Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health最新文献_第2页

IF 3.7 3区医学

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae019

Zachary T Compton, J Arvid Ågren, Andriy Marusyk, Aurora M Nedelcu

{"title":"The Elephant and the Spandrel","authors":"Zachary T Compton, J Arvid Ågren, Andriy Marusyk, Aurora M Nedelcu","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoae019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoae019","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative oncology has made great strides in identifying patterns of cancer prevalence and risk across the tree of life. Such studies have often centered on elucidating the evolution of cancer suppression mechanisms, especially in large and/or long-lived animals such as elephants, in which cancer risk is assumed to exert a strong selective pressure. There is a worry, however, that we are overinterpreting these conclusions, as the deep evolutionary origins of these mechanisms and their involvement in cancer-unrelated functions suggest that the preeminent functions of the identified mechanisms may be unrelated to cancer. Instead, cancer suppression may be an evolutionary byproduct, or “spandrel”, of selection acting on development and somatic maintenance. Here, we highlight the importance of development and somatic maintenance as the underlying axis of natural selection. We argue that by shifting the focus of study from cancer suppression to development and somatic maintenance as the ultimate cause, we can gain a deeper understanding of the evolutionary pressures that shaped the mechanisms responsible for the observed variation in cancer prevalence across species.","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coping with extreme heat: current exposure and implications for the future 应对极端高温：当前面临的问题及对未来的影响

IF 3.7 3区医学

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae015

Chrles A Weitz

{"title":"Coping with extreme heat: current exposure and implications for the future","authors":"Chrles A Weitz","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoae015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoae015","url":null,"abstract":"A preview of how effective behavioral, biological, and technological responses might be in the future, when outdoor conditions will be at least 2oC hotter than current levels, is available today from studies of individuals already living in extreme heat These studies indicate that people commonly experience heat conditions that are substantially different from those recorded outdoors at fixed weather stations. In areas where high temperatures are common – particularly those in the hot and humid tropics – several studies report that indoor temperatures in low-income housing can be significantly hotter than those outdoors. A case study indicates that daily indoor heat indexes in almost all the 123 slum dwellings monitored in Kolkata during a summer were above 41oC (106oF) for at least an hour. Economic constraints make it unlikely that technological fixes, such as air conditioners, will remedy conditions like these – now or in the future. People without access to air conditioning will have to rely on behavioral adjustments and/or biological/physiological acclimatization. One important unknown is whether individuals who have lived their entire lives in hot environments without air conditioning possess natural levels of acclimatization greater than those indicated by controlled laboratory studies. Answering questions about the future will require more studies of individual experienced heat conditions, more information on indoor versus outdoor heat conditions, and a greater understanding of the behavioral and biological adjustments made by people living today in extremely hot conditions.","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commemorating the monkey bars, catalyst of debate at the intersection of human evolutionary biology and public health 纪念猴栏，人类进化生物学与公共卫生交汇处的辩论催化剂

IF 3.7 3区医学

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae017

Luke D Fannin, Zaneta M Thayer, Nathaniel J Dominy

{"title":"Commemorating the monkey bars, catalyst of debate at the intersection of human evolutionary biology and public health","authors":"Luke D Fannin, Zaneta M Thayer, Nathaniel J Dominy","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoae017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoae017","url":null,"abstract":"Play is an essential part of childhood, and growing attention has focused on the potential health benefits of “risky” or “thrill-seeking” play. Such play behavior is readily observed on any playground, where it can sometimes lead to injuries––most often from fall impacts––that require medical attention. Monkey bars account for ~7% of childhood arm fractures in the United States, an alarming statistic that raises difficult questions over its costs and benefits. Many authors view monkey bars as a public health hazard, but it is plausible that our childhood impulse toward thrill-seeking play is a result of selective pressures throughout our primate evolutionary history. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests that the developmental benefits of thrill-seeking play extend into adulthood, outweighing the occasional costs of injury. Disparate and consequential, these dueling perspectives have fueled debate among health professionals and policymakers, but with little attention to the work of biological anthropologists. Here we call attention to the hominin fossil record and play behaviors of non-human primates, providing a novel perspective that bolsters arguments for the adaptive significance of thrill-seeking play. The moment for such a review is timely, for it commemorates the centennial anniversaries of two playground icons: the jungle gym and monkey bars.","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Germline mutation rate predicts cancer mortality across 37 vertebrate species. 种系突变率可预测 37 种脊椎动物的癌症死亡率。

