0.03; female: <i>p</i> = 0.041) and faster female eye fixation (<i>p</i> = 0.029). Male forehead fixation increased (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Other regions showed no difference.Blepharoplasty modifies visual attention, potentially reflecting postsurgical self-perception changes. Findings suggest cosmetic procedures may influence social cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12195,"journal":{"name":"Facial Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation and Treatment Planning to Maximize Perioral, Submental, and Neck Aesthetics.","authors":"Cheng Ma, Aniruddha Parikh, Jessyka G Lighthall","doi":"10.1055/a-2597-6850","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2597-6850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aesthetic rejuvenation of the perioral, submental, and neck regions is a complex topic with multiple different treatment approaches. Aging changes in the skin, muscles, fat and soft tissue, and bones are driven by multiple internal and external factors. To obtain the best cosmetic outcome, a deep understanding of the perioral, submental, and neck region and proper patient evaluation are necessary. Here, we discuss the process of evaluating patients and planning treatment for perioral, submental, and neck rejuvenation.Patients presenting for evaluation of perioral, submental, and neck aging may have multiple aesthetic complaints. The approach to evaluating patients should be comprehensive and consistent. This involves careful history taking and consideration of medical co-morbidities, a thorough evaluation of the skin, tone, dynamic movement, and soft-tissue distribution of each subunit, and individualized pretreatment counseling to discuss risks and set expectations.An individualized plan may consist of either nonsurgical, surgical or a combination of approaches. Nonsurgical approaches excel at addressing aging skin, volume deficits, and overactivation of facial musculature. Surgical approaches address more severe manifestations of skin aging, uneven volume distribution, loss of contour in the jaw and neck, and bony deformities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12195,"journal":{"name":"Facial Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Torin Thielhelm, Katherine Liu, Maria Mavrommatis, Joshua D Rosenberg
{"title":"Considerations for maximizing perioral aesthetics in gender affirming surgery.","authors":"Torin Thielhelm, Katherine Liu, Maria Mavrommatis, Joshua D Rosenberg","doi":"10.1055/a-2605-7963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2605-7963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Not prAims and Background: Perioral aesthetics are a critical component of facial gender-affirming surgery (FGAS). The goal of this paper is to review the philosophy, techniques and evidence supporting perioral aesthetics in FGAS with specific attention to the lips, chin, and submentum.</p><p><strong>Anatomy: </strong>Masculine appearance is typically associated with greater upper lip height, labial volume, and mouth width, while female appearance exhibits increased upper incisor show with a softer, tapered chin shape. The masculine chin is wider and taller with greater anterior projection, while the feminine chin is typically more narrowed. The contour of the submentum is impacted by skeletal and soft tissue differences, with males displaying a more angular profile.</p><p><strong>Techniques: </strong>Techniques for lip feminization include the subnasal lip lift and various injectables for altering lip contour. For chin contouring, several genioplasty techniques exist, including the T-genioplasty. These procedures may utilize virtual surgical planning (VSP). Submental liposuction and platysmaplasty can refine the submental area to highlight underlying osseous structures. Augmentation of the mandible, typically using implants, can be utilized for masculinization of the perioral region.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Careful attention to the lips, chin, and submentum can help achieve desired outcomes in both facial feminization and masculinization. A comprehensive understanding of perioral anatomy and an individualized technique selection are vital for achieving optimal FGAS outcomes. ovided.</p>","PeriodicalId":12195,"journal":{"name":"Facial Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}