Experimental Animals最新文献

{"title":"Functional behavioral profiling of multiple Cre-driver rat lines.","authors":"Asahi Haijima, Hirohiko Imai, Natsuki Matsushita, Kohtaro Morita, Kazuto Kobayashi, Saeko Ishida, Ryuya Iida, Tomoji Mashimo, Masahide Asano","doi":"10.1538/expanim.25-0115","DOIUrl":"10.1538/expanim.25-0115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Cre-loxP system has been widely used in neuroscience for spatial and temporal control of gene expression. Although it is considered a powerful genetic tool, increasing evidence suggests that the Cre recombinase itself, without targeting loxP sites, may affect brain function and behavior. In this study, we assessed behavioral phenotypes in several Cre-driver rat lines, each expressing Cre under a different promoter (CAG, Pvalb, TH, Drd2, Tac1, or Thy1) to determine whether Cre expression influences behavioral outcomes. Behavioral testing included open field (for locomotor activity), hot plate (for nociceptive responses), prepulse inhibition (for sensorimotor gating), and contextual and cued fear conditioning (for associative learning). The Drd2-Cre rats exhibited significantly increased locomotor activity and movement speed compared to wild-type controls, suggesting heightened baseline activity. The CAG-Cre rats spent more time in the center area of the open field and showed reduced freezing during fear conditioning, suggesting changes in emotional regulation or learning. In contrast, no significant differences in the nociceptive responses or prepulse inhibition were observed in any of the Cre-driver lines. Following behavioral testing, we conducted structural MRI scans and found no obvious abnormalities in brain morphology across any of the Cre-driver lines, suggesting that the observed behavioral changes may reflect subtle neural alterations. These results suggested that Cre expression can produce promoter-dependent behavioral alterations, particularly in emotion or cognition. Therefore, behavioral validation of Cre-driver lines is recommended in neural circuit studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12102,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Animals","volume":" ","pages":"241-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145959264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to xylene early in life induces memory abnormalities of adult male mice.","authors":"Hirokatsu Saito, Kousuke Suga, Koji Fujihara, Motoh Mutsuga, Satoshi Yokota, Takuya Nishimura, Satoshi Kitajima","doi":"10.1538/expanim.25-0064","DOIUrl":"10.1538/expanim.25-0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xylene, an aromatic hydrocarbon, is widely used as a solvent in industries, such as printing and rubber and leather manufacturing. Despite the significant industrial benefits of xylene, there are increasing concerns about its environmental and health impacts. However, the effects of early exposure to xylene on the central nervous system are poorly understood. Here, using novel and unique approach, we investigated the neurobehavioral effects of xylene using postnatal lactation C57BL/6N male mice (Mus musculus) exposed to 0 (control) or 2 different doses (2 or 20 ppm) of xylene for 7 consecutive days at 22 h/d. The concentrations of xylene used corresponded respectively to 40 and 400 times the indoor air quality standard in Japan. We examined the effects of xylene on the murine central nervous system using a battery of behavioral tests, comprising the open field test, light-dark transition test, and contextual-cued fear conditioning test at 12 weeks of age. We found that mice exposed to xylene (2 and 20 ppm) presented reduced spatial-associative or tone-cued associative memory in the contextual-cued fear conditioning test. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in doublecortin positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in the xylene exposure group compared with the control group. We confirmed that xylene exposure during postnatal lactation affects the formation of the neural circuit base and behavior in adulthood, suggesting that it is detrimental to postnatal brain development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12102,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Animals","volume":" ","pages":"222-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145774140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neu5Ac promotes high-fat diet-induced progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice.","authors":"Dong Huang, Chengyong Yin, Di Wang","doi":"10.1538/expanim.25-0100","DOIUrl":"10.1538/expanim.25-0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder underlying most cardiovascular events sialic acid (SIA), a terminal metabolite of glycolipid catabolism, modulates vascular injury, but its role in endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. To investigate whether N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) accelerates AS development. ApoE^-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce AS. Lesion burden was assessed by Oil Red O staining, plaque morphology by H&E staining, reactive oxygen species and macrophage polarization by flow cytometry, and signaling alterations by Western blotting. Neu5Ac markedly amplified systemic inflammation, enhanced atherosclerotic plaque formation, and disrupted