Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Objective and Subjective Voice Characteristics in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Control Group.","authors":"Mahin Samadinia, Mehrnoosh Zakerkish, Ehsan Naderifar, Maryam Dastoorpoor, Mahshid Rashidi, Majid Soltani, Negin Moradi","doi":"10.1159/000545443","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purposes of this study were to multidimensionally assess the voice in patients with type 2 diabetes using perceptual and acoustic measurements, laryngeal imaging, and patient self-assessment and compare it with the healthy control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, and a healthy group matched according to age and gender was recruited. The subjects underwent acoustic analysis using the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) and perceptual evaluation using the Persian version of the Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (ATSHA). Voice-related quality of life was assessed using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both patient and control groups, 28 male and 32 female participants, with a mean age range of 47.35 ± 9.49 and 44.18 ± 9.39 years old, were included. The patient group had a higher mean for ATSHA parameters compared to the control group, and the difference between these two groups was significant (p < 0.05). The VHI scores for the patient group were significantly higher than those for the control group. The mean of DSI scores was lower in the patient group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation among the DSI, FBS, and HbA1C variables (p = 0.007, r = -0.346, and p = 0.008, r = -0.337).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results confirm the presence of voice disorder symptoms in the patient group and their effects on their quality of life compared to the healthy group. These symptoms may result from changes in respiratory and muscle function, as well as changes in the phonetic mechanism of diabetes patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"575-582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of People with Aphasia Receiving Enhanced Community-Based Speech-Language Pathology Provided by Speech-Language Pathology Students.","authors":"Nicola Gibbons, Kate J Cook, Dean Sutherland, Gina Tillard","doi":"10.1159/000538988","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Treatment intensity for people with aphasia (PWA) is a significant factor in enhancing recovery. Personal factors such as fatigue, physical endurance, and motivation as well as clinician availability have been described as barriers to increased intensity. The use of student therapists has been shown to assist with addressing service gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of PWA who received enhanced community-based treatment delivered by speech-language pathology (SLP) students. Enhanced community-based treatment was defined as three or more treatment sessions per week targeting communication. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 PWA living in New Zealand. Interview data were analysed with reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two themes and six sub-themes were developed. Theme 1 related to intensity and included more treatment is better than less (sub-theme 1), there's a \"right time\" for more intensive treatment (sub-theme 2), the hard work is worth the effort (sub-theme 3). Theme 2 related to working with SLP students; it didn't feel like they were students (sub-theme 4), we just got on so well (sub-theme 5), and they listened to what I wanted (sub-theme 6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings confirm that PWA value access to more intensive treatment and desire involvement in decisions about flexible treatment schedules. PWA have positive experiences when treatment is provided by SLP students. Implications for clinical practice and future research directions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Traditional Acoustic Measures and Cepstral Analysis of Voice.","authors":"Saeed Saeedi, Mahshid Aghajanzadeh, Seyyedeh Maryam Khoddami, Payman Dabirmoghaddam, Shohreh Jalaie, Samira Aghadoost","doi":"10.1159/000542063","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, the correlations between traditional acoustic measures (TAMs) and cepstral analysis (CA) were explored in Persian.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This investigation was a cross-sectional study including 179 dysphonic (n = 141) and normophonic (n = 38) speakers. The TAMs (jitter, shimmer, and noise-to-harmonic ratio) and CA (cepstral peak prominence and cepstral peak prominence smoothed) values were obtained during vowel prolongation, reading a standard sentence, and a nonstandard running speech sample using Praat software. The difference of acoustic measures between normophonic and dysphonic speakers and intercorrelation among acoustic measures and correlation between the acoustic measures and perceived dysphonia levels were analyzed with independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall's Tau-b correlation tests using IBM SPSS Statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings showed that dysphonic speakers had higher TAM values and lower CA values than normophonic speakers (p < 0.05). In dysphonic speakers, a large correlation was discovered among all acoustic measurements (r = 0.52-0.96; p < 0.05), while in various perceived dysphonic speakers, there was a correlation of varying strength (r = 0.25-0.97; p < 0.05). Ultimately, there was a significant small-to-large correlation between the acoustic measures and perceived dysphonia levels (r = 0.34-0.58; p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research demonstrated that Persian speakers with dysphonia experienced a rise in TAM and a corresponding reduction in CA. In the future, multi-parametric indices can be developed using both TAM and CA to include various aspects of vocal production and yield a single, comprehensive value.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"256-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Carnatic Vocal Training on Voice Measures in Males.","authors":"Athickal Sreeparvathi, Shekharaiah Sheela, Venkataraja Udupi Aithal","doi":"10.1159/000541215","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Training is an integral part of learning any skill. The vocal training helps singers attain proficiency as they are the most demanding vocal group of all professional voice users. