European Thyroid Journal最新文献

{"title":"CD8+ T Cells in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis-Associated Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.","authors":"Lirong Wang, Lin Zhang, Jiawen Chen, Dan Wang, Yutong Zhang, Lei Sun, Wenxiu Su, Miao Li, Qi Zhou, Juan Wang, Jue Jiang","doi":"10.1530/ETJ-25-0365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy and frequently coexists with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Clinical observations indicate that HT- PTC tends to display less aggressive clinicopathological features; however, the immune characteristics underlying this phenomenon remain incompletely defined. In this study, we combined transcriptomic analysis with experimental validation to investigate CD8+ T cell features in HT-PTC. Analysis of TCGA data showed increased CD8+ T cell infiltration in HT-PTC compared with nonHT-PTC. In surgically resected specimens from our center, primary CD8+ T cells derived from HT-PTC were further characterized. Tumor-derived CD8+ T cells maintained cytokine secretion capacity and showed lower expression of TIM-3 and LAG-3 together with higher Granzyme B levels. In co-culture assays, these cells were associated with reduced proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer cells. Overall, CD8+ T cells in HT-PTC exhibited no pronounced exhaustion-associated feature pattern and retained functional activity. This immune profile may be linked to the relatively less aggressive behavior observed in HT-PTC and provides a biological reference for future immune-informed risk stratification strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12159,"journal":{"name":"European Thyroid Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of baseline thyroid autoantibody titers for ICI-associated thyroid adverse events in cancer.","authors":"Li Jian, Qin Ou, Taiyu Xia, Guhang Tang, Ya Yu, Qiquan Zhao","doi":"10.1530/ETJ-26-0017","DOIUrl":"10.1530/ETJ-26-0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the predictive value of pretreatment thyroid autoantibody titers for thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 181 patients with malignancies treated with ICIs between January 2022 and October 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were categorized based on the occurrence of thyroid irAEs. Risk factors and the impact of antibody titers were analyzed using logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thyroid irAEs occurred in 44 (24.3%) patients, predominantly including hypothyroidism (81.8%). Logistic regression revealed that baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity, and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) positivity were significant risk factors (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly higher incidence of irAEs in patients with elevated baseline TPOAb and TgAb titers than in those with normal titers (P < 0.01). Notably, severely elevated TPOAb titers resulted in a significantly higher risk of irAEs than moderately elevated titers (P < 0.05), whereas the corresponding difference for TgAb titers was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline TPOAb and TgAb titers are effective predictors of thyroid irAEs. Higher TPOAb titers are correlated with an increased risk, thereby supporting the utility of quantitative baseline screening for risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12159,"journal":{"name":"European Thyroid Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study on ketone body metabolism in anaplastic thyroid cancer.","authors":"Jiaqi Wang, Yuting Mao, Ziyang Xuan, Zhihao Li, Xi Tang, Ke Yang, Mingluan Xing, Xin Zhu","doi":"10.1530/ETJ-25-0305","DOIUrl":"10.1530/ETJ-25-0305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is characterized by high invasiveness and rapid progression and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ketone body metabolism in ATC and provide a novel approach for ATC treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human ATC cell lines, including 8505C and CAL-62, were used as the research objects. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays appraised cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the cell cycle and apoptosis. Wound healing and transwell assays verified the migration and invasion of cells. Furthermore, tumor xenograft models were established to investigate the therapeutic effect of ketogenic diet in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify the expression level of Ki67, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in tumor tissues. Importantly, autophagy analyses included fluorescence microscopy for the observation of monodansylcadaverine staining, western blotting, and tissue immunofluorescence to determine autophagic protein (LC3, Beclin1, and p62) expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acetoacetate (AcAc) inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ATC cells (8505C and CAL-62) and induced cell cycle arrest. Ketogenic diet significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. AcAc markedly elevated the level of autophagy. Autophagy inhibitor weakened the extent to which AcAc hindered cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and blocked cell cycle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated that the ketone body metabolite AcAc inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ATC cells and induces cell cycle arrest by inducing autophagy. Ketogenic diet provides a new strategy for the treatment of ATC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12159,"journal":{"name":"European Thyroid Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathologic and Radiologic Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Advanced Differentiated thyroid Cancer.","authors":"Liyona Kampel, Alexandra Dorman, Leonor Leider Trejo, Kateryna Krol, Robert Kalman Huber, Yakov Kravchenko, Yafit Antebi, Genady Shendler, Ben-Zion Joshua, Eran Alon, Anton Warshavsky, Gilad Horowitz, Shahaf Shilo, Nidal Muhanna, Inbar Finkel","doi":"10.1530/ETJ-25-0394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neoadjuvant therapies for locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) aim to downstage disease and thereby reduce the extent of surgical resection without compromising oncologic results. Understanding the histopathologic changes induced by these therapies and their correlation with radiologic response may refine surgical planning and guide optimal treatment protocols.