Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica最新文献

{"title":"Referral Patterns to Speech and Language Therapy in the UK before, during, and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Dysphagia Compared with Communication Disorders.","authors":"Yuki Yoshimatsu, Pamela Mary Enderby, Dharinee Hansjee, David G Smithard","doi":"10.1159/000539436","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acquired swallowing impairment is a major public health issue that often leads to increased morbidity and slower recovery. Speech and language therapists (SLTs) have taken the lead in the assessment and treatment of dysphagia, which is reflected in guidelines where early intervention is recommended. This is in addition to the central role that SLTs play in the management of acquired communication impairments since research indicates that patients with communication difficulties benefit from early and intensive therapy by SLTs. This increasing demand for SLTs is expected to cause conflicting pressures in their workload and, therefore, beneficial to consider workforce planning. The aim of this study was to examine real-world data in the UK to investigate this issue regarding changes in referral patterns of patients with dysphagia and/or communication disorders to SLTs over time, to assist with workforce planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We interrogated the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists Online Outcome Tool, a national database, in this retrospective cohort study. We included patients evaluated between 2018 and 2022. We performed a subgroup analysis of patients aged ≥40 years who had a primary medical diagnosis of stroke. Data on age, primary diagnosis, time on caseload, primary Therapeutic Outcome Measure (TOM) scale and initial TOM score on impairment were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the database of 44,444 referrals to speech and language therapy, 5,254 referrals were included in the stroke and overall subgroup analyses. Referrals were 55.1% male, with a median age of 71 years. More than half (56.1%) of these referrals were for dysphagia. Referrals decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic but began to recover from 2021 onwards. The time on the SLT caseload has increased over the years from a median of 14 days (interquartile range [IQR] 0-56) in 2018 to 20 days (IQR: 3-81) in 2022. While there were more referrals to SLT services for assessment and management of dysphagia than for communication in the overall population, in the stroke subgroup, referrals for communication disorders outnumbered referrals for dysphagia from 2020 onwards. Additionally, the severity of impairment on referral increased over the years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Real-world data indicates that referrals to SLT services are changing over time to include more complex and severely impaired patients, with a demand for both swallowing and communication disorders. These findings should inform staff allocation and remodelling of education/training for SLTs to better meet clinical and public health needs. The retrospective nature of this study limits the strength and generalisability of these data, and this topic warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141075858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple-Community-Based Epidemiological Study of Stuttering among 3-Year-Old Children in Japan.","authors":"Naomi Sakai, Shoko Miyamoto, Yuki Hara, Yoshikazu Kikuchi, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Takaaki Takeyama, Jiro Udaka, Daisuke Sudo, Koichi Mori","doi":"10.1159/000539172","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Many epidemiological studies of the disorder of stuttering have been conducted during the 20th century, continuing during the current one. Unfortunately, only a few were carried out in Japan. This study aimed at assessing (1) the incidence and prevalence of stuttering in 3-year-old children in multiple Japanese communities and (2) factors associated with the onset of stuttering among these children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire aimed at screening for the presence of stuttering was employed for 2,055 children aged 3 years, who underwent a standard nationwide health checkup. Positive responses were confirmed in several ways: (1) direct interviews and assessment of the child's speech, (2) confirmatory questionnaire, or (3) telephone interviews by licensed Speech Language Hearing Therapists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 6.5% of the children were found to exhibit stuttering at the time of their health checkup. This figure rose to 8.9% after including individuals who previously, but not currently, were reported to have exhibited stuttering. Among the putative risk factors, higher stuttering odds (odds ratio, OR = 3.27) were detected in those with a family history of stuttering, those whose guardians had concerns about their child's development (OR = 1.75), and those with diagnosed diseases or disabilities (OR = 2.13).</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusions: </strong>It was concluded that, in Japan, both the risk of stuttering incidence (8.9%) in children up to, and including, the age of 3 years, as well as its prevalence (6.5%) in this population, was similar to those reported by recent studies in other countries. Additionally, our findings also confirmed that an increased risk for stuttering at age 3 is associated with a family history of stuttering.