Food & Nutrition Research最新文献

{"title":"Carbohydrates – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023","authors":"Emily Sonestedt, Nina Øverby","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.10226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.10226","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dietary carbohydrates are a major source of energy in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The health effects of different types of carbohydrates vary and there is a need to update the evidence regarding specific carbohydrates and their effects on health-related outcomes.
 Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to describe the evidence for the role of total carbohydrates (fiber excluded), glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) and added or free sugars for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating dietary reference values for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendation (NNR) 2023.
 Method: We included evidence from several qualified systematic reviews (the World Cancer Research Fund, the European Food Safety Authority, the World Health Organization, the United States Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, the United Kingdom Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition) identified by the NNR project in line with the protocol description.
 Results: There is limited evidence that total carbohydrate intake (fiber excluded) outside of the current recommended range of 45–60% of energy is associated with health-related outcomes. There were no consistent benefits on clinical outcomes when changing the GI of a diet. High intake of dietary sugars is well known to be associated with dental caries. There was evidence from randomized control trials on surrogate disease endpoints, for a positive and causal relationship between the intake of added and free sugars and risk of some chronic metabolic diseases with moderate level of certainty for obesity and dyslipidaemia. The level of certainty was high for an association between high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of several chronic metabolic diseases.
 Conclusion: While there is limited evidence that total carbohydrates and GI and GL of the diet are related to health outcomes, the evidence suggests that high intakes of added and free sugars are related to detrimental health effects. In addition, with increasing intake of added and free sugars, there is less room for healthy foods and micronutrients, which is especially important for those with low energy intake, such as children.","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"87 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023","authors":"Anne-Lise Bjørke Monsen, Vegard Lysne","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.10257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.10257","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is essential for normal metabolic function, and even moderate deficiency of this vitamin has negative health effects. Vitamin B12 is found in animal foods, and as vegetarian diets are increasingly popular in Western countries, one might expect a higher prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in the Nordic population. Setting recommendations for vitamin B12 intake has proven to be difficult, as uptake of vitamin B12 varies substantially, the clinical deficiency symptoms are often diffuse, and there is no clear agreement on the decision limits for vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is reported to be particularly common among pregnant women and infants, despite the fact that less than 1% of Norwegian pregnant women have a cobalamin intake below the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012-recommended level of 2.0 µg/day. In addition, the assumption that breast milk contains sufficient vitamin B12 for optimal health and neurodevelopment during the first 6 months of life does not comply with the high prevalence of insufficient vitamin B12 status in this age group. Recommended intakes of vitamin B12 vary among age groups and must be based on markers of cobalamin status, indicating an optimal intracellular biochemical status, and not merely absence of clinical signs of vitamin B12 deficiency.","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"110 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135342140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin A – a scoping review for Nordic nutrition Recommendations 2023","authors":"Thomas Olsen, Ulf H. Lerner","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.10229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.10229","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin A refers to a group of fat-soluble compounds with retinol activity, including all-trans retinol and pro-vitamin A carotenoids. Bioactive compounds include retinal and all-trans retinoic acid with important functions in vision, immune function, growth, and development. The literature search that was performed for the current scoping review yielded a total of seven publications relevant to setting the recommended daily intake for vitamin A. In total, six publications assessed the relationship of serum retinol and/or dietary vitamin A intake with fracture risk (n = 2), cancer (n = 3), and deficiency after bariatric surgery (n = 1). One additional report by the European Food Safety Administration (EFSA) with updated average requirements was included. The outcomes-based systematic reviews and meta-analyses showed positive associations for vitamin A intake and serum retinol with risk of hip