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of training on the singer's voice. The current study objective was to investigate the influence of vocal training on voice measures (acoustic and aerodynamic) between male Carnatic singers with lower (6 months-5 years) and higher (6-10 years) training using novel task \"mkaram\" along with lyrical task.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Group 1 consisted of 30 trained male Carnatic singers with lower vocal training, and group 2, thirty trained male singers with higher training in the age of 18-45 years. The acoustic (frequency-related parameter, cepstral, spectral, perturbation, and noise) and aerodynamic measures (maximum phonation time and s/z ratio) of voice were obtained. The test-retest reliability was conducted on a sample of 10% of the population from each group, with a 2-week interval between the tests. Cross-sectional study design was applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The statistical analysis revealed significantly decreased frequency-related parameters (semitones) such as the mean fundamental frequency, lowest fundamental frequency, highest fundamental frequency at the low register and the highest fundamental frequency at the middle register in group 2 during \"mkaram\" task (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, one of the spectral-related measures 1st harmonic-2nd harmonic (dB) during lyrical task and one of the noise-related measure harmonic-to-noise ratio (dB) at the middle register during \"mkaram\" task showed a significant decrease in group 2 compared to group 1 (p ≤ 0.05). Test-retest reliability revealed that most of the parameters had \"acceptable to excellent\" internal consistency (Cronbach's α >0.7 to 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Few frequency and noise measures during \"mkaram\" task and a spectral measure during lyrical task showed to be sensitive in distinguishing the impact of vocal training on the voices of male Carnatic singers. The higher vocal training was found to help the singers to perform more efficiently with enhanced vocal range particularly in the low register and to some extent in the middle register. Indeed, the study highlighted the positive effects of vocal training on male Carnatic singers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"193-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlating Degree of Thyroid Tilt Independent of <italic>f</italic>_{<italic>o</italic>} Control as a Mechanism for Phonatory Density with EGG and Acoustic Measures across Loudness Conditions.","authors":"Mathias Aaen, Noor Christoph, Julian McGlashan, Cathrine Sadolin, Mathias Aaen","doi":"10.1159/000542842","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542842","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Traditionally, fundamental frequency increase has been viewed as largely associated with vocal fold length as a consequence of tilting the thyroid cartilage forward and downward, a so-called thyroid tilt, caused by cricothyroid muscle contraction. Recent pilot studies in singers suggest vocal fold elongation independent from f&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt; as related to a pedagogical parameter called \"phonatory density,\" suggesting a further discrete mechanism of the thyroid cartilage tilt related to voice quality. This study endoscopically, EGG, acoustically, and auditory perceptually explores different vocal modes in relation to degree of phonatory density independent of changes in f&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt; across loudness and voice quality conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Case-control with 20 professional singers performing sustained-vowel samples (C4 males, B4 females) for 8 different voice quality conditions with different degrees of auditory-perceptual \"density\" while undergoing endoscopic examination and concurrent EGG and acoustic measurement. Endoscopic vocal tract assessments were blindly rated according to a 33-item systematic assessment tool and a forced consensus paradigm. MANOVA, Spearman's rho, and factor density were calculated at p ≤ 0.05. Auditory-perceptual assessments of 64 samples of the 8 voicing conditions were performed by 33 professional singing teachers. Fleiss' kappa and percentage agreement were used to calculate assessor accuracy and inter-rater reliability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Forward and downward thyroid tilt was related to the perceptual category of \"reduced density (RD)\" as the only statistically significant endoscopic assessment variable: \"fuller density\" conditions exhibited little to no forward visible articulation of the thyroid cartilage, whereas RD conditions exhibited visible to marked forward articulation of the thyroid cartilage across tested conditions suggesting vocal fold elongation for RD conditions while maintaining an unchanged f&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt; with high ICC for the assessors (r = 0.70 and r = 0.94 for male/female datasets, respectively). Correlation analyses revealed negative correlations for SPL, shimmer, and CPP measures for RD conditions, while Qx did not vary with statistical significance. Panel assessors accurately assessed the 8 tested conditions with 87% accuracy and good inter-rater reliability agreement (k: 0.772, p &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Phonatory density, as an auditory-perceptual denotation of vocal weight, is controlled by the degree of thyroid cartilage tilt. The study documents systematic variations in vocal fold lengths across several conditions of loudness while f&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt; is maintained. The findings suggest a further mechanism of the thyroid cartilage related to voice quality beyond the control of f&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;. Further studies are needed to document pitch production mechanisms compensating for the maintenance of f&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt; given","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"319-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic Vowel Fundamental Frequency in Children with and without Hearing Impairment.","authors":"Jérémy Genette, Steven Gillis, Jo Verhoeven, Jérémy Genette","doi":"10.1159/000543426","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is well established that high vowels tend to have a higher F0 than low vowels, a phenomenon known as intrinsic vowel F0 (IF0). However, the underlying cause of IF0 remains debated. Previous research suggests that IF0 is entirely of physiological origin, while other research indicates that it is acquired to enhance perceptual contrasts between vowels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explored the impact of hearing loss on IF0 in six-year-old children, both with and without hearing impairment. The Belgian Dutch vowels produced by the children in both groups during a (non-)word repetition task were acoustically analysed for F0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main result was that all children presented IF0. Although IF0 was not significantly different between children with and without hearing impairment, there was a trend towards a smaller IF0 in the hearing-impaired group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, while the results of this study support the physiological hypothesis, they also suggest a potential role for perceptual factors in shaping IF0. The results were interpreted in relation to the combined potential effects of speech organ physiology and perception on IF0.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"347-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Validation of a Hearing Screening Questionnaire for Preschoolers Based on Language Development Evaluation by Caregivers.","authors":"Lorena Gabrielle Ribeiro Bicalho de Castro, Sirley Alves da Silva Carvalho, Ana Cristina Côrtes Gama, Denise Utsch Gonçalves, Luciana Macedo de Resende, Fabrice Giraudet, Amelia Augusta de Lima Friche, Erika Parlato-Oliveira, Paul Avan","doi":"10.1159/000538989","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to validate three age-adjusted versions of a Hearing Screening Questionnaire for Preschoolers, in Brazilian Portuguese, based on parents' perception of their children's hearing and oral language.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychometric validation was conducted on three questionnaires, each comprising nine items with yes/no responses. Three items focused on hearing screening at birth, and six assessed hearing and oral language. The study included 152 parents and their children, who attended daycare centers in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The children were categorized into three age bands: 12-18 months, 19-35 months, and 36-48 months. Audiological assessments, including tympanometry, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and pure-tone audiometry (when applicable), were performed on the children. In case of abnormal findings in the previous exams, auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing was conducted. Descriptive data, false alarm, and false-negative analyses were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Considering any type of hearing loss, whether unilateral or bilateral, the questionnaires showed a false-negative rate of 41.17% (7/17 children). However, when considering only bilateral hearing loss, the questionnaire showed a false alarm rate of 31.69% (45/142) and a false-negative rate of 30.0% (3/10). When focusing exclusively on sensorineural hearing loss, the questionnaire identified two children (1.31%), with a false-negative rate of 0% but a false-positive rate of 33.33%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Language-development-oriented questionnaires allowed quick screening of potential hearing loss in preschoolers. This study found a robust hit rate with these questionnaires. Their validation signifies a promising and cost-effective tool for conducting hearing screenings in preschool children, especially in nations lacking a comprehensive school screening policy. The validated questionnaire affords an easy-to-apply, low-cost, and effective instrument for preschool hearing screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Investigation of Context-Aware Augmentative and Alternative Communication with Automated Just-in-Time Cloze Phrase Response Options for Social Participation from Children on the Autism Spectrum.","authors":"Christine Holyfield, Tara O'Neill Zimmerman, Stephen MacNeil, Nicolette Sammarco Caldwell, Parth Patel, Brenna Griffen, Elizabeth Lorah, Eduard Dragut, Slobodan Vucetic","doi":"10.1159/000542304","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Social participation for emerging symbolic communicators on the autism spectrum is often restricted. This is due in part to the time and effort required for both children and partners to use traditional augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technologies during fast-paced social routines. Innovations in artificial intelligence provide the potential for context-aware AAC technology that can provide just-in-time communication options based on linguistic input from partners to minimize the time and effort needed to use AAC technologies for social participation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This preliminary study used an alternating treatment design to compare the effects of a context-aware AAC prototype with automated cloze phrase response options to traditional AAC for supporting three young children who were emerging symbolic communicators on the autism spectrum in participating within a social routine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visual analysis and effect size estimates suggest the context-aware AAC condition resulted in increases in linguistic participation, vocal approximations, and visual attention for all three children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While this study was only an initial exploration and results are preliminary, context-aware AAC technologies have the potential to enhance participation and communication outcomes for young emerging symbolic communicators on the autism spectrum and more research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"269-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple-Community-Based