Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets最新文献

PTK7-targeted cancer therapies: molecular understanding and clinical developments. ptk7靶向癌症治疗：分子认识和临床进展。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Pub Date : 2026-10-19 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2026.2738185

Mengyu Sun, Ping Zou, Haoyu Lu, Cheng Cui, Weihong Tan

{"title":"PTK7-targeted cancer therapies: molecular understanding and clinical developments.","authors":"Mengyu Sun, Ping Zou, Haoyu Lu, Cheng Cui, Weihong Tan","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2738185","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2738185","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: PTK7, as a pseudo-kinase, has its abnormal expression closely related to the progression and prognosis of various malignant tumors. PTK7 is not a typical inhibitory oncogenic target but rather more like an enriched surface recognition on tumor cells, which can be used as drug delivery target and for degradation-based therapeutic strategies.Areas covered: This review summarizes PTK7's molecular structural traits and transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, as well as its critical role in tumorigenesis. It evaluates PTK7's clinical significance across cancers, discusses PTK7-guided molecular imaging applications, and critically assesses emerging targeted strategies, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs), and aptamer-based lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs).Expert opinion: The therapeutic value of PTK7 is attributed to its high surface expression, efficient internalization, and tumor-preferential distribution. Among available PTK7-targeted modalities, aptamer-based ApDC and LYTAC platforms fit well with PTK7's biological features via convenient synthesis and customizable modification, despite being limited by unsatisfactory serum stability and suboptimal in vivo pharmacokinetics at present. Given its high tumor expression, PTK7-targeted agents hold great potential for combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and further biomarker-based combinatorial designs are essential to advance its clinical translation.","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson´s disease: recent therapeutic approaches. 针对阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的微生物-肠-脑轴：最近的治疗方法。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2026.2748747

Manuela Gries, Karl-Herbert Schäfer, Kristina Endres

{"title":"Targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson´s disease: recent therapeutic approaches.","authors":"Manuela Gries, Karl-Herbert Schäfer, Kristina Endres","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2748747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2026.2748747","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders with limited disease-modifying treatment options. Evidence suggests that the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) plays a role in these diseases by facilitating communication between the gut and the central nervous system. Associations have been found between altered gut microbiota composition and function, impaired barrier integrity, dysregulated metabolite production, and immune activation to neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration.Areas covered: This review summarizes and critically assesses recent studies from the past year to provide an updated overview of therapeutic strategies targeting the MGBA in both diseases. We discuss dietary interventions, probiotics, postbiotics, microbial metabolites, and approaches targeting gut barrier function. We also highlight strategies such as fecal transplantation, photobiomodulation, and PD-targeted metabolism therapies using butyrate and resistant starch.Expert opinion: While these interventions have shown promising results in preclinical and early clinical trials, their clinical application is limited by methodological heterogeneity, interindividual variability and a lack of standardized protocols. Successful implementation requires carefully designed clinical trials, particularly longitudinal studies of presymptomatic cohorts, standardized microbiome analyses, and integrated multi-omics approaches to elucidate causal relations and facilitate personalized treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New and emerging therapeutics and molecular targets for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. 注意力缺陷多动障碍的新疗法和分子靶点。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2026.2747529

Jan Haavik

{"title":"New and emerging therapeutics and molecular targets for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Jan Haavik","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2747529","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2747529","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Attention‑deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined by persistent, impairing, and developmentally inappropriate patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. ADHD is a multifactorial, partially heritable and polygenic disorder, involving multiple biological pathways and implicating many potential therapeutic targets.Area covered: This opinion paper summarizes the evolution of ADHD diagnostic criteria and pharmacotherapy. The development of alpha‑2 adrenergic agonists, psychostimulants, and other dopamine/norepinephrine transporter blockers, which all have short‑term efficacy and promising long‑term outcomes, is briefly described. In addition to established therapeutics that are approved for ADHD treatment, new and emerging therapeutics are reviewed, including compounds modulating monoaminergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, and glycinergic neurotransmission. The concept of genome guided drug discovery is introduced.Expert opinion: Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology and biological pathways of ADHD have identified putative targets beyond traditional catecholaminergic mechanisms. These developments support the emergence of novel, mechanistically distinct therapeutics that may broaden future treatment options. As ADHD is now recognized as a common, often lifelong condition with substantial comorbidity, treatments should aim not only for rapid symptom control but also for broader neurodevelopmental and neuroprotective benefits; such considerations should inform next‑generation drug development and clinical trial methodology.","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting protein misfolding and aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases: challenges for the identification and validation of targets for small molecules. 神经退行性疾病中靶向蛋白错误折叠和聚集：小分子靶标鉴定和验证的挑战。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2026.2747518

