Evolution最新文献_第4页

A multivariate comparison of phenotypic and genetic covariance matrices: when P can be used for making evolutionary predictions. 表型和遗传协方差矩阵的多变量比较：何时P可用于进行进化预测。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag172

Thomas G Wildeboer, Alexander MacKenzie, Jacqueline L Sztepanacz

{"title":"A multivariate comparison of phenotypic and genetic covariance matrices: when P can be used for making evolutionary predictions.","authors":"Thomas G Wildeboer, Alexander MacKenzie, Jacqueline L Sztepanacz","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag172","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate predictions of evolutionary response are required to determine whether populations can adapt to rapidly changing environments, or whether they will go extinct. The multivariate breeder's equation enables us to make these predictions using information on the genetic variance and covariance between traits (G) and selection. However, estimating G is a challenge that requires known relatedness among individuals in a population, and large sample sizes. Phenotypic correlations are easier to estimate, and past studies have argued that they can be used as a proxy, known as Cheverud's conjecture. However, multivariate patterns of variation that are important for predicting the rate and direction of evolution are rarely captured in these studies. Here, we use simulated data in which we vary heritability, sample size, pleiotropy, and the alignment of genetic and environmental effects on phenotypes, and determine the similarity of G and P with multivariate matrix comparisons. We find that the extent of pleiotropy and the relationship between genetic and environmental effects are important determinants of the similarity between G and P. While we show that P can provide a better prediction of evolutionary response when sample sizes are small, or under the limited conditions of weak pleiotropy, congruent genetic and environmental effects, and access to accurate heritability estimates, quantitative genetic studies remain crucial for making good evolutionary predictions that cannot be bypassed by using P.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149080184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molas have mighty mitochondria: intensified purifying selection on mtDNA despite presumed "low-energy" lifestyles in ocean sunfishes (family Molidae). 翻车鱼有强大的线粒体：尽管海洋翻车鱼（翻车鱼科）被认为是“低能量”的生活方式，但对mtDNA的净化选择仍在加强。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag178

Justin C Havird

{"title":"Molas have mighty mitochondria: intensified purifying selection on mtDNA despite presumed \"low-energy\" lifestyles in ocean sunfishes (family Molidae).","authors":"Justin C Havird","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag178","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean sunfish (family Molidae) are often perceived as \"low-energy\" drifters composed largely of connective tissue with noticeably missing fins and even cited as \"mistakes\" of natural selection. Because locomotory capacity has been identified as a driver of evolution in animal mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA), ocean sunfish are expected to show signatures of relaxed selection on mtDNA compared to closely related, more energetic species. Contrary to expectations, ocean sunfish showed lower dN/dS ratios (the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates) in all mitochondrial-encoded genes and further analyses strongly suggest this is due to increased purifying selection on mtDNA within Molidae. Population genetic data also support more intense selection on ocean sunfish mtDNA. These results agree with recent studies recharacterizing ocean sunfish as active swimmers with a complex lifestyle including extreme vertical migrations, behavioral thermoregulation, and extreme fecundity. Finally, across 64 diverse fishes, mtDNA evolutionary rates did not correlate with swimming speed. More broadly, this study highlights how predicting selection on mitochondrial genes is not straightforward. Assuming different selective pressures on mtDNA given locomotion or different perceived \"lifestyles\" may be an oversimplification, analogous to regarding an unusual species as an evolutionary \"mistake\".","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive dynamics of discriminate and indiscriminate mating. 歧视和不分青红皂白交配的适应动力学。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-09-26 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag177

