Samuele Cortese, Guilherme Fusetto Veronesi, Alessandra Gabellone, Anna Margari, Lucia Marzulli, Emilia Matera, Maria Giuseppina Petruzelli, Francesco Maria Piarulli, Fabio Tarantino, Alessio Bellato, Valeria Parlatini, Ebba Du Rietz, Henrik Larsson, Samantha Hornsey, Cathy Hill, Lucia Margari
{"title":"The management of sleep disturbances in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an update of the literature.","authors":"Samuele Cortese, Guilherme Fusetto Veronesi, Alessandra Gabellone, Anna Margari, Lucia Marzulli, Emilia Matera, Maria Giuseppina Petruzelli, Francesco Maria Piarulli, Fabio Tarantino, Alessio Bellato, Valeria Parlatini, Ebba Du Rietz, Henrik Larsson, Samantha Hornsey, Cathy Hill, Lucia Margari","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2353692","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2353692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep disorders represent an important comorbidity in individuals with ADHD. While the links between ADHD and sleep disturbances have been extensively investigated, research on the management of sleep disorders in individuals with ADHD is relatively limited, albeit expanding.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The authors searched PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, Embase+Embase Classic, Web of Sciences databases, and clinicaltrials.gov up to 4 January 2024, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of any intervention for sleep disorders associated with ADHD. They retained 16 RCTs (eight on pharmacological and eight on non-pharmacological interventions), supporting behavioral intervention and melatonin, and nine ongoing RCTs registered on clinicaltrials.gov.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The pool of RCTs testing interventions for sleep disorders in individuals with ADHD is expanding. However, to inform clinical guidelines, there is a need for additional research in several areas, including 1) RCTs based on a precise phenotyping of sleep disorders; 2) pragmatic RCTs recruiting neurodevelopmental populations representative of those seen in clinical services; 3) trials testing alternative interventions (e.g. suvorexant or light therapy) or ways to deliver them (e.g. online); 4) sequential and longer-term RCTs; 5) studies testing the impact of sleep interventions on outcomes other than sleep; 6) and implementation of advanced evidence synthesis and precision medicine approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"585-596"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Iorio-Morin, David Mathieu, Andrea Franzini, Mojgan Hodaie, Samuelle-Arianne Villeneuve, Andréanne Hamel, Andres M Lozano
{"title":"Radiosurgical thalamotomy for essential tremor: state of the art, current challenges and future directions.","authors":"Christian Iorio-Morin, David Mathieu, Andrea Franzini, Mojgan Hodaie, Samuelle-Arianne Villeneuve, Andréanne Hamel, Andres M Lozano","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2351512","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2351512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Essential tremor (ET) is the most frequent movement disorder, affecting up to 5% of adults > 65 years old. In 30-50% of cases, optimal medical management provides insufficient tremor relief and surgical options are considered. Thalamotomy is a time-honored intervention, which can be performed using radiofrequency (RF), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), or magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasounds (MRgFUS). While the latter has received considerable attention in the last decade, SRS has consistently been demonstrated as an effective and well-tolerated option.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review discusses the evidence on SRS thalamotomy for ET. Modern workflows and emerging techniques are detailed. Current outcomes are analyzed, with a specific focus on tremor reduction, complications and radiological evolution of the lesions. Challenges for the field are highlighted.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>SRS thalamotomy improves tremor in > 80% patients. The efficacy appears comparable to other modalities, including DBS, RF and MRgFUS. Side effects result mostly from idiosyncratic hyper-responses to radiation, which occur in up to 10% of treatments, are usually self-resolving, and are symptomatic in < 4% of patients. Future research should focus on accumulating more data on bilateral treatments, collecting long-term outcomes, refining targeting, and improving lesion consistency.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"597-605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An overview of the differences in the pharmacological management of post-traumatic stress disorder between women and men.","authors":"Donatella Marazziti, Lara Foresi Crowther, Alessandro Arone","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2355259","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2355259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling psychiatric condition with a worldwide prevalence between 6% and 9%, and more common in the female than in the male sex. The aim of this paper is to review and comment on the different factors that might explain the discrepancies in the pharmacological management of women and men.