{"title":"Novel therapeutic targets for abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment: evidence from recent preclinical research.","authors":"Shivshankar Thanigaimani, Jonathan Golledge","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2638755","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2638755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The absence of any treatment for small abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) highlights the urgent need for an effective drug therapy.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review examined recent evidence from research involving mouse models of AAA aimed at investigating novel drug targets to limit AAA growth and rupture, which validated findings using patient samples. Mechanisms implicated in AAA pathogenesis identified included extracellular matrix remodeling, lipid metabolism dysregulation, inflammatory and immune mediators, microRNA and epigenetic dysregulation, and pro-thrombotic pathways.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Future research should focus on developing animal models that more accurately mimic human AAA to reliably test the effect of drug targets. Improving drug specificity and minimizing systemic exposure by achieving targeted delivery of nanoparticles or adeno-associated viral vectors could be crucial to enhance efficacy and safety. A well-designed systematic integrated cross-species analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data from human AAA and different models of animal AAA could be of value to identify differentially expressed genes across species, highlight conserved therapeutic targets, reveal which AAA induction method appropriately models each aspect of the human disease, and guide the selection of animal models, thereby enhancing translational relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"245-260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147304346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleksandr Orativskyi, Caroline E Geisler, Matthew R Hayes, Robert P Doyle
{"title":"Therapeutic potential for glial-derived octadecaneuropeptide in the treatment of obesity.","authors":"Oleksandr Orativskyi, Caroline E Geisler, Matthew R Hayes, Robert P Doyle","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2625931","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2625931","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"179-182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12944210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IGFBP-6 as a potential therapeutic target in musculoskeletal disorders.","authors":"Margherita Maranesi, Giulia Cenci, Pierluigi Antinolfi, Gabriella Guelfi, Arcangelo Liso","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2638750","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2638750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6 (IGFBP-6) is a member of the IGFBP family with unique and relevant biological properties. Emerging evidence suggests that IGFBP-6 plays a critical role in musculoskeletal homeostasis and pathology, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent mechanisms to include IGF-independent effects on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. IGFBP-6 is implicated in the regulation of inflammatory and fibrotic processes within articular tissues and tendons, influencing disease onset and progression.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>This review explores current knowledge on the molecular and cellular functions of IGFBP-6 in bone, muscle, articular cartilage and tendon biology, highlights its contribution to degenerative and reparative mechanisms, and discusses its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in musculoskeletal disorders of humans, laboratory animals, and domestic animals.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>IGFBP-6 is expected to shift from a peripheral IGF modulator to a key node in musculoskeletal homeostasis as a result of the convergence of mechanical and extracellular signaling paradigms. A new avenue for focused intervention is defined by its junction with extracellular vesicle-mediated communication and IGF/SHH signaling. A new class of mechano-epigenetic modulators for fibrotic and articular diseases could be introduced by IGFBP-6-based therapies, which capitalize on its extracellular accessibility and domain-specific versatility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"261-272"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anders Berg Wulff, Anette Varbo, Ask Tybjærg Nordestgaard, Børge G Nordestgaard
{"title":"Feasibility of remnant cholesterol as a therapeutic target for atherosclerotic cardio-vascular disease.","authors":"Anders Berg Wulff, Anette Varbo, Ask Tybjærg Nordestgaard, Børge G Nordestgaard","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2639678","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2639678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Elevated plasma concentration of remnant cholesterol, the cholesterol in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in large observational epidemiological and Mendelian randomization studies. Novel drugs with pronounced remnant cholesterol-lowering effects are developed; however, their effect on risk of ASCVD remains to be documented.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Observational epidemiological and Mendelian randomization studies and randomized controlled trials examine plasma remnant cholesterol levels as an emerging drug target for ASCVD prevention.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Observational epidemiological and genetic studies strongly indicate that elevated remnant cholesterol is a causal risk factor for ASCVD. In randomized controlled trials of individuals with elevated plasma triglyceride levels up to 10 mmol/L (880 mg/dL), apoCIII and ANGPTL3 and 4 inhibitors and FGF21 analogues lower remnant cholesterol levels by 50-80%, and large cardiovascular outcome trials of these novel drugs are therefore well positioned to provide definitive evidence of clinical benefit. However, for these trials to succeed, lowering of remnant cholesterol must be accompanied by a lowering of total apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins. If such trials succeed, remnant cholesterol lowering may become an important target for ASCVD prevention among patients with residual ASCVD risk due to elevated non-HDL cholesterol levels despite statin therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"229-244"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147304360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saurav Singla, Uma Jyoti, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Sushma Devi
{"title":"The emerging endogenous peptide Apelin 13 in diabetes and its related complications: a narrative review.","authors":"Saurav Singla, Uma Jyoti, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Sushma Devi","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2638751","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2638751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Apelin-13, an active peptide in the apelinergic system, is essential for glucose regulation, insulin sensitivity, and vascular homeostasis. Its significance lies in its ability to manage diabetes and its consequences through novel mechanistic insights.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review investigates the therapeutic potential of Apelin-13, focusing on preclinical and emerging clinical evidence. A structured literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with a focus on studies that reported molecular processes, signaling pathways, and disease-modifying effects of Apelin-13 in diabetes and related comorbidities. Key studies show that it improves insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and endothelial function via activating the PI3K/Akt, AMPK, and eNOS pathways.