IF 3.3 3区医学

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-08-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae016

Stefania E Kapsetaki, Zachary T Compton, Walker Mellon, Orsolya Vincze, Mathieu Giraudeau, Tara M Harrison, Lisa M Abegglen, Amy M Boddy, Carlo C Maley, Joshua D Schiffman

{"title":"Germline mutation rate predicts cancer mortality across 37 vertebrate species.","authors":"Stefania E Kapsetaki, Zachary T Compton, Walker Mellon, Orsolya Vincze, Mathieu Giraudeau, Tara M Harrison, Lisa M Abegglen, Amy M Boddy, Carlo C Maley, Joshua D Schiffman","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoae016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoae016","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Cancer develops across nearly every species. However, cancer occurs at unexpected and widely different rates throughout the animal kingdom. The reason for this variation in cancer susceptibility remains an area of intense investigation. Cancer evolves in part through the accumulation of mutations, and therefore, we hypothesized that germline mutation rates would be associated with cancer prevalence and mortality across species.Methodology: We collected previously published data on germline mutation rate and cancer mortality data for 37 vertebrate species.Results: Germline mutation rate was positively correlated with cancer mortality (P-value = 0.0008; R2 = 0.13). Controlling for species' average parental age, maximum longevity, adult body mass or domestication did not improve the model fit (the change (Δ) in Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was less than 2). However, this model fit was better than a model controlling for species trophic level (ΔAIC > 2).Conclusions and implications: The increased death rate from cancer in animals with increased germline mutation rates may suggest underlying hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes similar to those diagnosed in human patients. Species with higher germline mutation rates may benefit from close monitoring for tumors due to increased genetic risk for cancer development. Early diagnoses of cancer in these species may increase their chances of overall survival, especially for threatened and endangered species.","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"12 1","pages":"122-128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating the Thrifty Genotype and Evolutionary Mismatch Hypotheses to understand variation in cardiometabolic disease risk 整合 "易变基因型 "和 "进化错配假说"，了解心脏代谢疾病风险的变异

IF 3.7 3区医学

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae014

Layla Brassington, Audrey M Arner, Marina M Watowich, Jane Damstedt, Ng Kee Seong, Yvonne Ai Lian Lim, Vivek V Venkataraman, Ian Wallace, Thomas S Kraft, Amanda J Lea

{"title":"Integrating the Thrifty Genotype and Evolutionary Mismatch Hypotheses to understand variation in cardiometabolic disease risk","authors":"Layla Brassington, Audrey M Arner, Marina M Watowich, Jane Damstedt, Ng Kee Seong, Yvonne Ai Lian Lim, Vivek V Venkataraman, Ian Wallace, Thomas S Kraft, Amanda J Lea","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoae014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoae014","url":null,"abstract":"More than 60 years ago, James Neel proposed the Thrifty Genotype Hypothesis to explain the widespread prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Western, industrial contexts. This hypothesis posits that variants linked to conservative energy usage and increased fat deposition would have been favored throughout human evolution due to the advantages they could provide during periods of resource limitation. However, in industrial environments, these variants instead produce an increased risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and related health issues. This hypothesis has been popular and impactful, with thousands of citations, many ongoing debates, and several spin-off theories in biomedicine, evolutionary biology, and anthropology. However, despite great attention, the applicability and utility of the Thrifty Genotype Hypothesis (TGH) to modern human health remains, in our opinion, unresolved. To move research in this area forward, we first discuss the original formulation of the TGH and its critiques. Second, we trace the TGH to updated hypotheses that are currently at the forefront of the evolutionary medicine literature—namely, the Evolutionary Mismatch Hypothesis. Third, we lay out empirical predictions for updated hypotheses and evaluate them against the current literature. Finally, we discuss study designs that could be fruitful for filling current knowledge gaps; here, we focus on partnerships with subsistence-level groups undergoing lifestyle transitions, and we present data from an ongoing study with the Orang Asli of Malaysia to illustrate this point. Overall, we hope this synthesis will guide new empirical research aimed at understanding how the human evolutionary past interacts with our modern environments to influence cardiometabolic health","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-examining the adaptive function of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy 重新审视孕期恶心和呕吐的适应功能

IF 3.7 3区医学

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae012

Emily H Emmott

引用次数: 0

Life history traits and cancer prevalence in birds 鸟类的生活史特征和癌症发病率

IF 3.7 3区医学

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae011

Stefania E Kapsetaki, Zachary T Compton, Jordyn Dolan, Valerie Κ Harris, Walker Mellon, Shawn M Rupp, Elizabeth G Duke, Tara M Harrison, Selin Aksoy, Mathieu Giraudeau, Orsolya Vincze, Kevin J McGraw, Athena Aktipis, Marc Tollis, Amy Μ Boddy, Carlo C Maley

