Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Evolutionary research on mental health in non-industrialized contexts: An introduction to the special issue.","authors":"Adam D Hunt, Elspeth Ready, Adrian V Jaeggi","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoag015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoag015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"eoag015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditionalism mediates social learning: Biases in acceptance of novel health interventions among Himba pastoralists.","authors":"Sean P Prall, Brooke A Scelza, Aparicio Lopes, Kassandra Schleper, Annabelle Savastio","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoag012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoag012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Applying social learning biases to healthcare decision-making may help explain why some people decide not to adopt health interventions. Traits like market integration and traditionalism can shape social learning biases, particularly in small scale populations with little formal education and distrust of outgroup populations. This study investigates the role of these features on social learning biases across four different health interventions among Himba pastoralists of northern Namibia.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Using vignettes from 473 participants sampled in 16 communities, we compare three social learning biases (conformity, prestige bias, parochialism) in four novel healthcare interventions. Participants completed a set of questions to estimate traditionalism and market integration. Multilevel models compared the impact of these variables on the probability of adopting the healthcare interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across social learning biases, conformity showed the strongest effect on likelihood of adoption, whereas we found no difference in the prestige bias condition (compared to conformity). More market integrated participants were more likely to adopt interventions, whereas more traditional participants were less likely to adopt when the outgroup advocated adoption or when most of the community didn't adopt the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>These results indicate conformity biases play a strong role in considerations about novel health interventions in indigenous communities, but also that traditional values are instrumental in shaping social learning biases. While previous focus has centered on market integration as a key predictor, we found the degree of traditionalism to be a critical and thus far underappreciated factor in mediating social learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13366536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148445245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood appendectomy is linked with higher digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary disease risk but lower inflammatory bowel disease risk.","authors":"Sean G Byars, Stephen C Stearns, Jacobus J Boomsma","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoag011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoag011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Appendectomy is a common pediatric procedure generally considered safe beyond perioperative risks. However, the appendix may support gut biofilm maintenance and immune function, raising questions about potential long-term health consequences of its removal during childhood.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We examined associations between appendectomy before age 12 and subsequent risk of 25 disease outcomes between ages 12 and 30, using a population-based cohort of up to 1 071 086 children born in Denmark between 1979 and 1999 and followed through linked national registers until 2009. Stratified Cox regression models compared surgically treated individuals with matched controls without significant pre-surgical health differences. Analyses adjusted for pregnancy complications, parental disease history, birth weight, Apgar score, sex, and socioeconomic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Childhood appendectomy was associated with increased risk of several disease categories, particularly digestive [relative risk (RR) 1.45-1.64], respiratory (RR 1.20-1.73), and genitourinary disorders (RR 1.30-1.72). In contrast, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk was reduced (RR 0.58). Absolute risk increases were most notable for digestive (up to 2.81%) and respiratory diseases (up to 4.89%), suggesting measurable population-level associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>Childhood appendectomy is associated with altered long-term disease risk. These findings support evidence that the appendix contributes to digestive and immune function. Although the reduced risk of IBD may represent a beneficial association, our results suggest that the appendix is not functionally redundant, particularly during immune development in childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive therapy and its challenges.","authors":"Jinling Wu, Maximilian A R Strobl, Jacob G Scott","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoag010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoag010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13271406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive suppression and release in artemisinin-resistant <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> field isolates.","authors":"Katelyn Vendrely Brenneman, Tarrick Qahash, Katherine A Beckman, François H Nosten, Michael T Ferdig","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoag009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoag009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Infection with multiple genetically distinct <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> parasites is common in human malaria cases. Within an infected patient, a particular genotype may thrive, influencing its chance of transmission. Competitive growth