Small‐size sensors for the in‐field stripping voltammetric analysis of water
K. Brainina, Inna V. Kubysheva, E. G. Miroshnikova, S. I. Parshakov, Yuri G. Maksimov, Andrei E. Volkonsky
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引用次数: 20
Abstract
Sensors based on thick-film graphite and screen-printed electrodes open up a new era in stripping voltammetry. The increasing application of the stripping analysis in laboratory, field, and on-line variants is expected in the near future. The use of modified thick-film graphite and screen-printed electrodes allows solving main problems of the method: toxicity of mercury and mechanical regeneration of the solid electrode surface. However, one of the problems with the stripping voltammetric method, namely the interference of organic compounds, cannot be solved without sample pretreatment. New four-electrode sensors based on thick-film graphite and screen-printed carbon electrodes for analysis of natural and waste waters are described. The analysis is performed in three steps: sample pretreatment, accumulation of the analyte on the electrode surface, and measurement. The measuring cells have a small volume (e.g., 0.2–0.8 ml) sufficient for uniform mixing of the test solution and introduction (if required) of standard additions. A solid electrolyte can be placed in the cell. The sensors were used for determination of Cu, Pb, and Cd concentrations. The detection limit is n × 10−7 g l−1. Some results of the analysis of model solutions, river and waste waters with the use of the standard addition method or calibration curves are given. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 260–271, 2001; DOI 10.1002/fact.10006
用于水的现场溶出伏安分析的小型传感器
基于厚膜石墨和丝网印刷电极的传感器开创了剥离伏安法的新时代。预计在不久的将来,汽提分析将越来越多地应用于实验室、现场和在线变体。使用改性厚膜石墨和丝网印刷电极可以解决该方法的主要问题:汞的毒性和固体电极表面的机械再生。但是,溶出伏安法存在的一个问题,即有机化合物的干扰,如果不进行样品预处理就无法解决。介绍了一种基于厚膜石墨和丝网印刷碳电极的新型四电极传感器,用于分析自然和废水。分析分三个步骤进行:样品预处理,分析物在电极表面的积累和测量。测量池的体积小(例如,0.2-0.8 ml),足以均匀混合测试溶液和引入(如果需要)标准添加剂。固体电解质可以放置在电池中。该传感器用于铜、铅、镉浓度的测定。检测限为n × 10−7 g l−1。文中给出了用标准加入法或标定曲线对模型溶液、河流和废水进行分析的一些结果。©2002 Wiley期刊公司化学工程学报(英文版);2001;DOI 10.1002 / fact.10006
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