{"title":"Life history traits and cancer prevalence in birds","authors":"Stefania E Kapsetaki, Zachary T Compton, Jordyn Dolan, Valerie Κ Harris, Walker Mellon, Shawn M Rupp, Elizabeth G Duke, Tara M Harrison, Selin Aksoy, Mathieu Giraudeau, Orsolya Vincze, Kevin J McGraw, Athena Aktipis, Marc Tollis, Amy Μ Boddy, Carlo C Maley","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoae011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoae011","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives Cancer is a disease that affects nearly all multicellular life, including the broad and diverse taxa of Aves. While little is known about the factors that contribute to cancer risk across Aves, life history trade-offs may explain some of this variability in cancer prevalence. We predict birds with high investment in reproduction may have a higher likelihood of developing cancer. In this study, we tested whether life history traits are associated with cancer prevalence in 108 species of birds. Methodology We obtained life history data from published databases and cancer data from5,729 necropsies from 108 species of birds across 24 taxonomic orders from 25 different zoological facilities. We performed phylogenetically-controlled regression analyses between adult body mass, lifespan, incubation length, clutch size, sexually dimorphic traits, and both neoplasia and malignancy prevalence. We also compared the neoplasia and malignancy prevalence of female and male birds. Results Providing support for a life history trade-off between somatic maintenance and reproduction, we found a positive relationship between clutch size and cancer prevalence across Aves. There was no significant association with body mass, lifespan, incubation length, or sexual dimorphism and cancer. Conclusions and implications Life history theory presents an important framework for understanding differences in cancer defenses across various species. These results suggest a trade-off between reproduction and somatic maintenance, where Aves with small clutch sizes get less cancer.","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3.3 3区医学

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-06-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae010

Megan F Cole, Paige Barnes, Isabelle G Monroe, Joshua Rukundo, Melissa Emery Thompson, Alexandra G Rosati

{"title":"Age-related physiological dysregulation progresses slowly in semi-free-ranging chimpanzees.","authors":"Megan F Cole, Paige Barnes, Isabelle G Monroe, Joshua Rukundo, Melissa Emery Thompson, Alexandra G Rosati","doi":"10.1093/emph/eoae010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/emph/eoae010","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Lifestyle has widespread effects on human health and aging. Prior results from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), one of humans' closest evolutionary relatives, indicate that these lifestyle effects may also be shared with other species, as semi-free-ranging chimpanzees fed a naturalistic diet show healthier values in several specific health biomarkers, compared with their sedentary, captive counterparts. Here, we examined how lifestyle factors associated with different environments affect rates of physiological aging in closely related chimpanzees.Methodology: We compared physiological dysregulation, an index of biological aging, in semi-free-ranging chimpanzees in an African sanctuary versus captive chimpanzees in US laboratories. If the rate of aging is accelerated by high-calorie diet and sedentism, we predicted greater age-related dysregulation in the laboratory populations. Conversely, if costs of a wild lifestyle accelerate aging, then semi-free-ranging chimpanzees at the sanctuary, whose environment better approximates the wild, should show greater age-related dysregulation. We further tested whether dysregulation differed based on sex or body system, as in humans.Results: We found that semi-free-ranging chimpanzees showed lower overall dysregulation, as well as lower age-related change in dysregulation, than laboratory chimpanzees. Males experienced lower dysregulation than females in both contexts, and the two populations exhibited distinct aging patterns based on body system.Conclusions and implications: Our results support the conclusion that naturalistic living conditions result in healthier aging in chimpanzees. These data provide support for the proposal that lifestyle effects on human health and aging are conserved from deeper into our evolutionary history.","PeriodicalId":12156,"journal":{"name":"Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health","volume":"12 1","pages":"129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Uncontrollable Mortality Risk Hypothesis: Theoretical Foundations and Implications for Public Health 无法控制的死亡风险假说：理论基础和对公共卫生的影响

IF 3.7 3区医学

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae009

Richard D Brown, Gillian V Pepper

引用次数: 0

Senolytics and cell senescence: historical and evolutionary perspectives. 衰老素与细胞衰老：历史与进化的视角。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-05-03 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae007

Caleb E Finch

引用次数: 0