Arunabh Choudhury, Sneh Prabha, Mohammad Umar Saeed, Md Nayab Sulaimani, Md Imtaiyaz Hassan

{"title":"Targeting protein misfolding and aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases: challenges for the identification and validation of targets for small molecules.","authors":"Arunabh Choudhury, Sneh Prabha, Mohammad Umar Saeed, Md Nayab Sulaimani, Md Imtaiyaz Hassan","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2747518","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2747518","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and related proteinopathies are characterized by the misfolding, aggregation, and accumulation of specific proteins that disrupt neuronal homeostasis, leading to neuronal death. Despite major advances in structural biology and molecular neuroscience, identifying and validating druggable targets in neurodegenerative diseases remains challenging. Many involved proteins are intrinsically disordered, exhibit conformational heterogeneity, and form highly dynamic toxic species.Areas covered: This review summarizes the mechanisms of protein folding, misfolding, aggregation, and prion-like propagation in major neurodegenerative proteinopathies, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD), alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in synucleinopathies, TDP-43 and FUS in ALS/FTLD, polyglutamine-expanded proteins, prion proteins, and rare hereditary amyloidosis. We also discuss major barriers to target identification and validation, including conformational flexibility, oligomer toxicity, blood-brain barrier penetration, and target engagement complexity. Finally, we highlight emerging strategies integrating structural biology, computational methods, and improved experimental models to discover small-molecule inhibitors for neurodegenerative diseases.Expert opinion: Effective therapeutic discovery will require moving beyond single-target models toward ensemble-based validation strategies. Integrating structural biology, advanced imaging, biomarkers, and computational approaches may improve the identification of druggable targets and support precision-medicine-based interventions for neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overcoming adaptive resistance to cancer immunotherapy: molecular targeting strategies for the tumor microenvironment. 克服癌症免疫治疗的适应性耐药：肿瘤微环境的分子靶向策略。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2026.2747520

Kenneth K W To, Tingnan Ma, Longling Wang, William C Cho

{"title":"Overcoming adaptive resistance to cancer immunotherapy: molecular targeting strategies for the tumor microenvironment.","authors":"Kenneth K W To, Tingnan Ma, Longling Wang, William C Cho","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2747520","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2747520","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Immunotherapy resistance is mediated by mechanisms distinct from those underlying conventional chemotherapy, including tumor-intrinsic alterations, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and other host factors, that collectively constrain durable responses.Areas covered: This review provides a systematic evaluation of molecular targeting strategies aimed at overcoming immunotherapy resistance. We examine the principal resistance mechanisms including antigen loss, upregulation of alternative checkpoints (LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT), metabolic T-cell impairment, myeloid-derived suppressor cell and regulatory T-cell infiltration, cancer stem cell-driven evasion, epigenetic silencing, and T-cell exhaustion. Novel pharmacological approaches for resistance circumvention, including next-generation checkpoint blockers, bispecific T-cell engagers, antibody-drug conjugates, epigenetic and metabolic modulators, microenvironment-remodeling agents, and PROTAC-based checkpoint degraders, are critically assessed with an aim to link preclinical mechanistic evidence to clinical outcomes.Expert opinion: Despite the increasing number of combination immunotherapy strategies, durable clinical benefit remains limited for many patients. We attribute this to tumor heterogeneity, adaptive feedback, and inadequate biomarker-guided patient selection. Future progress will require systems-level approaches integrating single-cell and spatial multi-omics with adaptive, pharmacodynamically informed clinical trial designs. Ultimately, improving long-term outcomes will depend on the ability to predict and intercept tumor-immune co-evolution before resistance becomes established.","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular basis for developing tumor-targeted siRNAs for future immunotherapy. 开发肿瘤靶向sirna用于未来免疫治疗的分子基础。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2026.2748740

