{"title":"Neonatal stimulation of beta-cells reduces the incidence and delays the onset of diabetes in a barrier-protected breeding colony of BB rats.","authors":"A K Hansen, K Josefsen, C Pedersen, K Buschard","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The off-spring in a barrier maintained colony of spontaneously type 1 diabetic BB/Wor/Mol-BB rats was treated with a daily injection of either saline, forskolin, arginine, glucose or both glucose and arginine for the first six days after birth. The incidence was reduced from 88% to 72% by the neonatal stimulation with arginine and glucose in combination, which also delayed the onset time from 76.0 +/- 2.2 days to 88.1 +/- 2.3 days. No such effect was observed after stimulation with either one of the compounds. Neonatal stimulation with forskolin also delayed the onset to 87.9 +/- 3.8 days, however without reducing the incidence. A higher incidence of diabetes was observed in the barrier-protected rats taking part in this study than in an earlier study using BB rats of the same origin, but kept under conventional conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"101 3","pages":"189-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19213533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protective influence of spayed and androgen-treated females on oestrous cycle in food-restricted mice.","authors":"S Pandey, C J Dominic","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet restriction induced disruption of oestrous cycle in regularly cycling female mice. The irregularities in the oestrous cycle in females were directly related to the degree of diet restriction. The presence of spayed and androgen-treated females prevented these irregularities and helped to maintain regular oestrous cycles in underfed females. The ability of androgen-treated females to prevent the irregularities in the oestrous cycle in underfed females was inversely related to the degree of diet restriction. The results suggest that the production of the male-originating pheromone that helps to prevent the underfeeding-induced disruption of oestrous cycles in females is androgen-dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"101 2","pages":"101-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19390453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G Q Zhao, M Bacher, B Friedrichs, W Schmidt, U Rausch, H W Goebel, P Tuohimaa, G Aumüller
{"title":"Functional properties of isolated stroma and epithelium from rat ventral prostate during androgen deprivation and estrogen treatment.","authors":"G Q Zhao, M Bacher, B Friedrichs, W Schmidt, U Rausch, H W Goebel, P Tuohimaa, G Aumüller","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To identify the functional activities of prostatic stroma under different hormonal conditions, isolated stroma and epithelium from rat ventral prostate (RVP, intact or one week castrated or estrogen-treated), were studied in metabolic labeling experiments. Using a semiquantitative stereological procedure, the relative proportion of the epithelial and stromal compartment was determined in situ. In addition, the distribution of the androgen receptor was visualized by in situ hybridization and by immunocytochemistry. In castrated animals protein biosynthesis of the stroma and epithelium exceeded the control value by a factor 7 and 5, respectively. In estrogen-treated animals protein biosynthesis was reduced, reaching only between one tenth and one fifth of the control value. The amount of stroma obtained from these animals was very low. These results were confirmed by stereological findings and indicate a differential regulation of prostatic stroma and epithelium after estrogen challenge and androgen deprivation. Estrogen receptor was induced in epithelium and stroma in estrogenized animals whereas the androgen receptor was reduced in experimental specimens. During estrogenization the biosynthetic activity of both stroma and epithelium is depressed, while estrogen responsivity of the epithelium in terms of estrogen receptor expression is increased. Androgen withdrawal results in active transformation of the gland through increased stromal biosynthetic activity and epithelial regression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"101 2","pages":"69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19390457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stimulatory action of porcine follicular fluid on granulosa cell secretion of cyclic GMP.","authors":"J Kolena, A Danisová, L Matulová, S Scsuková","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effects of FSH, LH and follicular fluid isolated from preovulatory follicles on secretion of progesterone, cAMP a cGMP by cultured immature porcine granulosa cells were investigated. Exposure of granulosa cells to gonadotropins and follicular fluid resulted in increase of progesterone and cGMP formation. Follicular fluid had an inhibitory effect on cAMP synthesis. The findings suggest a possible intermediary role of cGMP for the stimulatory action of follicular fluid in the process of luteinization of granulosa cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"101 4","pages":"262-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19295492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T Ohzeki, H Motozumi, K Hanaki, H Ohtahara, N Ishitani, Y Tanaka, M Nakai, I Nagata, E Tamai, K Shiraki
