Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology最新文献_第2页

Small‐size sensors for the in‐field stripping voltammetric analysis of water 用于水的现场溶出伏安分析的小型传感器

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/FACT.10006

K. Brainina, Inna V. Kubysheva, E. G. Miroshnikova, S. I. Parshakov, Yuri G. Maksimov, Andrei E. Volkonsky

{"title":"Small‐size sensors for the in‐field stripping voltammetric analysis of water","authors":"K. Brainina, Inna V. Kubysheva, E. G. Miroshnikova, S. I. Parshakov, Yuri G. Maksimov, Andrei E. Volkonsky","doi":"10.1002/FACT.10006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/FACT.10006","url":null,"abstract":"Sensors based on thick-film graphite and screen-printed electrodes open up a new era in stripping voltammetry. The increasing application of the stripping analysis in laboratory, field, and on-line variants is expected in the near future. The use of modified thick-film graphite and screen-printed electrodes allows solving main problems of the method: toxicity of mercury and mechanical regeneration of the solid electrode surface. However, one of the problems with the stripping voltammetric method, namely the interference of organic compounds, cannot be solved without sample pretreatment. New four-electrode sensors based on thick-film graphite and screen-printed carbon electrodes for analysis of natural and waste waters are described. The analysis is performed in three steps: sample pretreatment, accumulation of the analyte on the electrode surface, and measurement. The measuring cells have a small volume (e.g., 0.2–0.8 ml) sufficient for uniform mixing of the test solution and introduction (if required) of standard additions. A solid electrolyte can be placed in the cell. The sensors were used for determination of Cu, Pb, and Cd concentrations. The detection limit is n × 10−7 g l−1. Some results of the analysis of model solutions, river and waste waters with the use of the standard addition method or calibration curves are given. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 260–271, 2001; DOI 10.1002/fact.10006","PeriodicalId":12132,"journal":{"name":"Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83866753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Rapid determination of bacteria in drinking water using an ATP assay 使用ATP试验快速测定饮用水中的细菌

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/FACT.1020

R. A. Deininger, Jiyoung Lee

{"title":"Rapid determination of bacteria in drinking water using an ATP assay","authors":"R. A. Deininger, Jiyoung Lee","doi":"10.1002/FACT.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/FACT.1020","url":null,"abstract":"The presently used heterotrophic plate count (HPC) for the evaluation of the total number of bacteria in a sample of drinking water takes 7 days of incubation. When the results are known, the water has been consumed and is ineffective for the protection of the health of the consumers. Operators of water treatment systems need to know the bacterial water quality in near real time. Contamination of the system, whether it is intentional, accidental, or due to an inadequate disinfectant residual needs to be discovered much sooner because intervention can then take place in the form of flushing low quality water and/or raising the disinfectant residual. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine if a rapid ATP assay can estimate the HPC in minutes. Two additional methods were used for some samples. The first method was the acridine orange direct count (AODC) that enumerates both viable and nonviable bacteria. The second method was the direct viable count (DVC) that enumerates only viable bacteria. Water samples were obtained from local, national, and international locations. The sample selection criteria were based on proximity to the laboratory, cooperating water utilities, and the travel of the authors. The results of the study show that the rapid ATP assay is highly correlated with the conventional plate count method and the DVC method. The significance of the ATP assay is that it can determine the bacterial quality of the drinking water in less than 5 min. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 185–189, 2001","PeriodicalId":12132,"journal":{"name":"Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82564809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 78

Rapid In Situ Collection and Analysis of Semivolatile Organics by Thermal Extraction Cone Penetrometry Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry 半挥发性有机物的快速原位采集与分析——热萃取锥透入-气相色谱/质谱法

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:2/3<85::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-#

Alexander Gorshteyn, A. Robbat

{"title":"Rapid In Situ Collection and Analysis of Semivolatile Organics by Thermal Extraction Cone Penetrometry Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Alexander Gorshteyn, A. Robbat","doi":"10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:2/3<85::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:2/3<85::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"A thermal extraction cone penetrometer (TECP) has been developed to detect subsurface contaminants in situ without bringing soil to the surface or into a col- lection chamber. Coupled with thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) sample collection and analysis can be accomplished in 20 min for the full range of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Target Compounds (EPA). TECP extraction effi- ciencies of 50 to 100% can be obtained for most EPA Method 8270 compounds. Results of 99 volatile and semivolatile organics analyzed from the same TECP ex- tracted soil in 16 and 40 min are presented. Measurement precision and accuracy were well within the Method 8270 benchmarks required for solvent-extracted soils ana- lyzed by GC/MS. The total ion and reconstructed ion cur- rent chromatograms are shown for chlorinated solvents and gasoline constituents extracted from a hazardous waste site located at Hanscom Air Force Base (Bedford, MA). Data compared favorably against traditional purge and trap GC/MS. 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 4: 85-92, 2000","PeriodicalId":12132,"journal":{"name":"Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80555559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Quiet service from a field measurement technology; Ion mobility spectrometry is used worldwide for on‐site analyses and current advances suggest a role in field measurements in the future 安静的服务来自于现场测量技术;离子迁移率光谱法在世界范围内用于现场分析，目前的进展表明在未来的现场测量中发挥作用

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<217::AID-FACT1>3.0.CO;2-C

G. Eiceman

引用次数: 3

Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds in the subsurface by membrane introduction into a direct sampling ion‐trap mass spectrometer 直接采样离子阱质谱仪引入膜快速检测地下挥发性有机化合物

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<246::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-W

