{"title":"Assessing platelet-derived extracellular vesicles for potential as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases.","authors":"Xin Xin, Rory R Koenen","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2454617","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2025.2454617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEV) have attracted extensive attention in cardiovascular disease research in recent years because their cargo is involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes, such as thrombosis, immune response, promotion or inhibition of inflammatory response, promotion of angiogenesis as well as cell proliferation and migration.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review explores the role of PEV in various cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure), with relation to its molecular cargo (nucleic acids, bioactive lipids, proteins) and aims to provide new insights in the pathophysiologic role of PEV, and methods for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases based on PEV.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Studies have shown that the cargo of PEV may be dysregulated during cardiovascular disease and delivery to tissues can result in detrimental pathophysiologic effects. Counteracting this process might have the potential to inhibit inflammation, promote angiogenesis, and inhibit cardiomyocyte death. In addition, PEV have potential as biocompatible and autologous drug carriers. Therefore, better research on the mechanisms how PEV act during cardiovascular disease and could be implemented as a therapeutic will provide new perspectives for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Druggable genes for therapeutic targeting in PTH signaling for osteoporosis.","authors":"Chisato Sampei, Tadayoshi Hayata","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2443091","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2443091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Cav1.3 a feasible therapeutic target for a rare neurodevelopmental disorder?","authors":"Nadine J Ortner","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2442428","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2442428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unlocking the potential of melanotransferrin (CD228): implications for targeted drug development and novel therapeutic avenues.","authors":"Yanan Zhang, Deyong Song, Xiaolei Han, Hong Liu, Yunfan Wang, Xianju Wang, Changlin Dou","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2441705","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2441705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Melanotransferrin (CD228), a cell membrane-anchored protein, has emerged as a significant cancer antigen due to its high expression in various solid tumors. This review synthesizes the current understanding and therapeutic potential of CD228.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov with the keywords 'melanotransferrin' and 'CD228.' Our comprehensive review examines CD228 and its isoforms, membrane-bound CD228 (mMFI2) and soluble CD228 (sMFI2), their roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration, plasminogen activation, and transendothelial transport across the BBB, as well as the current state of drug development efforts targeting CD228.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Targeting CD228 represents a promising therapeutic strategy in oncology, with mMFI2 as a potential target for solid tumors and sMFI2 valuable for disease diagnosis in malignant tumors, Alzheimer's disease, and arthritis, and facilitating macromolecular drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite its potential to transform the treatment landscape for numerous solid cancers, further research into the precise mechanisms and clinical translation of CD228-directed treatments is needed to maximize its therapeutic utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RSK1 and RSK2 as therapeutic targets: an up-to-date snapshot of emerging data.","authors":"Ashley N Spirrison, Deborah A Lannigan","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2433123","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2433123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The four members of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family are serine/threonine protein kinases, which are phosphorylated and activated by ERK1/2. RSK1/2/3 are further phosphorylated by PDK1. Receiving inputs from two major signaling pathways places RSK as a key signaling node in numerous pathologies. A plethora of RSK1/2 substrates have been identified, and in the majority of cases the causative roles these RSK substrates play in the pathology are unknown.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The majority of studies have focused on RSK1/2 and their functions in a diverse group of cancers. However, RSK1/2 are known to have important functions in cardiovascular disease and neurobiological disorders. Based on the literature, we identified substrates that are common in these pathologies with the goal of identifying fundamental physiological responses to RSK1/2.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The core group of targets in pathologies driven by RSK1/2 are associated with the immune response. However, there is a paucity of the literature addressing RSK function in inflammation, which is critical to know as the pan RSK inhibitor, PMD-026, is entering phase II clinical trials for metastatic breast cancer. A RSK inhibitor has the potential to be used in numerous diverse diseases and disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1047-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xing Yi Yan, Yuan Yuan Kang, Ze Yan Zhang, Ping Huang, Chang Yang, Hua Naranmandura
{"title":"Therapeutic approaches targeting oncogenic proteins in myeloid leukemia: challenges and perspectives.","authors":"Xing Yi Yan, Yuan Yuan Kang, Ze Yan Zhang, Ping Huang, Chang Yang, Hua Naranmandura","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2443577","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2443577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Leukemia is typically categorized into myeloid leukemia and lymphoblastic leukemia based on the origins of leukemic cells. Myeloid leukemia is a group of clonal malignancies characterized by the presence of increased immature myeloid cells in both the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Of note, the aberrant expression of specific proteins or the generation of fusion proteins due to chromosomal abnormalities are well established drivers in various forms of myeloid leukemia. Therefore, these oncoproteins represent promising targets for drug development.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this review, we comprehensively discussed the pathogenesis of typical leukemia oncoproteins and the current landscape of small molecule drugs targeting these oncogenic proteins. Additionally, we elucidated novel strategies, including proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), hyperthermia, and genomic editing, which specifically degrade oncogenic proteins in myeloid malignancies.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Although small molecule drugs have significantly improved the prognosis of oncoprotein-driven myeloid leukemia patients, drug resistance due to the mutations in oncoproteins is still a great challenge in the clinic. New approaches such as PROTACs, hyperthermia, and genomic editing are considered promising approaches for the treatment of oncoprotein-driven leukemia, especially for drug-resistant mutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1131-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grace McIntyre, Zoe Jackson, Jose Colina, Sreeja Sekhar, Analisa DiFeo