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize the histopathologic effects of neoadjuvant therapies in locally advanced DTC and evaluate their association with radiologic response and surgical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case series of patients with initially unresectable, locally advanced DTC treated with neoadjuvant therapies, lenvatinib or dabrafenib/trametinib. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic evaluation before and after neoadjuvant therapy. Histopathologic response was assessed on resection specimens using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining for CD3, CD31, and ERG. The primary outcomes were histopathologic response, including tumor fibrosis, tumor necrosis, vascular density, and immune cell infiltration. Secondary outcomes included radiologic response, surgical feasibility, and perioperative morbidity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 9 patients achieved sufficient tumor regression to allow surgical resection. Histopathology demonstrated therapy-induced tumor fibrosis and necrosis as the predominant changes. Lenvatinib-treated tumors exhibited marked vascular remodeling, reduced microvessel density, and prominent lymphocytic infiltration, whereas BRAF-targeted therapy primarily induced tumor fibrosis without similar vascular or immune changes. The neoadjuvant therapy was well tolerated and did not increase surgical morbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neoadjuvant therapy facilitated R0 resection of locally advanced DTC. Lenvatinib induced vascular remodeling and immune infiltration, in contrast to fibrosis primarily seen with dabrafenib/trametinib. These histologic differences may have implications for future therapeutic decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":12159,"journal":{"name":"European Thyroid Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective, multicentre evaluation of central congenital hypothyroidism in the UK.","authors":"Catherine Peters, Claire Wood, James M Law, Chloe Stevens, Fatemah Alhusaini, Darla Rigby, Hannah Hornby, Tim Cheetham, Nadia Schoenmakers","doi":"10.1530/ETJ-26-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Central congenital hypothyroidism (incidence ∼1:13,000) occurs in isolation (40% cases) or with additional pituitary hormone deficiencies. T4±TSH-based neonatal screening detects central congenital hypothyroidism within the first two weeks of life, permitting prompt treatment, but the UK TSH-based screening programme will not detect these cases. We delineated clinical characteristics, time-frame and pathway to diagnosis in clinically-diagnosed individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records were reviewed for 118 cases diagnosed from 1996-2022, in 4 tertiary centres.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age at diagnosis was 68 days (range 1-5056). 96% had combined pituitary hormone deficiencies. Non-specific neonatal concerns (hypoglycaemia/jaundice/weight concerns, 83%) and significant neurodevelopmental defects (34%) occurred frequently. Compared with cases diagnosed late (>1year, n=42), early diagnosis (≤14 days n=23) was associated with neonatal intensive care admission (78% vs 29%, p<0.001) and ACTH deficiency (96% vs 40% p<0.0001). Mean FT4 was moderately low at diagnosis, (-2.7±0.9 SDS) but initial thyroid function was within reported reference ranges in 31 cases. Treatment delays could be substantial, even following detection of subnormal FT4, especially in late-diagnosed cases (mean 208±486 days).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UK Central congenital hypothyroidism cases are diagnosed later than screening-detected cases, and isolated TSH deficiency may evade detection entirely. 'Sicker' neonates are diagnosed earlier, but late diagnosis frequently occurs despite neonatal/childhood morbidity attributable to combined pituitary hormone deficiencies. Challenges include non-specific neonatal signs, requirement for bespoke age-specific FT4 reference ranges, lack of biomarkers for alternative diagnoses and masking by concomitant GH deficiency. Our findings mandate further studies to assess practicalities, costs and justification for introducing UK-wide central congenital hypothyroidism screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":12159,"journal":{"name":"European Thyroid Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back-wall cystic figures are not undoubtedly pathognomonic of benignity: malignant and infectious mimickers in thyroid lesions.","authors":"Pierre-Yves Marcy, Juliette Thariat, Marc Tassart","doi":"10.1530/ETJ-26-0070","DOIUrl":"10.1530/ETJ-26-0070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12159,"journal":{"name":"European Thyroid Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary and Lacrimal Disorders in Patients Treated with Radioiodine for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Soline Bondet de La Bernardie, Marie-Odile Bernier, Camille Buffet, Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre, Clemence Baudin","doi":"10.1530/ETJ-25-0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radioactive iodine therapy (RIT) is commonly used as an adjuvant treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). While its efficacy is well established, this therapy can cause radiation-induced damage to the salivary and lacrimal glands due to their ability to concentrate iodine. These adverse effects may lead to xerostomia, sialadenitis, or xerophthalmia. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of salivary and lacrimal dysfunctions in patients treated with RIT for DTC. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies published between 2000 and 2024. Meta-analyses of prevalence and odds ratios were carried out using random-effects models to estimate the pooled prevalence of events and the influence of administered activity. Thirty-eight studies were included in the review, of which sixteen were retained for the meta-analyses. The pooled prevalence of xerostomia decreased from 60% (95%CI 28;85) at <2 months to 17% (95%CI 10;28) more than one year post-RIT. A significant association was observed between high levels- with study-specific thresholds - of administered I131 activity and the occurrence of xerostomia. Sialadenitis and lacrimal dysfunction were also frequently reported. Despite heterogeneity in protocols and assessment tools, most studies highlighted a frequently persistent impairment in many patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis highlighted the frequency and persistence of salivary and lacrimal dysfunctions following RIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":12159,"journal":{"name":"European Thyroid Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of French inter-expert variability in thyroid nodule ultrasound.","authors":"Hari Sreedhar, Hervé Delingette, Guillaume P R Lajoinie, Edouard Ghanassia, Pierre-Yves Marcy, Hervé Monpeyssen, Charles Raffaelli","doi":"10.1530/ETJ-26-0059","DOIUrl":"10.1530/ETJ-26-0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Thyroid nodule ultrasound, conducted in France using the EU-TIRADS framework, is an essential tool for the management of these potentially malignant lesions. However, recent studies have suggested significant inter-reader variability in the description of sonographic features that form the foundation of EU-TIRADS scoring. To assess the impact of this variability in France, this work examines inter-reader differences among experienced French practitioners in assigning EU-TIRADS scores and sonographic feature labels to images acquired during routine clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 303 axial-view ultrasound images of thyroid nodules were collected from four practice sites in France, including both private clinics and university hospitals. Each image was reviewed independently by four experts with at least 15 years of experience, who assigned both sonographic feature labels and an EU-TIRADS score to it. The inter-reader variability was assessed for each score and label, along with an evaluation of individual expert tendencies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate a substantial degree of inter-expert variability in both the identification of individual features and the assignment of an EU-TIRADS score. The most heavily marked disagreements concerned nodule echogenicity, the presence of punctate echogenic foci, and nodule shape.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the current state of practice for ultrasound-based thyroid nodule diagnosis in France may suffer from substantial inter-expert variability in the identification of key sonographic features and the attribution of EU-TIRADS scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":12159,"journal":{"name":"European Thyroid Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat imaging based on water-fat separation for interpreting extraocular muscle heterogeneity in thyroid eye disease.","authors":"Linhan Zhai, Yangyang Yin, Yu Chen, Weiqiang Liang, Feng Li, Qiuxia Wang, Gang Yuan, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1530/ETJ-25-0366","DOIUrl":"10.1530/ETJ-25-0366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The heterogeneity of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in thyroid eye disease (TED) correlates with response to intravenous glucocorticoid (IVGC) therapy but remains unquantified by current imaging. This study applied habitat imaging to characterize EOM heterogeneity and remodeling patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 138 patients with active moderate-to-severe TED (84 responsive; 54 unresponsive), all undergoing water-fat separation imaging before and after IVGC therapy. Four EOM habitat subregions were defined using the Otsu method based on water and fat signal intensity (SI). Volume and volume percentage (VP), including their absolute (Δ) and relative (Δ%) changes post-therapy, were compared between groups. Univariate analysis compared habitat features, while binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified valuable parameters for evaluating therapeutic effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Habitat imaging identified edema (high SIwater and low SIfat) and myosteatosis (low SIwater and high SIfat) subregions. The responsive group exhibited a higher edema VP (32.64 vs 14.13%, P = 0.008) at baseline. After IVGC treatment, the responsive group had a significant decrease in edema VP (32.64 vs 9.85%, P < 0.001); both groups displayed increased myosteatosis, with more pronounced changes observed in the responders. The combination of Δ volume of myosteatosis region and Δ% volume of whole region demonstrated excellent discriminative ability (AUC = 0.86) with high sensitivity (93.75%) in treatment response assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Habitat imaging based on water-fat separation provides quantitative visualization of EOM pathological remodeling, establishing myosteatosis as an adjunctive biomarker for evaluating IVGC therapeutic response.</p>","PeriodicalId":12159,"journal":{"name":"European Thyroid Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor: \"Can back-wall cystic figures of thyroid nodules predict benignity?\"","authors":"Jean-Guillaume Marchand, Marie Bienvenu-Perrard, Agnes Rouxel, Cécile Ghander, Camille Buffet, Gilles Russ","doi":"10.1530/ETJ-26-0108","DOIUrl":"10.1530/ETJ-26-0108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12159,"journal":{"name":"European Thyroid Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}