Benjamin Allen, Samantha E Rothberg, Brian A Lerch

{"title":"Adaptive dynamics of discriminate and indiscriminate mating.","authors":"Benjamin Allen, Samantha E Rothberg, Brian A Lerch","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag177","url":null,"abstract":"Same-sex sexual behavior (SSB) occurs across many animal taxa. Some instances of SSB likely arise from animals' mating indiscriminately and/or with imperfect assessment of their partner's sex. Selection on indiscriminate mating strategies depends on the costs and benefits of mating and the distinguishability of sexes-which in turn depend on evolvable signals of sex. Other factors like population density (which determines the rate of encountering potential mates) and investment roles (i.e., which sex invests more in reproduction) are likely relevant to the evolution of same-sex and different-sex mating, but there is no consensus as to the direction of these effects. We develop a new model of adaptive coevolution of sexual signaling and discrimination, explicitly incorporating encounter rate, mating costs, and investment roles. Coevolutionary dynamics typically lead to two alternative equilibria: one with no sexual signals and indiscriminate mating; the other with high-quality signaling and exclusively different-sex mating. Low-density conditions favor indiscriminate strategies, due to the steep opportunity costs of missing a possible mate. High density can favor either discriminate or indiscriminate strategies, depending on investment roles. By providing theoretical predictions for the effects of encounter rate and investment roles, our model bridges gaps between theoretical and empirical work on SSB.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149059413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The taste for the beautiful: influence of diet on the evolution of plumage in tanagers. 对美的品味：饮食对经理人羽毛进化的影响。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-09-26 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag161

Carlos David Arcila, Christopher Adolph, Oscar Laverde-R, Allison Shultz, Alejandro Rico-Guevara

{"title":"The taste for the beautiful: influence of diet on the evolution of plumage in tanagers.","authors":"Carlos David Arcila, Christopher Adolph, Oscar Laverde-R, Allison Shultz, Alejandro Rico-Guevara","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag161","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of animal shapes and colors raises questions about the mechanisms by which species acquire complex phenotypes considering that they evolve under both natural and sexual selection. Tanagers employ a diversity of signals in social interactions which, coupled with diverse diets that include fruits and flowers, make them an excellent group for studying how diet influences the evolution of communication signals. Using Bayesian linear mixed models, plumage reflectance data for 291 tanager species (∼77% of species), and appropriate techniques for compositional diet data, we show that percentage increases in frugivory and/or nectarivory dietary components are associated with higher hue disparity scores (a proxy of plumage coloration complexity). Additionally, evolutionary decreases in the percentage of seeds and arthropods, coupled with increases in fruits, are related to higher color complexity. The presence of structural coloration in plumage was related to high hue disparity and frugivory, but carotenoid-based coloration-contrary to expectations-was not associated with either. Our results support the hypothesis that the link between diet and plumage coloration arose not from a physiological constraint but from sensory (perceptual) biases of frugivores and nectarivores for detecting colorful baits in the forest, which resulted in preferences for chromatically diverse feather patterns.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149059408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolution of male courtship discrimination is driven by sympatry and age-dependent pheromones between Drosophila athabasca species complex and its congeners. 雄性求偶歧视的进化是由同缘性和年龄依赖性信息素驱动的。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag173

Roman Yukilevich, Viola Li, Gabby Basil, Brittany Gay, Joanne D Kehlbeck

{"title":"The evolution of male courtship discrimination is driven by sympatry and age-dependent pheromones between Drosophila athabasca species complex and its congeners.","authors":"Roman Yukilevich, Viola Li, Gabby Basil, Brittany Gay, Joanne D Kehlbeck","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag173","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of how males evolve courtship discrimination and the traits they use for species identification is restricted to a few model systems. Theory predicts that males between more sympatric species should evolve stronger courtship discrimination and target female traits for reliable species identification. Thus, traits that increase divergence specifically during sexual maturity should be prime targets of species recognition. We tested this by measuring male courtship discrimination indexes (CDIs) and cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) across ten species pairs of Drosophila affinis subgroup. CDIs ranged from 12% to 86% of total sexual isolation, increasing between more sympatric pairs only if they had postzygotic isolation. Principle Component Analysis on CHCs revealed species-specific clustering in both sexes. CHCs between younger and older flies were not correlated and male CDIs were only correlated with older CHCs. While most CHCs showed species x age interactions, only 11(Z)-tricosene (C23:1), 10,14-pentacosadiene (C25:2), and 2-methylhexacosane (C27:0)) were significantly differentiated and became more divergent with age. We then used \"rub-off\" experiments and direct transfers of these CHCs to show their species-specific repellent and aphrodisiac properties. This suggests that targeting sexually mature female CHCs allows males to distinguish conspecifics from heterospecifics to avoid maladaptive hybridization or signal interference in sympatry.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phylogenetic patterns of tolerance to herbivory and underlying suite of traits: phylogenetic signal and trade-offs. 对食草性和潜在性状的耐受性的系统发育模式：系统发育信号和权衡。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag167