{"title":"<i>miR-181a</i>: regulatory roles, cancer-associated signaling pathway disruptions, and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Grace McIntyre, Zoe Jackson, Jose Colina, Sreeja Sekhar, Analisa DiFeo","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2433687","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2433687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>microRNA-181a</i> (<i>miR-181a</i>) is a crucial post-transcriptional regulator of many mRNA transcripts and noncoding-RNAs, influencing cell proliferation, cancer cell stemness, apoptosis, and immune responses. Its abnormal expression is well-characterized in numerous cancers, establishing it as a significant genomic vulnerability and biomarker in cancer research.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Here, we summarize <i>miR-181a</i>'s correlation with poor patient outcomes across numerous cancers and the mechanisms governing <i>miR-181a</i>'s activity and processing. We comprehensively describe <i>miR-181a</i>'s involvement in multiple regulatory cancer signaling pathways, cellular processes, and the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss current therapeutic approaches to targeting <i>miR-181a</i>, highlighting their limitations and future potential.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong><i>miR-181a</i> is a clinically relevant pan-cancer biomarker with potential as a therapeutic target. Its regulatory control of tumorigenic signaling pathways and immune responses positions it as a promising candidate for personalized treatments. The success of <i>miR-181a</i> as a target relies on the development of specific therapeutics platforms. Future research on <i>miR-181a</i>'s role in the tumor microenvironment and the RNA binding proteins that regulate its stability will help uncover new techniques to targeting <i>miR-181a</i>. Further research into <i>miR-181a</i> serum levels in patients undergoing therapy will help to better stratify patients and enhance therapeutic success.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1061-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Gowtham, Chandan Chauhan, Vikrant Rahi, Ravinder K Kaundal
{"title":"An update on the role of ferroptosis in ischemic stroke: from molecular pathways to Neuroprotection.","authors":"A Gowtham, Chandan Chauhan, Vikrant Rahi, Ravinder K Kaundal","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2446319","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2446319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ischemic stroke (IS), a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, remains a significant healthcare challenge due to limited therapeutic options. Ferroptosis, a distinct iron-dependent form of regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, has emerged as a crucial mechanism in IS pathophysiology. This review explores the role of ferroptosis in IS and its potential for driving innovative therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>This review delves into the practical implications of ferroptosis in IS, focusing on molecular mechanisms like lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation, and their interplay with inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant system. It highlights ferroptotic proteins, small-molecule inhibitors, and non-coding RNA modulators as emerging therapeutic targets to mitigate neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death. Studies from PubMed (1982-2024) were identified using MeSH terms such as 'Ferroptosis' and 'Ischemic Stroke,' and only rigorously screened articles were included.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Despite preclinical evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of ferroptosis inhibitors, clinical translation faces hurdles such as suboptimal pharmacokinetics and safety concerns. Advances in drug delivery systems, bioinformatics, and AI-driven drug discovery may optimize ferroptosis-targeting strategies, develop biomarkers, and improve therapeutic outcomes for IS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1149-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reza Karami, Mehrdad Fathi, Pooya Jalali, Hadi Hassannia, Asieh Zarei, Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi, Farhad Jadidi
{"title":"The emerging role of TIM-3 in colorectal cancer: a promising target for immunotherapy.","authors":"Reza Karami, Mehrdad Fathi, Pooya Jalali, Hadi Hassannia, Asieh Zarei, Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi, Farhad Jadidi","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2442437","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2024.2442437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) imposes a substantial worldwide health burden, necessitating innovative strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes. T cell immunoglobulin-3 (Tim-3), an immune checkpoint, enhances immunological tolerance. Tim-3's role in CRC surpasses its conventional function as an indicator of dysfunction in T lymphocytes.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review provides an all-inclusive summary of the structural and functional attributes of Tim-3's involvement in the case of CRC. It explores the implications of Tim-3 expression in CRC with regard to tumor progression, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, it delves into the intricate signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms through which Tim-3 exerts its dual function in both immunity against tumors and immune evasion.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Understanding Tim-3's complicated network of interactions in CRC has significant consequences for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeted toward restoring anti-tumor immune responses and improving patient survival. Tim-3 is an important and valuable target for CRC patient risk classification and treatment because it regulates a complex network of strategies for suppressing immune responses, including causing T cell exhaustion, increasing Treg (regulatory T-cell) proliferation, and altering antigen-presenting cell activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1093-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}