lipid homeostasis. Neu5Ac exacerbates AS through pro-inflammatory, pro-lipid, and chemotactic/angiogenic mechanisms, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":12102,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Animals","volume":" ","pages":"194-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intron polymorphism in Camk2d is associated with ventricular arrhythmias in normal adult Sprague-Dawley rats.","authors":"Rong Luo, Chunyun Zhao, Yi Wang, Yilin He, Chang Liu, Xiaoping Li, Xin Cao","doi":"10.1538/expanim.25-0074","DOIUrl":"10.1538/expanim.25-0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) is a critical regulator of cardiac electrophysiology. However, the role of the four bases deletion polymorphism in Camk2d which codes delta subunit of CAMKII, particularly those involving intron sequences, remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Camk2d c.1044+125_128delGTTT missing polymorphism on cardiac morphology and arrhythmogenesis in normal adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. A total of 85 SD rats were genotyped by Sanger sequencing, revealing a distribution of 25.9% wild-type (WT), 48.2% heterozygous, and 25.9% homozygous variants. Echocardiography, Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy indicated no significant differences in cardiac structure or baseline function among the three groups. In freely moving rats, premature atrial arrhythmias were detected in 2 of 9 WT rats, 1 of 9 heterozygous rats, and 1 of 9 homozygous rats. Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were observed in none of 9 WT or homozygous rats, 3 of 9 heterozygous rats, with one heterozygous rat exhibiting frequent PVCs. Electrical programmed stimulation revealed a higher incidence of inducible atrial fibrillation in homozygous rats compared to WT rats and a higher incidence of inducible ventricular tachycardia in heterozygous rats compared to WT rats. These findings suggest that deletion polymorphism in the intron sequences of Camk2d are unexpectedly common in normal SD rat populations and that such polymorphism predispose to ventricular arrhythmias without overt structural heart disease. Our study highlights the potential arrhythmogenic risk associated with non-coding DNA sequence alterations in Camk2d and underscores the importance of genetic screening in experimental animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":12102,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Animals","volume":" ","pages":"144-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145437669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual specificity protein phosphatase 5, transcriptionally inhibited by SRY-box transcription factor 11, inhibits T helper 2 differentiation in CD4⁺ T cells: a promising therapeutic target for allergic rhinitis.","authors":"Li Jiang, Chunrui Wang, Wei Han, Shijia Xu, Qi Hu","doi":"10.1538/expanim.25-0076","DOIUrl":"10.1538/expanim.25-0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disorder driven primarily by aberrant T helper 2 (Th2) differentiation in CD4⁺ T cells. Although dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) has been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune regulation, its role in AR remains unexplored. In this study, an AR mouse model was established via intraperitoneal sensitization and intranasal challenge with ovalbumin. We observed significant downregulation of DUSP5 expression in the nasal mucosa, particularly within CD4⁺ cells. To elucidate its function, a lentiviral vector overexpressing DUSP5 was constructed and used to transduce naive CD4⁺ T cells isolated from BALB/c mouse spleens. Overexpression of DUSP5 suppressed Th2-specific cytokine production and inhibited Th2 differentiation. Mechanistic investigations using a luciferase reporter assay revealed that Dusp5 is transcriptionally repressed by SRY-box transcription factor 11 (SOX11), a known transcription factor that promotes the progression of AR. Furthermore, DUSP5 overexpression counteracted the pro-Th2 effects mediated by SOX11. These results demonstrate that DUSP5, transcriptionally inhibited by SOX11, attenuates AR-associated inflammation by restraining Th2 differentiation. Our findings identify DUSP5 as a potential therapeutic target for AR.</p>","PeriodicalId":12102,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Animals","volume":" ","pages":"110-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145372191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ring finger protein 10 is atherosclerosis protective and modulates macrophage polarization.","authors":"Ke-Xin Zhao, Shu-Xu Jin, Ming-Hao Li","doi":"10.1538/expanim.25-0088","DOIUrl":"10.1538/expanim.25-0088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophages can develop into pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages when stimulated by distinct internal environment. Dynamic changes of the two kinds of macrophages play key roles in atherosclerosis progression. The study aims to explore the role of ring finger protein 10 (RNF10) in regulating macrophage polarization during atherosclerosis. Mice with macrophage-specific depletion of RNF10 (RNF10^Mac-KO/ApoE^-/-) and control mice (RNF10^fl/fl/ApoE^-/-) mice were fed with high-fat diet to generate atherosclerotic lesion, from which peritoneal macrophages were