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The available literature shows that there exists a vulnerability of women to develop PTSD that may depend on neurobiological as well as environmental/cultural factors. These variables might influence the clinical picture, the outcome and the response to specific treatments, given their consequences on the pharmacokinetics of commonly prescribed drugs. Women suffering from PTSD are more prone to consult and receive more prescriptions of psychotropic drugs than men. However, it is evident that the particular stages of a women's life such as pregnancy or breastfeeding might require a specific evaluation and care.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>It is necessary to explore the pharmacokinetics of compounds highlighting sex-related differences, and their safety during pregnancy and lactation. Taking care of differences between women and men should represent a main focus of research, while being a primary target towards a really tailored pharmacological treatment of PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"575-584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141075867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Cuomo, Giovanni Barillà, Matteo Cattolico, Simone Pardossi, Elisa Mariantoni, Despoina Koukouna, Pietro Carmellini, Andrea Fagiolini
{"title":"Perspectives on the impact of vortioxetine on the treatment armamentarium of major depressive disorder.","authors":"Alessandro Cuomo, Giovanni Barillà, Matteo Cattolico, Simone Pardossi, Elisa Mariantoni, Despoina Koukouna, Pietro Carmellini, Andrea Fagiolini","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2333394","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2333394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mental health issue that significantly affects patients' quality of life and functioning. Despite available treatments, many patients continue to suffer due to incomplete symptom resolution and side effects.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This manuscript examines Vortioxetine's role in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) treatment, highlighting its potential to reshape therapeutic strategies due to its unique Multimodal action and proven broad-spectrum efficacy in multiple depressive domains. A detailed examination of Vortioxetine's pharmacological aspects, including indications, dosage, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics, is provided, emphasizing its safety and effectiveness. The discussion extends to Vortioxetine's role in acute-phase treatment and maintenance of MDD and its profound impact on specialized depression domains.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Vortioxetine is distinguished for its novel multimodal serotonin modulation mechanism, showcasing significant promise as an innovative treatment for MDD. Its efficacy, which is dose-dependent, along with a commendable tolerability profile, positions it as a potential leading option for initial treatment strategies. The discourse on dosage titration, particularly the strategy of initiating treatment at lower doses followed by gradual escalation, underscores the approach toward minimizing initial adverse effects while optimizing therapeutic outcomes, aligning with the principles of personalized medicine in psychiatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"465-476"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140305357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir Maletic, Gregory W Mattingly, Jami Earnest
{"title":"Viloxazine extended-release capsules as an emerging treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.","authors":"Vladimir Maletic, Gregory W Mattingly, Jami Earnest","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2327533","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2327533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. Viloxazine extended-release (ER) capsules (Qelbree®) is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved nonstimulant treatment option for children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review manuscript summarizes the neurobiology of ADHD and currently available treatment options before discussing viloxazine pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and tolerability data from phase II and III trials in children and adolescents (6-17 years old). Viloxazine clinical efficacy has also been further demonstrated by post hoc analyses of pediatric clinical trial results.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Current stimulant and nonstimulant treatments for ADHD may be suboptimal given low response rates and that tolerability issues are frequently experienced. Preclinical and clinical evidence has implicated both the role of catecholamine and serotonin signaling in the pathophysiology of ADHD and the pharmacologic effect of viloxazine on these critical neurotransmitter systems. With a relatively rapid onset of action, sustained symptom improvement, and clinical benefit in ADHD-associated impairments (functional and social), viloxazine ER represents a novel and emerging ADHD treatment option.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"443-455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pharmacotherapy and cognitive bias modification for the treatment of anxiety disorders.","authors":"Qingyan Kong, Buxin Han","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2334847","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2334847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anxiety disorders are characterized by widespread and persistent anxiety or recurrent panic attacks. As a result of their high prevalence, chronicity, and comorbidity, patients' quality of life and functioning are severely compromised. However, several patients do not receive treatment.