Mouldy Sioud

{"title":"Molecular basis for developing tumor-targeted siRNAs for future immunotherapy.","authors":"Mouldy Sioud","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2748740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2026.2748740","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Certain immune signaling pathways contribute to cancer progression by promoting tumor immune evasion through immune checkpoint activation, immunosuppressive cytokine production, metabolic depletion, and altered intracellular signaling. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) provide a programmable strategy for selectively silencing genes involved in tumor immune evasion and immunosuppression, offering a targeted approach to enhance antitumor immunity.Areas covered: This review highlights the rationale for targeting immune regulatory factors with siRNA in cancer immunotherapy. Key targets include immune checkpoints (e.g. programmed cell death protein 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), immunosuppressive mediators (e.g. transforming growth factor beta 1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1), and intracellular regulators (e.g. suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). Preclinical and early clinical studies show that silencing these targets restores T-cell activity, improves antigen presentation, remodels the tumor microenvironment, and enhances anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, advances in siRNA delivery methods are accelerating clinical translation.Expert opinion: By silencing genes involved in immune suppression, siRNAs can restore T cell activation and improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies. However, significant challenges remain, including achieving efficient cell-specific delivery and minimizing off-target effects.","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

VAV1 targeting for cancer therapeutics: mechanistic understanding and preclinical promise. 靶向癌症治疗的VAV1：机制理解和临床前前景。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Pub Date : 2026-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2026.2747525

Gina L Razidlo, Daniel D Billadeau

{"title":"VAV1 targeting for cancer therapeutics: mechanistic understanding and preclinical promise.","authors":"Gina L Razidlo, Daniel D Billadeau","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2747525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2026.2747525","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vav1, although mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells where it participates in the regulation of signaling pathways downstream of numerous cell surface receptors, has been found mutated and ectopically expressed in many human cancers where it drives tumor proliferation. Thus, mechanisms aimed at targeting Vav1 could have therapeutic benefit in cancers where it is aberrantly expressed in either a wild type or mutant form.Areas covered: This review describes and summarizes the expanding cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Vav1 contributes to tumor development, proliferation and survival in human cancers within and outside the hematopoietic lineages. We will discuss the emerging role of Vav1 as an oncogenic driver in many human tumors and the current studies aimed at identifying various therapeutics to target this protein and the pathways it regulates.Expert opinion: Targeting Vav1 comes with several challenges due to its role in regulating signaling in immune cells, so any small molecule or other approaches need to balance targeting this molecule in cancer and sparing effects on the immune system where it might be participating in a positive role in anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, the role of the other Vav family members in Vav1-expressing or mutated cancer needs to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting the LOX-1 scavenger receptor for therapeutics and diagnostics. 靶向LOX-1清道夫受体的治疗和诊断。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Pub Date : 2026-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2026.2738346

Sreenivasan Ponnambalam, Dhananjay Jade, Michael A Harrison, Samit Chakrabarty, Sam L Stephen