fracture. Weak or inconclusive associations were observed for cancer or obesity. One publication by EFSA with updated estimated average requirements and population reference intakes for dietary vitamin A intakes was published in 2015. The EFSA recommendations and estimated average requirements are based on a European reference population, with body weights derived from an assumed body mass index of 22, which might be too low and not representative of the Nordic and Baltic populations, and consequently resulting in lower estimated average requirements and recommendations. In conclusion, there were limited new outcomes-based data for vitamin A and health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"35 139","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135541554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized controlled pilot study: effect of carrageenan emulsifier on inflammation and gastrointestinal symptoms in quiescent ulcerative colitis.","authors":"Reijo Laatikainen,&nbsp;Markku Lehto,&nbsp;Noora Mäkelä-Salmi,&nbsp;Markku Hillilä,&nbsp;Per-Henrik Groop,&nbsp;Hanne Salmenkari","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9575","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Animal models have provided some evidence of the pro-inflammatory effects of the commonly used emulsifier carrageenan. However, the effects of food-grade carrageenan among people with ulcerative colitis (UC) are largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study comparing high molecular carrageenan and oat-based beta-glucan preparation (placebo) among patients (<i>n</i> = 7) with quiescent UC was performed. Primary endpoint was Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) at the end of the treatment (7th day). Secondary analyses included biochemical biomarkers of inflammation, intestinal permeability, detoxification of intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and gastrointestinal symptoms measured by visual analog scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant differences in SCCAI or any biochemical markers between carrageenan and placebo periods, nor were there any significant differences when comparing either period to baseline. Gastrointestinal symptoms were higher during the placebo period; the sum of all symptoms and borborygmi was statistically significantly higher at the end of the placebo period than at the end of the carrageenan period (20.8 ± 18.6 vs. 13.3 ± 16.4; <i>P</i> = 0.031, and 29.7 ± 28.6 vs. 17.9 ± 23.6; <i>P</i> = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that at least short-term usage of food-grade carrageenan is safe among people with UC, but given the limitations of the current study, robust human studies are still urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"67 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71422021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aged black tea alleviates constipation in mice by modulating intestinal neurotransmitters and decreasing AQP3 and AQP9 expression","authors":"Yu Wu, Qiuhua Li, Junxi Cao, Fenling Fan, Lishe Gan, Rihui Wu, Jingwei Jin, Ruohong Chen, Lingli Sun, Zhenbiao Zhang, Xingfei Lai, Wing-Leung Wong, Shili Sun, Dongli Li","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.9513","url":null,"abstract":"Background:&nbsp;Black tea is fully fermented tea with abundant functional components that benefit the gastrointestinal tract. But whether black tea extract relieves constipation is unknown. Therefore, we used loperamide to induce constipation in mice to assess the therapeutical effect of extracts from aged black tea with different storage times. Design:&nbsp;Sixty-three C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into Control group (Con), Model group (Mod), Positive group (Pos), aged 6 years group (15Y), aged 4 years group (17Y), aged 2 years group (19Y), and unaged group (21Y). Mice were given loperamide (20 mg/kg, twice a day) to induce constipation for 10 days, and black tea extracts (500 mg/kg) were intragastrically given for 7 days while continuing modeling. Results:&nbsp;The results showed that black tea extracts relieved constipation symptoms by improving defecation weight, fecal water content, and gastrointestinal transit rate. Black tea extracts can also protect colon tissue, regulate serum neurotransmitters, increase the levels of excitatory neurotransmitters motilin (MTL) and substance P (SP), and decrease the levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that black tea extracts were able to reduce AQP3 and AQP9 expression in the colon of constipated mice. In addition, Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that black tea extracts could decrease AQP3 and AQP9 mRNA expression. The relief effect of aged black tea (15Y) with the longest storage was better than that of other years, which may be due to the role of active ingredients such as thearubigins (TRs), soluble sugar, tea polysaccharide (TPS), gallic acid (GA), and catechin gallate (CG) in aged black tea. Conclusions:&nbsp;Based on these results, we believe that regular consumption of black tea is effective in relieving constipation, and that black tea is more effective in relieving constipation as the storage time increases.","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synergistic blend of <i>Garcinia mangostana</i> fruit rind and <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> leaf extracts enhances myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis <i>in vitro</i> and muscle growth and strength in mice.","authors":"Swaraj Sinha,&nbsp;Krishnaraju Venkata Alluri,&nbsp;Venkateswarlu Somepalli,&nbsp;Trimurtulu Golakoti,&nbsp;Krishanu Sengupta","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9750","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A proprietary combination of <i>Garcinia mangostana</i> fruit rind and <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> leaf extracts (LI80020F4, CinDura^®) improved the physical performance and muscle strength of resistance-trained adult males.