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review discusses the effectiveness, safety, and limitations of major medications and cognitive bias modification (CBM) for treating anxiety disorders. The possibility of combined treatment is also discussed in the literature. Furthermore, drawing on Chinese cultural perspectives, the authors suggest that anxiety can be recognized, measured, and coped with at three levels of skill (), vision (), and Tao ().</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The combination of pharmacotherapy and CBM is possibly more effective in treating anxiety disorders than either treatment alone. However, clinicians and patients should participate in the joint decision-making process and consider comprehensive factors. Moderate anxiety has adaptive significance. In the coming years, by combining the downward analytical system of western culture with the upward integrative system of Chinese culture, a comprehensive understanding of anxiety and anxiety disorders should be established, rather than focusing only on their treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"517-525"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sawsan Alabbad, Nathalia Figueredo, Hsiangkuo Yuan, Stephen Silberstein
{"title":"Developments in targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide.","authors":"Sawsan Alabbad, Nathalia Figueredo, Hsiangkuo Yuan, Stephen Silberstein","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2332754","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2332754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP)-targeted therapy has revolutionized migraine treatment since its first approval in 2018. CGRP-targeted therapy includes monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and gepants, which modulate trigeminal nociceptive and inflammatory responses, alleviating pain sensitization involved in migraine pathogenesis. CGRP-targeted therapy is effective not only for migraine but also for other chronic headache disorders that share the CGRP pathway.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The authors review the latest developments and evidence for CGRP-targeted therapy for episodic migraine and chronic migraine. In addition, the authors discuss the emerging evidence on response prediction, menstrual migraine, vestibular migraine, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, post-traumatic headache, and the relationship between selected migraine comorbidities and CGRP.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Since the launch of CGRP-targeted therapy, many practical issues have been raised. Generally, it's safe to combine CGRP-targeted mAbs and gepants; this is an excellent option for patients with partial response. When considering stopping CGRP-targeted therapy, although a disease-modifying effect is likely, the optimal time for discontinuation remains unknown. Finally, beyond migraine, CGRP-targeted therapy may be used for other chronic pain disorders and psychological comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"477-485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orexins and primary headaches: an overview of the neurobiology and clinical impact.","authors":"Emily C Stanyer, Jan Hoffmann, Philip R Holland","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2328728","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2328728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Primary headaches, including migraines and cluster headaches, are highly prevalent disorders that significantly impact quality of life. Several factors suggest a key role for the hypothalamus, including neuroimaging studies, attack periodicity, and the presence of altered homeostatic regulation. The orexins are two neuropeptides synthesized almost exclusively in the lateral hypothalamus with widespread projections across the central nervous system. They are involved in an array of functions including homeostatic regulation and nociception, suggesting a potential role in primary headaches.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes current knowledge of the neurobiology of orexins, their involvement in sleep-wake regulation, nociception, and functions relevant to the associated symptomology of headache disorders. Preclinical reports of the antinociceptive effects of orexin-A in preclinical models are discussed, as well as clinical evidence for the potential involvement of the orexinergic system in headache.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Several lines of evidence support the targeted modulation of orexinergic signaling in primary headaches. Critically, orexins A and B, acting differentially via the orexin 1 and 2 receptors, respectively, demonstrate differential effects on trigeminal pain processing, indicating why dual-receptor antagonists failed to show clinical efficacy. The authors propose that orexin 1 receptor agonists or positive allosteric modulators should be the focus of future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11034548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amy Bedward, Jasmine Kaur, Sadiyah Seedat, Holly Donohue, Chia Siang Kow, Muhammad Kamran Rasheed, Amaan Javed, Syed Shahzad Hasan
{"title":"Pharmacological interventions to improve sleep in people with Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Amy Bedward, Jasmine Kaur, Sadiyah Seedat, Holly Donohue, Chia Siang Kow, Muhammad Kamran Rasheed, Amaan Javed, Syed Shahzad Hasan","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2341004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2024.2341004","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving pharmacological interventions for improving sleep in people with Alzheimer’s disea...","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}