assays provide a quantitative index to assess relative dynamic fitness disparities among co-infecting parasites across experimentally controlled, physiologically relevant conditions to test specific hypotheses. The ability to assess the relative competitive fitness of parasite genotypes present in patient-derived samples will be particularly valuable to track the spread of partial artemisinin (ART) resistance now emerging in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Pairwise competitive growth outcomes of genetically distinct ART-resistant (ART-R) and ART-sensitive clones isolated from the Thailand-Myanmar border were evaluated after perturbation with dihydroartemisinin. Fluorescent labeled microsatellite markers were used to measure the relative growth densities of each competing parasite. Resistant and susceptible clones were mixed and grown alone in the presence and absence of drug to determine dynamic fitness relationships among the co-infecting parasites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ART-R strains demonstrate a competitive advantage when grown in the presence of a high drug dose. However, the loss of this advantage varies in the absence of drug, producing a range of fitness phenotypes for sensitive and resistant strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>Not surprisingly, drug-resistant parasites outcompete susceptible parasites under drug; however, additional variables influence whether resistant parasites ultimately prevail when drug is removed, suggesting independent or interacting genetic mechanisms. Knowing relative fitness advantages and costs of specific genotypes can inform how they will spread and evolve in a competitive environment, directing novel intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Lay summary: </strong>Malaria infections often contain both drug-resistant and drug-sensitive parasites. Parasites were co-grown with and without antimalarials and competitive outcomes varied: sometimes resistant parasites won, sometimes sensitives parasites won, and in one case, the winner changed with antimalarial treatment. Drug-resistant parasite success depends on competing parasites, complicating the prediction of resistance spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13271393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evolutionary medicine perspective on the design of non-hormonal contraceptives for women.","authors":"Ned J Place, Wei Yan","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoag008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoag008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evolutionary mismatches between the reproductive life histories of women in industrialized societies and their Paleolithic ancestors are established risk factors for gynecological pathologies and breast cancer. In contemporary women, these include earlier menarche, delayed first full-term pregnancy, and reduced or absent lactation. Hormonal contraceptives lower the risks of ovarian and endometrial cancers by suppressing ovulation and modulating menstruation, and next-generation female contraceptives, including non-hormonal approaches, should aim to retain these non-contraceptive benefits. With careful design, non-hormonal contraceptives could further improve outcomes by reducing breast cancer risk, which may be variably elevated with oral contraceptive use. Importantly, these principles also have implications for male contraception, where preserving endocrine balance while achieving effective fertility control remains a central challenge. Evolutionary medicine provides a useful framework for developing contraceptives that optimize both reproductive and long-term health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"eoag008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13264389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Built environment is a key driver of cardiometabolic health in two Indigenous groups undergoing rapid lifestyle change.","authors":"Marina M Watowich, Audrey M Arner, Selina Wang, Echwa John, John C Kahumbu, Patriciah Kinyua, Anjelina Lopurudoi, Francis Lotukoi, Charles M Mwai, Benjamin Muhoya, Boniface Mukoma, Kar Lye Tam, Tan Bee Ting A/P Tan Boon Huat, Michael Gurven, Yvonne A L Lim, Dino Martins, Sospeter Ngoci Njeru, Kee-Seong Ng, Vivek V Venkataraman, Ian J Wallace, Julien F Ayroles, Thomas S Kraft, Amanda J Lea","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoag007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoag007","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Globally, subsistence-level societies are experiencing rapid urbanization and concomitant increases in cardiometabolic diseases. Generalized measures to quantify lifestyle transitions will facilitate the identification of the most potent drivers of changing health within and between populations, enabling the identification of vulnerable communities, and aiding in the creation of effective policies to minimize disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We developed ten scales &lt;i&gt;a priori&lt;/i&gt; to quantify unique facets of lifestyle (e.g. urban infrastructure, market integration) from cross-sectional data in two Indigenous, transitioning subsistence groups undergoing rapid change in very different ecological and sociopolitical contexts: Turkana pastoralists of northwest Kenya (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3692) and Orang Asli mixed subsistence practitioners of Peninsular Malaysia (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1119). We tested the extent to which these lifestyle scales predicted 16 measures of cardiometabolic health in each group. We also used factor analysis to decompose lifestyle data &lt;i&gt;post hoc&lt;/i&gt; into salient axes, sensitivity analyses to identify the most important drivers of health, and sex-stratified analyses to investigate whether facets of lifestyle differentially impacted cardiometabolic health among males and females.