Epidemiological Study of Stuttering among 3-Year-Old Children in Japan.","authors":"Naomi Sakai, Shoko Miyamoto, Yuki Hara, Yoshikazu Kikuchi, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Takaaki Takeyama, Jiro Udaka, Daisuke Sudo, Koichi Mori","doi":"10.1159/000539172","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539172","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Many epidemiological studies of the disorder of stuttering have been conducted during the 20th century, continuing during the current one. Unfortunately, only a few were carried out in Japan. This study aimed at assessing (1) the incidence and prevalence of stuttering in 3-year-old children in multiple Japanese communities and (2) factors associated with the onset of stuttering among these children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A questionnaire aimed at screening for the presence of stuttering was employed for 2,055 children aged 3 years, who underwent a standard nationwide health checkup. Positive responses were confirmed in several ways: (1) direct interviews and assessment of the child's speech, (2) confirmatory questionnaire, or (3) telephone interviews by licensed Speech Language Hearing Therapists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Approximately 6.5% of the children were found to exhibit stuttering at the time of their health checkup. This figure rose to 8.9% after including individuals who previously, but not currently, were reported to have exhibited stuttering. Among the putative risk factors, higher stuttering odds (odds ratio, OR = 3.27) were detected in those with a family history of stuttering, those whose guardians had concerns about their child's development (OR = 1.75), and those with diagnosed diseases or disabilities (OR = 2.13).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion/conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;It was concluded that, in Japan, both the risk of stuttering incidence (8.9%) in children up to, and including, the age of 3 years, as well as its prevalence (6.5%) in this population, was similar to those reported by recent studies in other countries. Additionally, our findings also confirmed that an increased risk for stuttering at age 3 is associated with a family history of stuttering.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Many epidemiological studies of the disorder of stuttering have been conducted during the 20th century, continuing during the current one. Unfortunately, only a few were carried out in Japan. This study aimed at assessing (1) the incidence and prevalence of stuttering in 3-year-old children in multiple Japanese communities and (2) factors associated with the onset of stuttering among these children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A questionnaire aimed at screening for the presence of stuttering was employed for 2,055 children aged 3 years, who underwent a standard nationwide health checkup. Positive responses were confirmed in several ways: (1) direct interviews and assessment of the child's speech, (2) confirmatory questionnaire, or (3) telephone interviews by licensed Speech Language Hearing Therapists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Approximately 6.5% of the children were found to exhibit stuttering at the time of their health checkup. This figure rose to 8.9% after including individuals who previously, but not currently, were reported to have exhibited stuttering. Among the putative risk factors,","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"44-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11812586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effortful Swallow Maneuver and Modifications on Swallow Dynamics in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Ali Barikroo","doi":"10.1159/000539171","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Effortful swallow (ES) is a widely used technique in dysphagia management, believed to strengthen oropharyngeal muscles and enhance swallowing safety and efficiency. Although its impact on the oral phase of swallowing is well documented, its effects on pharyngeal swallowing physiology remain inconsistent. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of ES on swallowing kinematics and timing, addressing existing inconsistencies in the literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 22 healthy adults using archived videofluoroscopic swallowing studies. Participants performed three swallow trials of 10 mL puree under regular conditions and with the ES maneuver. The outcome measures comprised swallow timing and kinematic measures. Swallow timing parameters included time to maximum hyoid and laryngeal excursion, laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) reaction and duration, pharyngeal constriction duration, pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) opening duration, and swallow duration. Swallow kinematic parameters encompassed hyoid and laryngeal excursions, pharyngeal constriction ratio, and maximum PES width. All variables were analyzed via videofluoroscopy. Paired t tests were used to examine the effect of ES on each outcome measure, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.004.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ES maneuver significantly increased the duration of LVC, pharyngeal constriction, PES opening, and overall swallow duration. It also improved the pharyngeal constriction ratio. However, there were no significant changes in hyoid and laryngeal excursions. Submental muscle activity showed a notable increase during ES.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates that ES can effectively modify certain temporal and kinematic aspects of swallowing, particularly by prolonging key phases and enhancing pharyngeal constriction. These findings suggest the potential utility of ES in dysphagia rehabilitation, especially in cases that require prolonged pharyngeal constriction, LVC, and PES opening. However, the limited impact on hyoid and laryngeal excursions along with LVC reaction time indicates that ES may not address all aspects of dysphagia. The findings highlight the need for tailored therapeutic approaches in dysphagia management, considering individual physiological impairment profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}