isolated and transfected with RNF10-overexpressing vector. Murine macrophages, RAW264.7, were transfected with RNF10-overexpressing vector or RNF10 siRNA and stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to induce foam cell formation. The RNF10^Mac-KO/ApoE^-/- mice showed greater atherosclerotic lesions, more resident macrophages, higher expression of iNOS (M1-like macrophage marker), and lower expression of Arginase-1 (M2-like macrophage marker) than the RNF10^fl/fl/ApoE^-/- mice. RNF10 overexpression could reduce expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS (M1 marker genes), increase expressions of IL-10 and Arg-1 (M2 marker genes) in the peritoneal macrophages isolated from RNF10^Mac-KO/ApoE^-/- mice. RNF10 overexpression reduced lipid accumulation in ox-LDL-induced foam cells, whereas RNF10 silencing yielded opposite results. Our data suggest that RNF10 is associated with M1-like macrophage suppression and M2-like increase, indicating RNF10 in macrophages has an anti-atherosclerotic role.</p>","PeriodicalId":12102,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Animals","volume":" ","pages":"214-221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honghe Fujie lotion ameliorates pregnancy-associated vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.","authors":"Ying Wang, Yiqun Jiang, Simao Shi, Yu Wang, Jiyu Yang, Hongying Kuang, Xiaoling Feng","doi":"10.1538/expanim.25-0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.25-0130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vulvovaginal candidiasis, a common infection of the female reproductive tract, poses heightened risks when occurring during pregnancy (pVVC). Although Honghe Fujie lotion (HFL), a traditional Chinese medicine, is clinically used for mycotic vaginitis, its therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms in pVVC remain unclear. In this study, HPLC-MS was used to analyze and identify the compounds in HFL. This study investigated HFL's effects through in vitro and in vivo approaches. A murine model of vaginal C. albicans infection was established to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HFL on pregnancy-associated vulvovaginal candidiasis (pVVC). Vaginal fungal load was quantified by analyzing vaginal lavage fluid, while the impact of HFL on adverse pregnancy outcomes was assessed through placental developmental analysis. Furthermore, the effects of HFL on pVVC-induced vaginitis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were examined using immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot. The results included: (1) High performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis identified 545 chemical constituents in HFL. (2) HFL significantly inhibited Candida albicans (C. albicans) growth and biofilm metabolic activity in vitro; (3) in a murine pVVC model, HFL reduced vaginal fungal load and mitigated adverse pregnancy outcomes, while also restoring trophoblast cell distribution in placental tissues; (4) mechanistically, HFL suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to Caspase-1 activity downregulation and subsequent impairment of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. These findings demonstrate that HFL alleviates pVVC by targeting the NLRP3 signaling pathway, providing a preclinical foundation for its therapeutic application in pregnancy-associated VVC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12102,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Animals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective effect of safflower yellow in mice with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.","authors":"Wachiryah Thong-Asa, Chaloemchai Aunkeaw, Panutda Prongfa","doi":"10.1538/expanim.26-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.26-0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Safflower yellow (SY), a bioactive compound from Carthamus tinctorius L., possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may exert protective effects on vulnerable brain regions during acute global ischemia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of SY against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in mice, focusing on oxidative status, hippocampal neuronal survival, and white matter integrity. Forty male ICR mice were assigned to Sham-veh, IR-veh, IR-SY50, and IR-SY100 groups. Pretreatment with SY or vehicle was performed for 2 weeks before IR induction by 30-minute bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and 24-hour reperfusion. Brain infarct volume, oxidative status, and histological changes in the hippocampus and corpus callosum were evaluated. Significantly increased lipid peroxidation and cerebral infarction, depletion of CAT activity, selective neuronal death in the CA1 region, and loss of corpus callosum white matter integrity were clearly depicted after IR induction. Pretreatment with SY doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly attenuated brain infarct volume, together with upregulated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Histological analysis revealed a dose-dependent therapeutic threshold. Only SY at 100 mg/kg significantly prevented neuronal death in the CA1 region and preserved corpus callosum white matter integrity. Pretreatment with SY exhibits neuroprotective effects against IR primarily by enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses. Crucially, while biochemical improvements are achievable at lower doses, a higher therapeutic dose is required to preserve neuronal and white matter structural integrity in selectively vulnerable brain regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12102,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Animals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147573053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of plant flavonoids and selenium on pancreatic hormones and glucose homeostasis in autoimmune thyroiditis.","authors":"Khasan Kayumov, Lubov Kuchkarova, Dilnoza Romanova, Szczuko Małgorzata, Sevara Berdiyorova, Nurali Ergashev, Iroda Karimova, Umida Yusupova, Gulchehra Djabbarova, Sobitjon Mirzakulov, Anna Bokova, Nurshat Murtazayeva, Manzura Agzamova, Komila Eshbakova, Bakhrom Komilov, Aziz Kobilov","doi":"10.1538/expanim.26-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.26-0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a systemic autoimmune disorder that extends beyond thyroid dysfunction and is associated with disturbances in pancreatic endocrine secretion and glucose metabolism. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of selected plant flavonoids-dihydroquercetin, chrysoeriol, luteolin, resveratrol, kaempferol, and thamiflaside-administered alone or in combination with selenium on pancreatic hormone secretion, glycemic control, and hepatic glycogen content in an experimental rat model of AIT. AIT was induced in male Wistar rats using thyroglobulin and Freund's adjuvant. After confirmation of autoimmune thyroiditis, animals received flavonoid treatment (20 mg/kg body weight), with or without selenium, for 14 days. Serum concentrations of insulin, glucagon, amylin, and somatostatin were determined by immunoassay. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured as an indicator of long-term glycemic control, and hepatic glycogen content was assessed in liver homogenates. AIT induction resulted in marked metabolic dysregulation characterized by reduced insulin and amylin secretion, elevated glucagon levels, impaired somatostatin regulation, increased HbA1c, and depletion of hepatic glycogen stores. Flavonoid treatment produced compound-specific corrective effects. Luteolin and kaempferol, particularly in combination with selenium, showed the strongest efficacy by restoring pancreatic hormone balance, reducing hyperglucagonemia, improving HbA1c levels, and replenishing hepatic glycogen toward physiological ranges. Dihydroquercetin and chrysoeriol exerted moderate protective effects, whereas resveratrol and thamiflaside showed limited efficacy. In conclusion, autoimmune thyroiditis induces significant disturbances in pancreatic endocrine function and hepatic glucose metabolism, while flavonoid-selenium combinations may represent promising strategies for correcting AIT-associated metabolic dysfunctions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12102,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Animals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147573060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post stress sensory contact with a male mouse is associated with altered social behavior in a female vicarious social defeat stress model.","authors":"Yuhei Yajima, Aki Takahashi, Atsushi Toyoda","doi":"10.1538/expanim.25-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.25-0112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression affects females more than males, with responses to antidepressants also exhibiting a distinct difference between sexes. Stress models in rodents have predominantly been developed for males, and their application in females remains challenging. This study investigated how post stress sensory contact with male mice affects the behavioral outcomes of female C57BL/6JJcl (B6) mice subjected to vicarious social defeat stress (VDS). We compared three types of VDS paradigms in female mice: the conventional paradigm and two adapted protocols that eliminated sensory contact with male ICR mice during the post-stress period under either single-housed (SH) or pair-housed (PH) conditions. In the conventional paradigm, female B6 mice did not exhibit a significant increase in social avoidance. In contrast, in the adapted paradigm, social avoidance behavior was observed in the PH group, indicating that post stress sensory contact with male ICR affects the stress susceptibility of female VDS model. Furthermore, the estrous cycle stage did not affect social avoidance behavior in each group. Next, we compared two different housing conditions to examine the appropriate method for eliminating sensory contact in female VDS model. SH mice showed reduced feed intake, increased water consumption, and attenuated body weight gain, regardless of VDS exposure. These findings suggest that post-stress sensory contact with a male mouse may influence social behavior in female mice exposed to VDS. The present study highlights the potential impacts of these experimental variables when interpreting behavioral outcomes in female VDS models.</p>","PeriodicalId":12102,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Animals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147431640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}