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Cardiometabolic health was best predicted by measures that quantified urban infrastructure and market-derived material wealth compared to metrics encompassing diet, mobility, or acculturation, and these results were highly consistent across Turkana and Orang Asli and across sexes. Factor analysis results were also highly consistent between the two groups, revealing that lifestyle variation decomposes into two distinct axes-representing the built environment and diet-which change at different paces and have different relationships with health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our analyses revealed surprising generalizability: in both the Turkana and Orang Asli, measures of local infrastructure and built environment better predicted cardiometabolic health than other facets of lifestyle that are seemingly more proximate to health, such as diet. We hypothesize that this is because the built environment impacts unmeasured proximate drivers like physical activity and broader access to market goods, and because it serves as a proxy of duration of market integration. Our results support the usage of relatively simple and easy to characterize features of the built environment as a cross-cultural tool in the investigation of lifestyle impacts on cardiometabolic health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lay summary: &lt;/strong&gt;Worldwide, Indigenous and subsistence-level societies are undergoing rapid urbanization, industrialization, and market integration. To facilitate comparative and within-population analyses of resulting changes in health, we developed ten scales that quantify different features of lifestyle change that occur","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148307912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preterm birth, airway microbiome, and the evolutionary origins of asthma.","authors":"Alisha Khalil, Zaneta Marie Thayer, Luisa Maria Rivera","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoag005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoag005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13045815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law in lowland rural Nepal: The balance of power and health outcomes.","authors":"Akanksha A Marphatia, Laura Busert-Sebela, Dharma S Manandhar, Alice Reid, Mario Cortina-Borja, Naomi Saville, Meenakshi Dahal, Mahesh C Puri, Jonathan C K Wells","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoag006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoag006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The relationship between daughters-in-law (DIL) and mothers-in-law (MIL) is often portrayed as conflictual, though from an evolutionary perspective, the two women could cooperate to gain Darwinian fitness benefits. We investigated this relationship in a society where it is central to women's social niche. Without asking directly, we aimed to evaluate markers of conflict and harmony in households, and whether variability in this balance was reflected in differential health outcomes. We also tested whether conflict was less likely in households with more children, and hence greater shared genetic interest.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We studied 110 co-resident DIL-MIL dyads from rural lowland Nepal and compared anthropometry, physical and mental health, lived experience, agency, and attributed contributions to household tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, DIL had better mental health than MIL, and greater weight and height. Tension over childcare and resting was common. Mental health and height differences within dyads were greater in households with inferred conflict over childcare, compared to inferred harmony households. DIL had better health outcomes and higher weight and height relative to MIL if they lived in conflict compared to harmony households, whereas MIL had better health outcomes if they lived in harmony households. Number of children did not predict conflict.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>Despite MIL being senior in the household, DIL reported lower stress and better mental health, especially in households with inferred conflict. DIL in such households also had better nutritional status. Having had time since marriage to consolidate their status in the household, DIL may have increased their agency and power.</p><p><strong>Lay summary: </strong>Our study in rural Nepal aimed to identify which of daughter-in-law or mother-in-law held the upper hand in the household hierarchy, and how this was reflected in health outcomes. Although mothers-in-law are more senior, daughters-in-law had better physical and mental health, especially in households with inferred conflict over childcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13221951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148137053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer, collapse, and the politics of somatic evolution.","authors":"Michel Salzet","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoag004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoag004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multicellularity rests on a social contract: cells give up autonomy in exchange for shared resources, division of labour, and protection. Cancer is what happens when that contract collapses, and somatic evolution runs loose inside the body. Here, the multicellular social contract is used as a framework to recast tumour suppressors, tissue architecture, and immune surveillance as enforcement devices, and cancer as a 'rogue society' where cheater lineages exploit public goods, remodel niches, and build hierarchies. This perspective links clonal evolution, phenotypic plasticity, and therapy resistance to the 'politics' of rules and enforcement, and points towards therapies that do not just kill malignant cells but actively reshape the conditions under which somatic evolution proceeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13169519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147940639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}