Acta Biologica Slovenica最新文献

Mikrobna obremenitev morske vode in peska na plaži med kopalno sezono 泳季期间海滩海水和沙子中的微生物量

Acta Biologica Slovenica Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.14720/abs.67.2.19186

Jerneja Čremožnik Zupančič, Monika Novak Babič

{"title":"Mikrobna obremenitev morske vode in peska na plaži med kopalno sezono","authors":"Jerneja Čremožnik Zupančič, Monika Novak Babič","doi":"10.14720/abs.67.2.19186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14720/abs.67.2.19186","url":null,"abstract":"Slovenija je ena od najbolj vodnatih evropskih držav, kjer je voda pomembna ne le za pitje, ampak tudi za različne rekreacijske dejavnosti, še posebej plavanje. Naravne rekreacijske morske vode so pomembno okolje, v katerem so kopalci izpostavljeni bakterijam, ki so odporne proti protimikrobnim učinkovinam ter številnim vrstam gliv. Poleg morske vode ljudje veliko časa preživijo tudi na obmorskih površinah (plaža s peskom) za katere se ne izvaja mikrobiološki monitoring. Da bi določili mikrobiološko obremenitev morske vode in peska na plaži, smo tekom kopalne sezone analizirali prisotnost bakterije Escherichia coli in oportuno patogenih gliv, ki se prenašajo preko človeka. E. coli je bila prisotna le v morski vodi znotraj dovoljenih meja čez celo kopalno sezono, z največjo frekvenco v avgustu. Poleg okoljskih sevov smo zaznali tudi seve iz skupine B2, seve s povečano zmožnostjo adhezije in sistemov za privzem železa ter seve z geni za odpornost proti antibiotikom iz skupin fluorokinolonov in beta-laktamov. Gliv v vodi tekom kopalne sezone z uporabljeno metodo nismo osamili. V nasprotju pa smo v pesku na plaži zasledili glive Candida parapsilosis, Geotrichum candidum in Trichosporon asahii, ki so del kožne mikrobiote ljudi. Število E. coli v morski vodi in gliv v pesku je naraščalo s številom kopalcev in je doseglo vrh v avgustovskem vzorcu. Glede na dobljene rezultate je E. coliprimeren parameter za spremljanje kakovosti morske vode medtem ko bi za spremljanje kakovosti peska na plaži lahko kot dodatni parameter uporabljali določene vrste gliv antropogenega izvora.","PeriodicalId":121848,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Slovenica","volume":"60 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Naravna selekcija, naravni izbor, naravno odbiranje ali naravno izbiranje? 自然选择、自然选择、自然选择还是自然选择？

Acta Biologica Slovenica Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.14720/abs.67.2.19365

Peter Trontelj

引用次数: 0

Vpliv simptomatske bakterijske okužbe na izražanje genov, povezanih z imunostjo v hemocitih kopenskega raka Porcellio scaber 无症状细菌感染对陆生癌症疥癣梭菌血细胞中免疫相关基因表达的影响

Acta Biologica Slovenica Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.14720/abs.66.2.14428