Franco Liñán-Vigo, Juan Núñez-Farfán

{"title":"Phylogenetic patterns of tolerance to herbivory and underlying suite of traits: phylogenetic signal and trade-offs.","authors":"Franco Liñán-Vigo, Juan Núñez-Farfán","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag167","url":null,"abstract":"When herbivory is inevitable, plants can cope with it through tolerance, buffering its negative effects on plant fitness. Macroevolutionary patterns of tolerance to herbivory may improve our understanding about its evolution. Here, we explore the phylogenetic patterns of tolerance to herbivory and underlying functional traits, as well as the potential evolutionary constraints in the forms of fitness costs and a trade-off with resistance across the genus Datura. We performed a common garden experiment with simulated herbivory (defoliation) and analyzed data within a phylogenetic comparative explicit framework. Significant phylogenetic signal was detected only for certain tolerance underlying traits: specific leaf area and chlorophyll content, but no overall phylogenetic signal for tolerance was observed. No trade-off between tolerance and resistance was detected although a negative relationship between tolerance and plant fitness in the absence of damage was found. Our results provide evidence for an absence of correspondence between phylogeny and interspecific plant defense variation, even though some underlying traits were influenced by phylogeny. We propose that the relationship between resistance and tolerance can arise as complementary defenses to variable herbivory pressures mediated by plants' internal resource allocation while the cost of tolerance may imply a trade-off with growth or reproductive potential.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptation to a Lower Protein Diet Before Reproduction Trades off with Immunocompetence and the Ability to Survive Pathogenic Infections. 在繁殖前对低蛋白质饮食的适应与免疫能力和生存致病性感染的能力相权衡。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag175

Saubhik Sarkar, Dipendra Nath Basu, Simran Sethi, Bodhisatta Nandy, Imroze Khan

{"title":"Adaptation to a Lower Protein Diet Before Reproduction Trades off with Immunocompetence and the Ability to Survive Pathogenic Infections.","authors":"Saubhik Sarkar, Dipendra Nath Basu, Simran Sethi, Bodhisatta Nandy, Imroze Khan","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag175","url":null,"abstract":"Insufficient protein intake causes malnutrition, compromising immunity and increasing the risk of pathogenic infections. In fact, under limited protein availability, organisms may experience stronger selective pressure to optimally allocate their resources between immunity vs other energy-demanding processes, such as reproduction, resulting in evolutionary trade-offs. In many species, protein deficiency may also more strongly affect female reproduction, leading to sexually-dimorphic trade-offs involving immunity and infection outcomes, though these haven't been experimentally tested. Here, we demonstrate that in Drosophila melanogaster populations evolving greater investment in early-reproduction in response to a lower-protein diet before oviposition, unmated females exhibited lower post-infection survival against Providencia rettgeri than unmated males, corroborating our prediction. However, mating eliminated these sex differences, with both sexes exhibiting nearly identical infection costs and reduced post-infection survival compared with their unselected counterparts. Overall, selected flies also had lower infection tolerance, although the effect on pathogen resistance was weak and inconsistent. Immune responses, including Toll- and IMD-mediated pathways, were either less upregulated or more downregulated in selected flies, which could explain their increased pathogen susceptibility. Downregulated metabolic pathways may also play a role. Overall, this study offers new evolutionary insights into how low-protein diets drive sex- and reproductive-status-specific variations in immunity and health.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid evolution of body size in response to consistent natural selection in a wild lizard. 野生蜥蜴在持续的自然选择下体型的快速进化。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag174

Tyler N Wittman, Rachana S Bhave, Ariel F Kahrl, Aaron M Reedy, Heidi A Seears, Daniel A Warner, Robert M Cox