{"title":"Targeting the LOX-1 scavenger receptor for therapeutics and diagnostics.","authors":"Sreenivasan Ponnambalam, Dhananjay Jade, Michael A Harrison, Samit Chakrabarty, Sam L Stephen","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2738346","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2738346","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vascular dysfunction underpins major pathologies including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Lipid particle (LP) recognition, processing, and metabolism impacts on vascular health and disease. Membrane proteins termed scavenger receptors (SRs) recognize modified LPs to mediate signaling, trafficking, and processing in cells and tissues.Areas covered: We explore the role of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1, OLR1) in pathophysiology including myocardial infarction, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) activation of LOX-1 promotes cellular responses associated with cell dysfunction, highlighting this molecular target in disease prevention, therapy, and diagnostics. Furthermore, we evaluate emerging therapeutic modalities including monoclonal antibodies, peptides, small molecules, and nucleic‑acid-based agents and consider the translational potential of LOX-1-targeted diagnostics, particularly in point-of-care settings.Expert opinion: Multiple lines of evidence indicate that LOX-1 expression and function is low or negligible during normal physiology; however, LOX-1 expression and signaling are elevated under pro-inflammatory conditions. LOX-1 signaling is associated with NF-kB activation, gene expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Blocking LOX-1-linked cellular responses has beneficial outcomes in pathophysiological states. The development of LOX-1-specific therapeutic and diagnostic agents, particularly those suitable for point-of-care use, represents a promising avenue for multi-disease intervention.","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structure-guided targeting of Plasmodium falciparum aminopeptidase P: exploiting S4' dimer-interface interactions for selective antimalarial drug design. 结构导向的恶性疟原虫氨基肽酶P靶向：利用S4的二聚体界面相互作用进行选择性抗疟药物设计

IF 5.1 2区医学

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Pub Date : 2026-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2026.2738351

R Elwyn Isaac, Glenn A McConkey, Richard Foster, K Ravi Acharya

{"title":"Structure-guided targeting of Plasmodium falciparum aminopeptidase P: exploiting S4' dimer-interface interactions for selective antimalarial drug design.","authors":"R Elwyn Isaac, Glenn A McConkey, Richard Foster, K Ravi Acharya","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2738351","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2738351","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Malaria remains a major global infectious disease, and resistance to frontline antimalarial therapies continues to drive the search for novel drug targets. Plasmodium falciparum aminopeptidase P (PfAPP) is emerging as a promising target because it performs a specialized role in hemoglobin-derived peptide metabolism.Areas covered: This review discusses the biological role of PfAPP within parasite amino acid recycling, its relationship to other malaria metalloaminopeptidases, structural features governing substrate recognition, and recent progress in hydroxamate-based inhibitor development. Particular emphasis is placed on structure-guided discovery of potent PfAPP inhibitors and on the S4' subsite and Tyr617-mediated dimer-interface interaction as the principal currently defined structural determinants of PfAPP inhibitor potency and parasite selectivity.Expert opinion: PfAPP has strong target credentials because it combines biological essentiality, unique Xaa-Pro substrate specificity, structural tractability and exploitable divergence from human aminopeptidase P homologues. However, current inhibitors remain limited by poor permeability and modest whole-parasite activity. The most promising future direction is the conversion of potent peptide-like hydroxamates into drug-like compounds that preserve S4' engagement while improving parasite exposure.","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extracellular vesicles redefine immune modulation through Toll-like receptor networks. 细胞外囊泡通过toll样受体网络重新定义免疫调节。

IF 5.1 2区医学

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Pub Date : 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2026.2738343

Diana Romenskaja-Avgul, Augustas Pivoriunas

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles redefine immune modulation through Toll-like receptor networks.","authors":"Diana Romenskaja-Avgul, Augustas Pivoriunas","doi":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2738343","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14728222.2026.2738343","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potent immunomodulators that can promote the transition from pro-inflammatory to regulatory immune responses across diverse pathological conditions. Tissue injury increases the release of damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs and PAMPs), which activate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to rapidly initiate inflammatory and antiviral responses. Here, we propose that TLR signaling serves as a central axis through which EVs exert both pathogenic and therapeutic effects.Areas covered: This review summarizes current evidence on EV crosstalk with surface and endosomal TLRs and discusses how these interactions may drive long-term reprogramming of target cells. We highlight lipid raft signaling as a unifying mechanism linking TLRs and other receptors to signaling hubs controlling pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Finally, we propose a model in which EVs act as inducers of trained immunity in immunocompetent cells.Expert opinion: EVs have emerged as key immunomodulators that transport diverse DAMPs, transmit danger signals to surrounding tissues, and may establish trained immunity, priming cells for subsequent insults. Conversely, therapeutic EVs can target hyperinflammatory cells by modulating aberrant TLR signaling and reprogramming them toward a restorative, pro-resolving phenotype.","PeriodicalId":12185,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0