Andraž Dolar, Jernej Ogorevc, Anita Jemec Kokalj

{"title":"Vpliv simptomatske bakterijske okužbe na izražanje genov, povezanih z imunostjo v hemocitih kopenskega raka Porcellio scaber","authors":"Andraž Dolar, Jernej Ogorevc, Anita Jemec Kokalj","doi":"10.14720/abs.66.2.14428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14720/abs.66.2.14428","url":null,"abstract":"Kopenski enakonožci vrste Porcellio scaber so v naravnem okolju izpostavljeni številnim patogenom in parazitom, ki lahko pri gostitelju povzročijo poškodbe tkiv ter vplivajo na imunokompetenco in fitnes organizma. Bakterijska okužba povzroči aktivacijo mehanizmov prirojene imunosti, kot so fagocitoza, tvorba reaktivnih kisikovih in dušikovih zvrsti, aktivnost antioksidativnih encimov, nodulacija ter proces melanizacije. Molekularni vzorci patogenov oziroma mikrobov ter s patogenezo povezane poškodbe pri gostitelju sprožijo prepisovanje genov v celicah hemolimfe, tj. hemocitih, ki opravljajo pomembno funkcijo mediatorjev imunskega odgovora. V aktualni raziskavi smo preučevali spremembe v izražanju genov ob simptomatski bakterijski okužbi z Rhabochlamydia porcellionis ter jih primerjali z asimptomatskimi oziroma zdravimi P. scaber. Iz hemolimfe (hemocitov) asimptomatskih in simptomatskih živali smo izolirali celokupno RNA, jo prepisali v cDNA ter z metodo RT-qPCR določili relativno izražanje izbranih genov, povezanih z imunostjo (Toll4, Dscam, MyD88, Cat, MnSod, CypG, A2m, Atg5 in Nos). Ugotovili smo značilne spremembe v izražanju izbranih genov, kar kaže na njihovo vlogo v imunskem odgovoru P. scaber v primeru bakterijske okužbe, dodatno pa smo z biokemijskimi metodami dokazali povečano aktivnost encima alfa-2-makroglobulin ter mejno značilno povišanje encima katalaza. Na podlagi rezultatov lahko zaključimo, da preučevani geni predstavljajo molekularne označevalce za imunski odziv, ki jih je moč uporabiti v različnih okoljskih raziskavah.","PeriodicalId":121848,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Slovenica","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Cover for Acta Biologica Slovenica Vol. 66 No. 1 (2023) 《斯洛文尼亚生物学报》第66卷第1期(2023年)封面

Acta Biologica Slovenica Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.14720/abs.66.1.15734

M. Grašič

引用次数: 0

Sekundarni metaboliti v navadni konoplji (Cannabis sativa L.) in njihova vloga pri obrambi rastline pred škodljivci in patogeni

Acta Biologica Slovenica Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.14720/abs.66.1.12521

Luka Bitežnik, Marina Dermastia, Stanislav Trdan

{"title":"Sekundarni metaboliti v navadni konoplji (Cannabis sativa L.) in njihova vloga pri obrambi rastline pred škodljivci in patogeni","authors":"Luka Bitežnik, Marina Dermastia, Stanislav Trdan","doi":"10.14720/abs.66.1.12521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14720/abs.66.1.12521","url":null,"abstract":"Navadna konoplja (Cannabis sativa L.) je razširjena rastlina z zapleteno fitokemijo in bogatim sekundarnim metabolizmom. Sekundarni metaboliti so snovi, katerih vloga je interakcija rastline z okoljem. Njihova sinteza je pogojena s prisotnostjo stresa in je energetsko zelo potratna. Rastline varujejo pred škodljivci in patogeni ter abiotskimi dejavniki. V konoplji so v največji meri prisotni kanabinodi, terpenodi in flavonoidi, skoncentrirani v socvetjih ženskih rastlin. Njihova ekološka vloga in delovanje ni povsem raziskano. Kanabinoidi Δ-9-trans-tetrahidrokanabinol (Δ9-THC), kanabidiolna kislina (CBDA) in drugi naj bi bili vpleteni v antioksidativne procese in obrambni sistem rastline, zaradi prostorsko izolirane sinteze in citotoksičnih stranskih produktov. Ob prisotnosti stresa pride do povečanja njihove vsebnosti in spremembe kemijskega profila. Stres aktivira stresne signalne molekule – jasmonsko kislino in njene derivate, ki vplivajo na sproščanje terpenodiov, ter poveča izražanje genov v fenilpropanoidni poti, ki je ključna za sintezo flavonoidov. Sekundarni metaboliti delujejo sinergično in v povezavi z mikrobiomom – endofitnimi bakterijami in glivami – negativno vplivajo na škodljive organizme ter varujejo rastlino.","PeriodicalId":121848,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Slovenica","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114953693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The external glutamic acid application results in significant effects on some characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) 外用谷氨酸对向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)某些性状有显著影响。