J. Costanza, W. Davis

{"title":"Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds in the subsurface by membrane introduction into a direct sampling ion‐trap mass spectrometer","authors":"J. Costanza, W. Davis","doi":"10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<246::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<246::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-W","url":null,"abstract":"The Triservice Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) was developed to reduce the time and cost required for site characterization. Direct-push sensors were developed to detect specific classes of contaminants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, explosive compounds, radionuclides, metals, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This article describes the demonstration of a direct-push sensor that can quantify VOC contamination in the subsurface in real time. This system consists of a membrane interface probe (MIP) manufactured by Geoprobe Systems coupled to a direct sampling ion-trap mass spectrometer (ITMS). The ITMS-MIP system was shown to rapidly collect and analyze samples from the subsurface, regardless of matrix. Two of the five demonstrations discussed resulted in a strong linear correlation (r2 = 0.9) with validation samples analyzed using EPA Method 8260. The other three demonstrations revealed that the calibration method used in this work introduced a bias compared to EPA methods.* © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 4: 246–254, 2000","PeriodicalId":12132,"journal":{"name":"Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77334065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Fundamental considerations for the application of miniature Ion mobility spectrometry to field analytical applications 微型离子迁移率光谱法应用于现场分析的基本考虑

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<255::AID-FACT5>3.0.CO;2-R

G. Spangler

{"title":"Fundamental considerations for the application of miniature Ion mobility spectrometry to field analytical applications","authors":"G. Spangler","doi":"10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<255::AID-FACT5>3.0.CO;2-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<255::AID-FACT5>3.0.CO;2-R","url":null,"abstract":"Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a popular field analyzer. The reason for its popularity is its small size, its sensitivity, and the amount of information contained in the ion mobility spectrum. Several research groups are working on smaller IMS cells using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. New principles of operation will be needed to achieve this goal. The theory supporting the development of the radio frequency (RF) IMS is described. RF-IMS separates ions by applying an asymmetric RF field across two parallel plates and passing the ions through the separator. The performance of the device no longer depends on a simple linear relationship between the drift velocity and an electric field, but rather on a nonlinear relationship between these parameters. Consequently, a more detailed momentum-transfer theory is needed. The required theory is developed and applied to the interpretation of experimental data here. The importance of using momentum transfer theory in combination with the continuity equation is demonstrated. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 4: 255–267, 2000","PeriodicalId":12132,"journal":{"name":"Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81413501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

New horizons: explosive detection in soil extracts with a fiber-optic biosensor. 新视野:用光纤生物传感器检测土壤提取物中的爆炸物。

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<239::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-Z

L. Shriver-Lake, C. H. Patterson, Saskia K. van Bergen

{"title":"New horizons: explosive detection in soil extracts with a fiber-optic biosensor.","authors":"L. Shriver-Lake, C. H. Patterson, Saskia K. van Bergen","doi":"10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<239::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<239::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-Z","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of soils with the explosives TNT and RDX is a worldwide problem that has resulted from inadequate disposal methods. Many of these contamination sites are currently being characterized or are undergoing remediation. The ability to obtain real-time, on-site results would save remediation time, reduce cost, and provide for efficient use of labor during cleanup. The NRL fiber-optic biosensor, which has been demonstrated for the on-site detection of explosives in ground water, has expanded its horizons to include detection in soil extracts. Soil samples from several sites in the United States were analyzed for TNT and RDX. The explosives were removed from the soil with a 3-min acetone extraction. The extract was mixed with buffer containing a fluorescent explosive analog and exposed to the antibody-coated optical probes. In the presence of either TNT or RDX, a decrease in the fluorescence signal, proportional to the explosive concentration, was observed. In less than 20 min, analysis on four optical probes was completed. Extract results from the fiber-optic biosensor were compared to those from U.S. EPA SW 846 Method 8330 (reverse-phase high-performance chromatography). Detection limits of 0.5 mg/kg (0.1 mg/l) of TNT and RDX in soil acetone extracts were obtained. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* Field Analyt Chem Technol 4: 239–245, 2000","PeriodicalId":12132,"journal":{"name":"Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84127885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Speculating about PM‐associated urban mortality… 推测与PM相关的城市死亡率…

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:6<269::AID-FACT10>3.0.CO;2-I

HenkL.C. Meuzelaar

引用次数: 0

Quantitative analysis of benzene, toluene, and m-xylene with the use of a UV–ion mobility spectrometer 使用紫外离子迁移谱仪对苯、甲苯和间二甲苯进行定量分析

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:4<157::AID-FACT2>3.0.CO;2-#

S. Sielemann, J. Baumbach, H. Schmidt, P. Pilzecker

{"title":"Quantitative analysis of benzene, toluene, and m-xylene with the use of a UV–ion mobility spectrometer","authors":"S. Sielemann, J. Baumbach, H. Schmidt, P. Pilzecker","doi":"10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:4<157::AID-FACT2>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:4<157::AID-FACT2>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"An ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) equipped with a 10.6 eV low-pressure gas-discharge lamp usually used in photoionization detectors for gas chromatographic applications was developed for the continuous detection of benzene, toluene, and m-xylene. To improve the resolution of the IMS for single substances a customized IMS with a doubled drift tube length was built. The responses of both IMS (drift tube lengths of 6 and 12 cm) to the compounds selected were determined and compared. The advantages of the combination of multi-capillary columns with IMS are discussed with the aim of achieving further enhancements to the resolution of the instrument. This coupling leads to a significant increase in the scope of application of ion mobility spectrometry for environmental applications. The influence of intermolecular charge-transfer reactions on the peak can be reduced and more complex matrices considered. The presented three-dimensional correlation supports the interpretation of the spectra acquired from the mixtures. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 4: 157–169, 2000","PeriodicalId":12132,"journal":{"name":"Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86214241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Statistical treatments for rapid tests with discrete measuring range 离散量程快速试验的统计处理

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:6<270::AID-FACT20>3.0.CO;2-6

A. Götzl, W. Riepe

引用次数: 0