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Apelin-13 decreases oxidative stress and inflammation through the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis, protects against cardiac remodeling by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB pathways, and prevents renal fibrosis through AMPK-mediated autophagy. Regulating VEGF and TNF-α signaling helps reduce vascular leakage and neuroinflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"273-292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hide and seek: targeting nuclear receptor PXR with inhibitors and PROTACs to improve drug efficacy and safety.","authors":"Andrew D Huber, Taosheng Chen","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2639693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2639693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"183-186"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncovering targets and molecular pathways for personalizing treatment in epilepsy.","authors":"Filip Rosa, Holger Lerche","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2638746","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2638746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite licensing many new antiseizure drugs over the last few decades, the proportion of pharmacoresistant epileptic seizures has remained largely unchanged at about 30%. However, recent progress in genetics has revealed new and more specific therapeutic targets that can be addressed through improved drug design and advancements in gene therapy, such as improved antisense oligonucleotide chemistry. Furthermore, many of these developing new precision therapies hold the promise of shifting from purely symptomatic toward disease-modifying treatment, particularly in the field of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This article focuses on novel potential therapeutic targets, including those encoded by causative genes for epileptic syndromes and those that show promise for favorably impacting common epilepsies or epileptogenesis. The covered areas are organized according to different molecular protein targets.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Therapy in the near future will likely be based predominantly on specific small molecules or gene therapies, such as antisense oligonucleotides. Among currently used allele-specific therapeutic designs, only some loss- or gain-of-function pathological variants are expected to profit from them. Allele-specific gene therapy may be a promising treatment for those diseases that would not benefit from currently used allele-nonspecific designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"213-227"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jialin Wu, Bonan Chen, Fuda Xie, Jiahui Hu, Mingyu Liang, Yang Lyu, Peiyao Yu, Tiejun Feng, Ruoxi Tian, Wei Kang
{"title":"YAP1 signaling and cancer: molecular pathways reveal novel targeting opportunities.","authors":"Jialin Wu, Bonan Chen, Fuda Xie, Jiahui Hu, Mingyu Liang, Yang Lyu, Peiyao Yu, Tiejun Feng, Ruoxi Tian, Wei Kang","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2638749","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2638749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Hippo pathway plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, regulating organ size, and controlling cellular processes. YAP1/TAZ activation drives oncogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy by promoting key cellular behaviors such as immune evasion and tumor cell survival.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review synthesizes current advances in understanding how YAP1 and its paralog TAZ drive tumor initiation and progression. We highlight their central roles in sustaining cancer stem cell properties, promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and shaping an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Emerging therapeutic approaches targeting the YAP1/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional complex, including small-molecule disruptors of TEAD auto-palmitoylation, are evaluated alongside the challenges posed by pathway redundancy and context-dependent effects.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Therapeutically inhibiting YAP1/TAZ signaling holds substantial promise. Yet the dual physiological roles of YAP1 in tissue repair and stemness underscore the need for highly selective and temporally controlled interventions. Rational combinations, such as pairing YAP1/TEAD inhibitors with immune checkpoint blockade, anti-fibrotic agents, may enhance clinical benefit. Future work should prioritize the development of robust biomarkers of YAP1 activation, deeper mapping of TEAD-dependent versus TEAD-independent functions, and optimization of strategies that maximize antitumor efficacy while limiting systemic toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"187-201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147289586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lipopolysaccharide-targeting treatments for multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.","authors":"Meggie Wang, Natalia V Kirienko","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2639679","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2639679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is an opportunistic, nosocomial, Gram-negative pathogen implicated in a wide variety of infection types and is especially problematic in chronic lung infections for patients with cystic fibrosis. Resistance to current antibiotics is frequent and rising, posing a serious public health threat, so development of new treatments is urgent.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review aims to describe the current variety of LPS-targeting anti-Pseudomonals, including antimicrobials, bacteriophages, and pyocins, and how research is working to combat the rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Pyocins, bacteriocins produced by <i>P.</i> <i>aeruginosa</i>, are an attractive potential treatment for MDR infections. Their high species-specificity, effective bactericidal activity, and relative stability and safety give them a promising treatment profile. It is likely that pyocin treatments could enter clinical testing, offering another lifeline for the future of combating <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"203-211"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary Freyberg, Mary M Torregrossa, Emily M Rocha
{"title":"VGLUT2 in Parkinson's disease: an emerging therapeutic target.","authors":"Zachary Freyberg, Mary M Torregrossa, Emily M Rocha","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2619754","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2619754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parkinson's disease is among the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders today and characterized by midbrain dopamine neuron degeneration. However, this cell loss is not uniform. Though most dopamine neuron loss occurs in the substantia nigra, some ventral tegmental area and dorsal-tier substantia nigra dopamine neurons are relatively resistant to degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Yet, the mechanisms underlying this dopamine neuron resilience remain unclear. Novel insights into neuronal resilience are provided by evidence of a midbrain dopamine neuron subpopulation that expresses the vesicular glutamate transporter 2, VGLUT2, and is more resistant to cell loss in both preclinical models and clinically in Parkinson's disease. Thus, VGLUT2 expression has emerged as a defining signature difference between vulnerable versus resilient dopamine neuron subpopulations.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Here, we review recent developments in the potential mechanisms of dopamine neuron resilience and the therapeutic potential associated with boosting cellular resilience via VGLUT2.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>We discuss approaches to maximize VGLUT2-mediated dopamine neuron resiliency. This includes increasing the efficiency of vesicular sequestration of dopamine to decrease generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and increasing levels of neuroprotective antioxidant glutathione. Taken together, VGLUT2-mediated pathways represent original directions to treat Parkinson's disease symptoms and modify disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12853294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}