Acta Biologica Slovenica Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.14720/abs.66.1.15782

Riyadh Taha Dwayyeh, A. I. Ilbas, M. H. Al-Ani

{"title":"The external glutamic acid application results in significant effects on some characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)","authors":"Riyadh Taha Dwayyeh, A. I. Ilbas, M. H. Al-Ani","doi":"10.14720/abs.66.1.15782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14720/abs.66.1.15782","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine the effects of glutamic acid treatments at different doses on determined characteristics of some sunflower varieties. Glutamic acid treatments were practiced as foliar sprays at four different concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg l-1) to three different sunflower varieties (Sakha, Amar and Ishaqi-1). Field experiments were conducted in randomized blocks in a split-plot experimental design with three replications under Anbar-Iraq conditions in 2021. The highest average leaf area index was 5.82 cm2. The 100 mg l-1 glutamic acid treatments of the variety Aqmar yielded the highest chlorophyll content (40.51%). For the variety Ishaqi-1, the 100 mg l-1 glutamic acid treatment resulted in the highest protein content (15.51%). However, the 200 mg l-1 glutamic acid treatments of the variety Ishaqi-1 resulted in an increase in empty seeds rate (75.29%) and oil content (44.09%). In general, medium external glutamic acid doses (100 mg l-1 and 200 mg l-1) increase the chlorophyll content and protein content, and oil content, respectively. But, the empty seed rate also increased with 200 mg l-1 application.","PeriodicalId":121848,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Slovenica","volume":"120U 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124074632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Competitive advantages of Najas marina L. in a process of littoral colonization in the lake Velenjsko jezero (Slovenija) 斯洛文尼亚Velenjsko jezero湖沿岸殖民过程中Najas marina L.的竞争优势

Acta Biologica Slovenica Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.14720/abs.51.1.15223

Z. Mazej, M. Germ

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Different susceptibility of two Botrytis cinerea strains to supercritical CO2 plant extracts 两株葡萄孢菌对超临界CO2植物提取物敏感性的差异

Acta Biologica Slovenica Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.14720/abs.66.1.14400

S. Anžlovar, Jasna Dolenc-Koce

{"title":"Different susceptibility of two Botrytis cinerea strains to supercritical CO2 plant extracts","authors":"S. Anžlovar, Jasna Dolenc-Koce","doi":"10.14720/abs.66.1.14400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14720/abs.66.1.14400","url":null,"abstract":"Botrytis cinerea is an airborne plant pathogen with a necrotrophic lifestyle. As a generalist, B. cinerea has no host specificity and infects over 500 plant species. There are many studies about phenotypic and genotypic diversity of B. cinerea strains from different regions of the world. Two different morphological strains of B. cinerea were previously isolated also in Slovenia from buckwheat. The morphological diversity of B. cinerea is also reflected in different susceptibility to plant extracts. We tested the susceptibility of two B. cinerea strains derived from buckwheat grain to eleven extracts of plant species Humulus lupulus, Nepeta cataria, Taraxacum officinale, Achillea millefolium, Calendula officinalis, Chamomilla recutita, Helichrysum arenarium, Hypericum perforatum, Juniperus communis, Sambucus nigra and Crataegus sp. obtained by supercritical fluid extraction using CO2 (SFE-CO2). The resistance profiles showed that strain II of B. cinerea was generally susceptible to the action of these SFE-CO2 extracts, whereas strain I was more resistant. The concentration-dependent antifungal activity of the extract of chamomile and sandy everlasting indicates their possible use as a fungicide for both strains of B. cinerea.","PeriodicalId":121848,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Slovenica","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122156848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nephroprotective Effect of Methanol Extract of Crassocephalum Crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore (Ebolo) during Paracetamol- Induced toxicity in Wistar Rats 粗头草甲醇提取物的肾保护作用S. Moore (Ebolo)对Wistar大鼠扑热息痛毒性的影响