{"title":"Salt-losing form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency accompanied by hypopituitarism in a boy.","authors":"T Ohzeki, H Motozumi, K Hanaki, H Ohtahara, N Ishitani, Y Tanaka, M Nakai, I Nagata, E Tamai, K Shiraki","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211217","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: A case of extremely rare concurrence of","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"101 2","pages":"119-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19390455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Bacher, U Rausch, H W Goebel, B Polzar, H G Mannherz, G Aumüller
{"title":"Stromal and epithelial cells from rat ventral prostate during androgen deprivation and estrogen treatment--regulation of transcription.","authors":"M Bacher, U Rausch, H W Goebel, B Polzar, H G Mannherz, G Aumüller","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To identify the functional capacities of prostatic tissue, the expression of steroid hormone receptors, growth factors, oncogenes and particular enzymes was studied at the RNA level in isolated stromal and epithelial cells of rat ventral prostate (RVP) under different hormonal conditions (androgen deprivation, estrogen treatment). Slot blot and Northern blot analyses of isolated RNA resulted in characteristic changes: In the control prostate, androgen receptor (AR) mRNA was high in epithelium of intact prostate, but low in stroma. Its level was increased after castration in the epithelium during the initial 24 hours, whereas an only slight increase occurred in stroma after one week castration. The AR signal was not altered by estradiol treatment in epithelium and stroma. Conversely, the estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA, predominant in stroma and very low in epithelium, decreased after castration in stroma and epithelium within 24 hours and was absent one week later. After estrogen treatment the ER signal increased considerably in stroma. mRNA of both basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) were exclusively found in stroma. Both were low in controls and responded in a different way to castration and estrogen treatment within 24 hours. bFGF was increased in estrogen-treatment animals, while TGF-beta was induced by castration. Shortly after castration (2 hours) v-fos expression increased and reached a maximum after 6 hours, but was no more detectable after 12 hours in epithelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"101 2","pages":"78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19390458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S M Corsello, S Della Casa, L Bollanti, V Rufini, C A Rota, F Danza, S Colasanti, C Vellante, L Troncone, A Barbarino
{"title":"Incidentally discovered adrenal masses: a functional and morphological study.","authors":"S M Corsello, S Della Casa, L Bollanti, V Rufini, C A Rota, F Danza, S Colasanti, C Vellante, L Troncone, A Barbarino","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last two years we have examined 17 consecutive patients (11 females and 6 males, 20-66 years old) in whom an unsuspected adrenal mass was discovered by ultrasonography or computed tomography performed for unrelated reasons. Pathological diagnosis was available in 11 cases based on surgical excision in 9 (2 pheochromocytomas of 5 and 12 cm in diameter; 2 ganglioneuromas of 5 and 6 cm; and 5 benign cortical adenomas between 3 and 5 cm), autopsy in 1 (a disseminated malignant pheochromocytoma of 16 cm) and fine-needle biopsy in 1 (a pseudo-adrenal mass of 6 cm, that was a regenerative hepatic nodule). The remaining 6 non histologically diagnosed masses were less than 3 cm in diameter. Endocrine studies showed elevated urinary excretion of catecholamines, vanillylmandelic acid and metanephrines in the pheochromocytomas and borderline high values in ganglioneuromas. A low plasma renin activity was encountered in 2 operated cortical adenomas and 3 non operated incidentalomas. In 2 of the latters aldosterone serum levels were elevated and the final diagnoses respectively were Conn's adenoma and dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism with bilateral nodular hyperplasia. An inappropriate cortisol secretion was documented in a cortical adenoma removed. Radio-cholesterol scintiscan showed unilateral or increased uptake on the side of adrenal mass (concordant uptake) in the 5 benign cortical adenomas removed and in 4 non operated incidentalomas. A decreased uptake on the side of the adrenal mass (discordant uptake) was found in the 2 ganglioneuromas while an indeterminate bilateral uptake was found in the 2 remaining non operated incidentalomas and in the pseudo-adrenal mass.