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effortful Swallow Maneuver and Modifications on Swallow Dynamics in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Ali Barikroo","doi":"10.1159/000539171","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Effortful swallow (ES) is a widely used technique in dysphagia management, believed to strengthen oropharyngeal muscles and enhance swallowing safety and efficiency. Although its impact on the oral phase of swallowing is well documented, its effects on pharyngeal swallowing physiology remain inconsistent. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of ES on swallowing kinematics and timing, addressing existing inconsistencies in the literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 22 healthy adults using archived videofluoroscopic swallowing studies. Participants performed three swallow trials of 10 mL puree under regular conditions and with the ES maneuver. The outcome measures comprised swallow timing and kinematic measures. Swallow timing parameters included time to maximum hyoid and laryngeal excursion, laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) reaction and duration, pharyngeal constriction duration, pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) opening duration, and swallow duration. Swallow kinematic parameters encompassed hyoid and laryngeal excursions, pharyngeal constriction ratio, and maximum PES width. All variables were analyzed via videofluoroscopy. Paired t tests were used to examine the effect of ES on each outcome measure, with a significance threshold set at p &lt; 0.004.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ES maneuver significantly increased the duration of LVC, pharyngeal constriction, PES opening, and overall swallow duration. It also improved the pharyngeal constriction ratio. However, there were no significant changes in hyoid and laryngeal excursions. Submental muscle activity showed a notable increase during ES.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates that ES can effectively modify certain temporal and kinematic aspects of swallowing, particularly by prolonging key phases and enhancing pharyngeal constriction. These findings suggest the potential utility of ES in dysphagia rehabilitation, especially in cases that require prolonged pharyngeal constriction, LVC, and PES opening. However, the limited impact on hyoid and laryngeal excursions along with LVC reaction time indicates that ES may not address all aspects of dysphagia. The findings highlight the need for tailored therapeutic approaches in dysphagia management, considering individual physiological impairment profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Persian Version of the Palin Parent Rating Scales.","authors":"Ebrahim Barzegar Bafrooei, Akbar Darouie, Saman Maroufizadeh, Morteza Farazi","doi":"10.1159/000539119","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Palin Parent Rating Scale (Palin PRS) is a structured questionnaire filled out by parents of children who stutter. It is designed to assess the effects of stuttering on both the children and their parents. The goal of this study was to translate the Palin PRS into Persian and to evaluate its validity and reliability for application in preschool children who stutter.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research was conducted from August 2021 to December 2022, involving 139 parents of children who stutter. The parents completed the Palin PRS and provided their demographic data. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the floor and ceiling effects on all subscales of the Palin PRS. The internal consistency of the scale was assessed using Cronbach's alpha method, while the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine its test-retest reliability. An exploratory factor analysis was also performed to clarify the factor structure of the scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exploratory factor analysis results were highly consistent with the factor structure found in the original version. No floor or ceiling effects were observed for the factors of the Palin PRS. The three factors of the Persian version of the Palin PRS (P-Palin PRS) showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha &gt;0.8) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC &gt;0.9). Additionally, normative scores were derived by converting raw scores into Stanine scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The P-Palin PRS showed strong reliability, thereby establishing it as a suitable instrument for evaluating how parents perceive the effects of stuttering on their children and themselves. Further research may explore its application in diverse clinical settings and populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of People with Aphasia Receiving Enhanced Community-Based Speech-Language Pathology Provided by Speech-Language Pathology Students.","authors":"Nicola Gibbons, Kate J Cook, Dean Sutherland, Gina Tillard","doi":"10.1159/000538988","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Treatment intensity for people with aphasia (PWA) is a significant factor in enhancing recovery. Personal factors such as fatigue, physical endurance, and motivation as well as clinician availability have been described as barriers to increased intensity. The use of student therapists has been shown to assist with addressing service gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of PWA who received enhanced community-based treatment delivered by speech-language pathology (SLP) students. Enhanced community-based treatment was defined as three or more treatment sessions per week targeting communication. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 PWA living in New Zealand. Interview data were analysed with reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two themes and six sub-themes were developed. Theme 1 related to intensity and included more treatment is better than less (sub-theme 1), there's a \"right time\" for more intensive treatment (sub-theme 2), the hard work is worth the effort (sub-theme 3). Theme 2 related to working with SLP students; it didn't feel like they were students (sub-theme 4), we just got on so well (sub-theme 5), and they listened to what I wanted (sub-theme 6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings confirm that PWA value access to more intensive treatment and desire involvement in decisions about flexible treatment schedules. PWA have positive experiences when treatment is provided by SLP students. Implications for clinical practice and future research directions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Validation of a Hearing Screening Questionnaire for Preschoolers Based on Language Development Evaluation by Caregivers.","authors":"Lorena Gabrielle Ribeiro Bicalho de Castro, Sirley Alves da Silva Carvalho, Ana Cristina Côrtes Gama, Denise Utsch Gonçalves, Luciana Macedo de Resende, Fabrice Giraudet, Amelia Augusta de Lima Friche, Erika Parlato-Oliveira, Paul Avan","doi":"10.1159/000538989","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to validate three age-adjusted versions of a Hearing Screening Questionnaire for Preschoolers, in Brazilian Portuguese, based on parents' perception of their children's hearing and oral language.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychometric validation was conducted on three questionnaires, each comprising nine items with yes/no responses. Three items focused on hearing screening at birth, and six assessed hearing and oral language. The study included 152 parents and their children, who attended daycare centers in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The children were categorized into three age bands: 12-18 months, 19-35 months, and 36-48 months. Audiological assessments, including tympanometry, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and pure-tone audiometry (when applicable), were performed on the children. In case of abnormal findings in the previous exams, auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing was conducted. Descriptive data, false alarm, and false-negative analyses were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Considering any type of hearing loss, whether unilateral or bilateral, the questionnaires showed a false-negative rate of 41.17% (7/17 children). However, when considering only bilateral hearing loss, the questionnaire showed a false alarm rate of 31.69% (45/142) and a false-negative rate of 30.0% (3/10). When focusing exclusively on sensorineural hearing loss, the questionnaire identified two children (1.31%), with a false-negative rate of 0% but a false-positive rate of 33.33%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Language-development-oriented questionnaires allowed quick screening of potential hearing loss in preschoolers. This study found a robust hit rate with these questionnaires. Their validation signifies a promising and cost-effective tool for conducting hearing screenings in preschool children, especially in nations lacking a comprehensive school screening policy. The validated questionnaire affords an easy-to-apply, low-cost, and effective instrument for preschool hearing screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the Validity of Using VASES to Derive DIGEST-FEES Grades.","authors":"James A Curtis, Lauren Tabor Gray, Loni Arrese, James C Borders, Heather Starmer","doi":"10.1159/000538935","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Visual Analysis of Swallowing Efficiency and Safety (VASES) and Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity for Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (DIGEST-FEES) are two complimentary methods for assessing swallowing during FEES. Whereas VASES is intended to facilitate trial-level ratings of pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration, DIGEST-FEES is intended to facilitate protocol-level impairment grades of swallowing safety and efficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of using VASES to derive DIGEST-FEES impairment grades.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DIGEST-FEES grades were blindly analyzed from 50 FEES - first using the original DIGEST-FEES grading method (n = 50) and then again using a VASES-derived DIGEST-FEES grading method (n = 50). Weighted Kappa (κw) and absolute agreement (%) were used to assess the relationship between the original DIGEST-FEES grades and VASES-derived DIGEST-FEES grades. Spearman's correlations assessed the relationship between VASES-derived DIGEST-FEES grades with measures of construct validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Substantial agreement (κw = 0.76-0.83) was observed between the original and VASES-derived grading methods, with 60-62% of all DIGEST-FEES grades matching exactly, and 92-100% of DIGEST-FEES grades within one grade of each other. Furthermore, the strength of the relationships between VASES-derived DIGEST-FEES grades and measures of construct validity (r = 0.34-0.78) were similar to the strength of the relationships between original DIGEST-FEES grades and the same measures of construct validity (r = 0.34-0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings from this study demonstrate substantial agreement between original and VASES-derived DIGEST-FEES grades. Using VASES to derive DIGEST-FEES also appears to maintain the same level of construct validity established with the original DIGEST-FEES. Therefore, clinicians and researchers may consider using VASES to increase the transparency and standardization of DIGEST-FEES ratings. Future research should seek