Acta Biologica Slovenica Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.14720/abs.66.1.13271

Fausat Kikelomo Ola- Mudathir, Ighorhiowhoaro M. Ajekevwoda, S. Jeje, Ogheneoruese F. Onoharigho, Kelechi Adikaesieme

{"title":"Nephroprotective Effect of Methanol Extract of Crassocephalum Crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore (Ebolo) during Paracetamol- Induced toxicity in Wistar Rats","authors":"Fausat Kikelomo Ola- Mudathir, Ighorhiowhoaro M. Ajekevwoda, S. Jeje, Ogheneoruese F. Onoharigho, Kelechi Adikaesieme","doi":"10.14720/abs.66.1.13271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14720/abs.66.1.13271","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore against Paracetamol (PCM)-induced oxidative stress was investigated. Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six rats. The control was group 1, Groups 2 and 3 were administered 250 mg/kg/bwt PCM and 300 mg/kg/bwt methanol extract of C. crepidioides leaves (MECL) respectively, group 4 and 5 were co-administered with 250 mg/kg/bwt PCM + 300 mg/kg/bwt MECL and 250 mg/kg/bwt PCM + 50 mg acetylcysteine (NAC) respectively for 2 weeks, following 1week pre-administration with 300 mg/kg/bwt MECL and 50mg NAC respectively. Kidney damage was measured by evaluating serum urea and creatinine, while antioxidant status was assessed by evaluating glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was determined from malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. PCM had no significant effect on serum urea and creatinine levels, but significantly decreased glutathione levels, SOD and catalase activities, while the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased significantly. Co-administration with MECL or NAC reversed these effects. In conclusion, C. crepidioides. protects against PCM-induced oxidative stress in the Kidneys of Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":121848,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Slovenica","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115360883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Economically important species of Asteraceae: An overview of leaf epidermal micro-morphology with respect to water availability 具有重要经济价值的菊科植物:叶片表皮微形态与水分有效性的综述

Acta Biologica Slovenica Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.14720/abs.66.1.14710

Isaak Kolawole Agbede, Opeyemi Philips Akinsulire, Yemi Elizabeth Faboyo, Akinwumi Johnson Akinloye

{"title":"Economically important species of Asteraceae: An overview of leaf epidermal micro-morphology with respect to water availability","authors":"Isaak Kolawole Agbede, Opeyemi Philips Akinsulire, Yemi Elizabeth Faboyo, Akinwumi Johnson Akinloye","doi":"10.14720/abs.66.1.14710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14720/abs.66.1.14710","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the result of a study undertaken with a view to documenting responses of leaf epidermal parameters of three economically important species of the family Asteraceae: Aspilia africana, Chromolaena odorata and Vernonia amygdalina from Nigeria to seasonal water stress. Obtained quantitative data showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in stomata density and index on the abaxial surface in Chromolaena odorata in dry conditions. The increased stomata densities and indices on the adaxial surfaces in Aspilia africana and Vernonia amygdalina in the wet season suggest that CO2 was more taken up. The reduction in stomata size (on both leaf surfaces in the three taxa) in the dry season indicated species' adaptations to dry conditions and reduction in stomatal conductance. Turgescent guard cell in the three species in the wet season indicated stomatal opening, which could, though, be a hormonal response to water availability since transpiration needed to be activated. The ability of Aspilia africana to reduce water loss and defend against herbivores greatly increased in plants that developed in dry conditions by possessing more multicellular trichomes in comparison to wet conditions, while in Vernonia amygdalina, the number increased during the wet season. Water stress had little or no effect on the micro-morphology of anticlinal walls and the shapes and arrangements of the epidermal cells in the three species. This study revealed that investigations into leaf epidermal micro-morphology might be a useful tool to elucidate the multiple mechanisms underlying leaf epidermal structure function in response to water availability.","PeriodicalId":121848,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Slovenica","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115705129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0