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed the underlying mechanisms of the ergogenic potential of LI80020F4 in <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The individual extracts and their combination (LI80020F4) were assessed for nitrite production in EAhy926 human endothelial cells. Subsequent experiments evaluated the effect of LI80020F4 in myotube formation in C2C12 mouse myoblasts, expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling proteins, myogenic factors, and mitochondrial functions in L6 rat myoblasts.Moreover, adult male ICR mice were randomly assigned (<i>n</i> = 15) into vehicle control (G1), exercise alone (G2), oxymetholone-16 mg/kg body weight (bw) (G3), and 75 (G4)-, 150 (G5)-, or 300 (G6) mg/kg bw of LI80020F4, orally gavaged for 28 days. G1 and G2 mice received 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Following completion, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed on forelimb grip strength and forced swimming test (FST), respectively. Gastrocnemius (GA), tibialis anterior (TA) muscle weights, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), levels of muscle, and serum protein markers were also determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LI80020F4 increased nitrite production in EAhy926 cells in a dose-dependent manner. LI80020F4 induced C2C12 myotube formation, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, upregulated the expressions of activated mTOR and other mitochondria and myogenic proteins, and mitigated H₂O₂-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization in the myoblast cells. In the animal study, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg bw LI80020F4 doses significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) increased the animals' forelimb grip strength. Mid- and high-dose groups showed increased swimming time, increased muscle weight, CSA, muscle growth-related, and mitochondrial protein expressions in the GA muscles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LI80020F4 increases nitric oxide production in the endothelial cells, mitochondrial biogenesis and function, upregulates skeletal muscle growth-related protein expressions and reduces oxidative stress; together, it explains the basis of the ergogenic potential of LI80020F4.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"67 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71422013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal methyl donor supplementation regulates the effects of cafeteria diet on behavioral changes and nutritional status in male offspring.","authors":"Katya Herrera,&nbsp;Roger Maldonado-Ruiz,&nbsp;Alberto Camacho-Morales,&nbsp;Ana Laura de la Garza,&nbsp;Heriberto Castro","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9828","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutritional status and maternal feeding during the perinatal and postnatal periods can program the offspring to develop long-term health alterations. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between maternal obesity and intellectual disability/cognitive deficits like autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring. Experimental findings have consistently been indicating that maternal supplementation with methyl donors, attenuated the social alterations and repetitive behavior in offspring.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyze the effect of maternal cafeteria diet and methyl donor-supplemented diets on social, anxiety-like, and repetitive behavior in male offspring, besides evaluating weight gain and food intake in both dams and male offspring.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>C57BL/6 female mice were randomized into four dietary formulas: control Chow (CT), cafeteria (CAF), control + methyl donor (CT+M), and cafeteria + methyl donor (CAF+M) during the pre-gestational, gestational, and lactation period. Behavioral phenotyping in the offspring was performed by 2-month-old using Three-Chamber Test, Open Field Test, and Marble Burying Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that offspring prenatally exposed to CAF diet displayed less social interaction index when compared with subjects exposed to Chow diet (CT group). Notably, offspring exposed to CAF+M diet recovered social interaction when compared to the CAF group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that maternal CAF diet is efficient in promoting reduced social interaction in murine models. In our study, we hypothesized that a maternal methyl donor supplementation could improve the behavioral alterations expected in maternal CAF diet offspring.