to replicate these findings and explore the simultaneous use of VASES and DIGEST-FEES in a greater sampling of raters and across other patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective and Subjective Dysphagia Assessment in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.","authors":"Emel Tahir, Müge Ustaoğlu","doi":"10.1159/000538514","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease that is separated into two types: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Although dysphagia is a well-studied and important topic in head and neck cancers and neurological disorders, research on the relationship between IBD and swallowing problems is not yet elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare swallowing function in the UC and CD using objective and patient-reported evaluation modalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective cross-sectional research with 86 patients (50 UC and 36 CD) treated at the gastroenterology department. The assessment includes flexible fiberoptic endoscopic examination (FEES). The penetration-aspiration scale, the functional oral intake scale (FOIS), the functional outcome swallowing scale (FOSS), the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) test, the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Scale for vallecula (Yale PRSS-vallecula) and pyriform sinus (Yale PRSS-PS) were all used to determine extent of dysphagia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CD group had higher EAT-10 scores than UC group (p = 0.014). In terms of PAS scores, there was no significant difference between the two groups in all three food types (water, yogurt, and crackers) (p &gt; 0.05). There was not a statistically significant variance between the groups in terms of vallecular residue (p &gt; 0.05) according to the Yale PRSS-vallecula. Based on the Yale PRSS-PS, the CD group had significantly more residue than the UC group with yogurt and cracker (p = 0.014 and 0.030, respectively). FOSS and FOIS scores did not vary significantly between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CD impairs subjective and pharyngeal swallowing functions more than UC. It is obvious that swallowing should be assessed in patients with IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140305320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Current Data Sufficient to Infer that Hearing Aids Contribute to Postural Control and Balance in Older Adults? A Systematic Review.","authors":"Limor Lavie, Nawras Tobia, Neta Slav-Zarfati, Shefi Castel, Karen Banai","doi":"10.1159/000534164","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Balance and postural control are related to hearing and hearing loss, but whether they can be improved with hearing aid use in older adults is not clear. We systematically reviewed controlled studies in which balance and hearing were tested in experienced older hearing aid users to determine the potential effects of hearing aid use on balance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review was pre-registered in PROSPERO and performed in accordance with PRISMA. The question, inclusion, and exclusion criteria were defined using the Population, Intervention, Control, Outcomes and Study design (PICOS) framework. Older adults with hearing loss and no experience with hearing aids, or balance tests conducted without hearing aids in hearing aid users served as controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 803 studies were screened, eight of which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Five of the eight studies found a significant correlation between the use of hearing aids and the outcomes of the balance tests. The quality of the studies was limited or moderate. Key Discussion: The role of hearing aids in balance and postural control is unclear because of the quality of the papers and the sparse reporting of hearing status and hearing aids quality of fitting and use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"232-244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11151983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10289766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Disinfectant Solutions during Gargling Reach the Pharynx?","authors":"Fabian Kraus, Tobias Wech, Herbert Köstler, Rudolf Hagen, Agmal Scherzad","doi":"10.1159/000533135","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In times of COVID-19, gargling disinfectant is commonly used. Disinfectant solutions seem to decrease the infection's symptoms. For disinfection, several techniques are reported. So far, there are no data about the regions in the upper airways achieved by gargled fluid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy volunteers without any dysphagia were investigated with a high-sensitivity flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (hsFEES®) during and after gargling colored water. One volunteer repeated the gargling process in fast and real-time MRI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all cases, no color accumulation was detected on the posterior pharyngeal wall, epi- or hypopharynx during gargling. The MRI scans confirmed the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>hsFEES® and fast MRI provide an insight into the gargling pattern. Data show that during gargling, the fluid covers the soft tissue in the oral cavity and the anterior part of the soft palate, but not the posterior pharyngeal wall nor the epi- and hypopharynx.</p>","PeriodicalId":12114,"journal":{"name":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica","volume":" ","pages":"102-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9949094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}