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"101 3","pages":"131-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19213033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactive material (ANP-LI) is released from the adrenal gland by splanchnic nerve stimulation.","authors":"L Duntas, S R Bornstein, W A Scherbaum, J J Holst","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the release of atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactive material (ANP-LI) after splanchnic nerve stimulation of isolated perfused adrenal glands. Electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerves caused a statistically significant increase of ANP-LI (186 +/- 12 pg.min-1; p < 0.05) at 5 min. after stimulation. The integrated ANP-LI release after stimulation was amounted to 354 +/- 6.8% over basal. The regulation of ANP through the sympathoadrenal system may indicate an important role of ANP in adrenal steroidogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"101 6","pages":"371-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19148394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D Müller-Wieland, R Streicher, G Siemeister, W Krone
{"title":"Molecular biology of insulin resistance.","authors":"D Müller-Wieland, R Streicher, G Siemeister, W Krone","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin resistance is an essential feature of a great variety of clinical disorders, like diabetes mellitus, obesity, essential hypertension, and is primarily due to a defect in hormone action at the cellular level. In the past decade application of novel research techniques including recombinant DNA technology have paved the way to understand the mechanisms of insulin action and its alterations at the molecular level. The first step in insulin action is the activation of the insulin receptor. The insulin receptor is a tetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha- and two transmembrane beta-subunits. Binding of insulin to the alpha-subunit causes autophosphorylation of the intracellular beta-subunit region on tyrosine residues thereby activating the receptor. How the hormonal signal is subsequently transduced within the cell is still quiet unclear. The activated insulin receptor appears to couple to cytosolic receptor substrates which can affect different signaling cascades eliciting the pleiotropic hormone response on cell metabolism and growth. Most proteins involved in the signal transduction pathway of insulin are not known yet, but each of them might play a role in the various forms of insulin resistance. Taking the insulin receptor as an exemplary protein involved in insulin action we review molecular mechanisms regulating insulin receptor activity, gene expression, and the role of natural occurring insulin receptor gene mutations in patients with insulin resistant diabetes mellitus. It is outlined how the combination of both clinical medicine and molecular biology not only helps to understand insulin action and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, but also leads to new avenues in the differential diagnosis, therapy, and possibly prevention of this heterogenous but most frequent metabolic and endocrine disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"101 1","pages":"17-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19461264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transcriptional control of pancreatic islet hormones gene expression.","authors":"W Knepel","doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Initiation of transcription requires transcription factors that recognize specific DNA sequences present in promoters and enhancers of the respective genes. Cell-specific expression of the pancreatic islet hormone genes is conferred by a cell-specific combination of transcription factors. The DNA binding sites and cDNAs of some of them have been characterized. An islet-specific enhancer-binding protein of the rat glucagon gene recognizes also cis-acting elements of the rat insulin I and rat somatostatin genes. Thus identical or related factors may be involved in the expression of these pancreatic genes, reflecting that the different islet cell types arise from a common progenitor cell. The characterization of islet-specific transcription factors may lead to regulatory genes whose products specify islet cell phenotypes during development. Basal transcriptional activity of islet hormone genes can be enhanced by metabolic, humoral or nerve signals via various second messenger systems. Cyclic AMP acts through distinct response elements. The islet cells are electrically excitable and known secretagogues increase electrical activity and elevate cytosolic calcium concentration. Depolarization-induced activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels stimulates rat glucagon gene transcription suggesting that calcium is an intracellular signal for pancreatic islet hormone gene transcription.</p>","PeriodicalId":12104,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology","volume":"101 1","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0029-1211206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19461266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}