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CAF diet also contributed to a social deficit and anxiety-like behavior in the offspring. On the other hand, a maternal methyl donor-supplemented CAF diet normalized the social interaction in the offspring although it led to an increase in anxiety-like behaviors. These findings suggest that a methyl donor supplementation could protect against aberrant social behavior probably targeting key genes related to neurotransmitter pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"67 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71422020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the risk factors of duodenogastric reflux in relation to different dietary habits in a Chinese population of the Zhangjiakou area.","authors":"Zhao Peng,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;Na Wu,&nbsp;Huiru Gao,&nbsp;Huibin Gao,&nbsp;Duo Li","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9385","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the risk factors of duodenogastric reflux (DGR) in relation to different dietary habits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 106 patients with symptoms of DGR who underwent electronic gastroscopy from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected and divided into the DGR group (<i>n</i> = 33) and the non-DGR group (<i>n</i> = 73) according to the diagnosis of bile reflux. Questionnaires were used to collect the basic information and dietary habits of the patients, including age, gender, body mass index, place of residence, comorbidities, dietary composition, salt intake, smoking and drinking consumption. The total bile acid (TBA) and cholesterol (CHO) of the gastric juice were measured using a fully automated biochemical analyser, with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used for the serum cholecystokinin, gastrin and gastrin levels. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to predict the attendant DGR risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in age or gender between the DGR and the non-DGR groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The proportion of patients living in the Bashang region was significantly higher in the DGR group (78.79%) than in the non-DGR group (38.36%) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The levels of TBA and CHO in the gastric juice and the cholecystokinin and gastrin levels in the serum of the DGR group were higher than those in the non-DGR group, while the serum motilin levels were significantly lower in the DGR group than in the non-DGR group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The univariate analysis indicated that the proportion of patients with daily consumption of dairy products and fried foods, a high salt intake and smoking and drinking consumption were significantly higher in the DGR than in the non-DGR group (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The daily consumption of dairy products and a preference for fried food are independent risk factors for the occurrence of DGR (odds ratio ≥ 1, <i>P</i> < 0.05).</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"67 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71422019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin K - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.","authors":"Arja T Lyytinen,&nbsp;Allan Linneberg","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.10260","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v67.10260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin K occurs in dietary supply in two major forms: phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinones (collectively referred as vitamin K2). Phylloquinone is derived from plants. There are at least 10 forms of menaquinones varying in chain length and they are produced by bacteria except menaquinone-4. Menaquinone-4 is formed from phylloquinone or other menaquinone forms. Phylloquinone is considered to be the major contributor and menaquinones are thought to contribute less to vitamin K intake in Western diets. However, less is known about the content of menaquinones than phylloquinones in foods. Vitamin K is known to function as an enzymatic cofactor in the gamma-carboxylation of vitamin K dependent proteins (VKDPs). Hepatic VKDPs are involved in coagulation. Extrahepatic VKDPs have a role e.g. in bone health and vascular calcification. However, the amount of vitamin K needed for optimal functioning of the different VKDPs is not known.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"67 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71422022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary fiber - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.","authors":"Harald Carlsen,&nbsp;Anne-Maria Pajari","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9979","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary fiber is a term crudely defined as carbohydrates (CHOs) that escape digestion and uptake in the small intestine. Lignin, which is not a CHO, is also a part of the dietary fiber definition. Dietary fibers come in different sizes and forms, with a variety of combinations of monomeric units. Health authorities worldwide have for many years recommended a diet rich in dietary fibers based on consistent findings that dietary fibers are associated with reduced incidences of major non-communicable diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and colorectal cancer. Most fibers come from common edible foods from the plant kingdom, but fibers are also found in food additives, supplements, and breast milk. The recommended intake in Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012 (NNR2012) is 25 g/d for women and 35 g/d for men, whereas the actual intake is significantly lower, ranging from 16 g/d to 22 g/d in women and 18 g/d to 26 g/d in men. New studies since NNR2012 confirm the current view that dietary fiber is beneficial for health, advocating intakes of at least 25 g/day.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"67 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71432193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}