{"title":"Rapid evolution of body size in response to consistent natural selection in a wild lizard.","authors":"Tyler N Wittman, Rachana S Bhave, Ariel F Kahrl, Aaron M Reedy, Heidi A Seears, Daniel A Warner, Robert M Cox","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag174","url":null,"abstract":"Although directional selection and additive genetic variance are frequently detected in wild populations, evolutionary responses are often weak or absent, giving rise to a \"paradox of stasis.\" To explore the relationship between selection and evolution, we used a pedigreed wild population of lizards (Anolis sagrei) to quantify natural selection, estimate additive genetic (co)variances, and track phenotypic and genetic change in adult body size while addressing several factors that could lead to evolutionary stasis. Selection via adult reproductive success consistently favored larger body size in both sexes and was stronger in males. Body size was heritable and genetically correlated with adult reproductive success in both sexes, indicating that selection acted on underlying additive genetic variance. Across five annual cohorts, mean phenotypic values and breeding values for body size increased in both sexes, exceeding expectations under genetic drift. This rapid evolutionary response was not obscured by several processes commonly invoked to explain stasis. For example, accounting for phenotypic skew strengthened expected responses, and prior viability selection on juveniles did not phenotypically or genetically oppose selection on adult body size. Our results show that rapid evolutionary change is detectable in the wild when directional selection is consistent, acts on additive genetic variance, and is not genetically opposed by early-life viability selection.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of freshwater reproduction in a marine fish: Evidence from genetics and otolith microchemistry. 海洋鱼类淡水繁殖的进化：遗传学和耳石微化学证据。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-09-22 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag165

Thais Ferreira-Araújo, Petri Kemppainen, Susanne E Tanner, Patrick Reis-Santos, Bronwyn M Gillanders, Kimmo K Kahilainen, Juha Merilä, Paolo Momigliano

{"title":"Evolution of freshwater reproduction in a marine fish: Evidence from genetics and otolith microchemistry.","authors":"Thais Ferreira-Araújo, Petri Kemppainen, Susanne E Tanner, Patrick Reis-Santos, Bronwyn M Gillanders, Kimmo K Kahilainen, Juha Merilä, Paolo Momigliano","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag165","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of distinct reproductive strategies within the same species can offer unique insights into adaptive divergence. Since the discovery of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the freshwater environment of the isolated Lake Pulmanki in the 1970s, the evolutionary origin and reproductive strategy of this euryhaline fish has remained a mystery. Using otolith chemistry and whole-genome resequencing, we tested the hypothesis that flounders in Lake Pulmanki constitute a freshwater-adapted lineage, distinct from their marine ancestors. Otoliths confirmed that most of the flounders caught in Lake Pulmanki were born and lived exclusively in freshwater, providing the first evidence for a fully freshwater confined life cycle in Platichthys. Unexpectedly, most individuals in nearby fjords were also born in freshwater. While the genome-wide differentiation among marine- and freshwater-born flounders was weak, 77 SNPs across 18 chromosomes were significantly associated with habitat-use type, mapping to 35 genes. Moreover, outlier loci show strong interchromosomal linkage disequilibrium (LD), suggesting divergent selection for allelic combinations associated with reproductive habitat use. This pattern is consistent with a genetic basis for early habitat use differences involving epistatic interactions among alleles in different chromosomes, pointing to a genetic adaptation for freshwater reproduction in Lake Pulmanki.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual and multilevel selection on nectar traits in a plant-pollinator mutualism. 植物-传粉者共生关系中花蜜性状的个体和多层次选择。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag169

Sarah J McPeek, Keely M Pattisall, Edmund D Brodie Iii

{"title":"Individual and multilevel selection on nectar traits in a plant-pollinator mutualism.","authors":"Sarah J McPeek, Keely M Pattisall, Edmund D Brodie Iii","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag169","url":null,"abstract":"In consumer-resource species interactions, consumers can play a role in shaping the evolution of their own resources by acting as an agent of selection on the consumed species' traits. Many consumers forage on groups or patches of their resources and may change their foraging behavior within and among groups with different trait compositions. If a consumer's behavioral changes affect the fitness of their resource species, this creates the potential for consumers to impose multilevel selection on the traits of the resource species. Here, we examine how pollinator foraging behavior may create individual and multilevel selection on nectar resources in the beetle-pollinated understory wildflower, Amianthium muscaetoxicum (Fly Poison). We measured nectar traits, pollinator behavior, and reproductive outcomes of individual plants, small plant neighborhoods, and whole plant patches and examined phenotypic selection at each level. We found that nectar volume at the patch level shaped patterns of pollinator visitation, but phenotypic selection on nectar traits was most consistent with beetles engaging with plants as discrete individuals, not as groups. However, we did detect a neighbor contrast component of multilevel selection: the direction of selection on nectar volume was more negative or flat in patches with lower mean nectar production and more positive in patches with higher mean nectar production. Overall, we found strong support that selection favors individual plants with high-quantity, high-quality nectar resources across the forest.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0