Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Turnover shapes evolution of birth and death rates.","authors":"Teemu Kuosmanen, Simo Sa Rkka, Ville Mustonen","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpaf076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A truly predictive evolutionary theory must be derived self-consistently from the underlying stochastic population dynamics, where the environment and ecology are not treated merely as confounders and mediators of evolutionary dynamics. By explicitly decomposing fitness to its birth and death components as well as accounting for how evolution and ecology respectively might affect them, we show how a fundamental asymmetry between reproduction and survival emerges. First, we derive a stochastic replicator equation from a general birth-death process and demonstrate the importance of the demographic turnover rate (defined as the sum of birth and death rates) on mutant fixation. Then we show how the turnover rate shapes the distribution of evolutionary trajectories causing a systematic turnover bias in the mutant substitution dynamics in favour of less volatile low-turnover strategies. Finally, we provide theory for predicting how organismal growth strategies evolve in response to different population regulation mechanisms and show how the resulting life-history evolution has a clear direction where the pace of life becomes either slower or faster depending on the ecological context and mutational supply. Overall, our results highlight the importance of demographic turnover in evolution and underline the perils of quantifying fitness with a single parameter.</p>","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomics and Biogeography of North American Trechine Cave Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Inferred from Ultraconserved Elements.","authors":"Joseph B Benito, Karen A Ober, T Keith Philips, Wil Orndorff, Matthew L Niemiller","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpaf103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cave trechine beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) are members of cave communities globally and important models for understanding the colonization of caves, adaptation to cave life, and the diversification of cave-adapted lineages. In eastern North America, cave trechines are the most species-rich group of terrestrial troglobionts, hypothesized to comprise over 150 taxa in six genera with no closely related extant surface members. Previous studies have hypothesized that the Pleistocene climate change was a major driver of cave colonization and diversification in the temperate terrestrial cave fauna in this region. However, our time-calibrated molecular phylogeny resulting from the analysis of 16,794 bases from 68 Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs) loci for 45 species of this clade supports an alternative hypothesis whereby cave colonization of the surface ancestor of eastern North American cave trechines likely began in the early Miocene in the Appalachians Ridge and Valley (APP) and dispersed into the Interior Low Plateau (ILP) in an east to west manner beginning 17.0 Mya. The APP served as a cradle for diversification and as a bridge linking the southern Appalachians and Interior Low Plateau enabling the dispersal and subsequent diversification of these cave beetles. Major clades in our time-calibrated phylogeny attained their present-day geographic distributions by the early Miocene followed by multiple additional episodes of cave colonization and diversification occurring throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The genera Neaphanops, Darlingtonea, Nelsonites, and Ameroduvalius were nested within the speciose genus Pseudanophthalmus supporting the hypothesis that these taxa are derived Pseudanophthalmus. Moreover, while several morphologically-defined species groups of Pseudanophthalmus are monophyletic, others were not recovered, warranting future taxonomic and systematic research. The molecular systematics and biogeography of these unique trechine cave beetles offer a model for other comparative evolutionary and ecological studies of troglobionts to further our understanding of factors driving speciation and biogeographic patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The endocranial anatomy of protocetids and its implications for early whale evolution.","authors":"Elena Berger, Eli Amson, Emanuele Peri, Abdullah S Gohar, Hesham M Sallam, Gabriel S Ferreira, Ranasish Roy Chowdhury, Quentin Martinez","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpaf109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extant whales, dolphins, and porpoises result from a major macroevolutionary lifestyle transition that transformed land-dwelling cetaceans into fully aquatic species. This involved significant changes in sensory systems. The increase in brain size relative to body size (encephalization quotient) is an outstanding feature of modern cetaceans, especially toothed whales. Conversely, olfactory capabilities are assumed to have diminished along this transition, with airborne olfaction becoming less relevant. The extent and timing of olfactory reduction remain obscure due to challenges in accessing well-preserved fossil endocranial anatomy. This study shows that early cetaceans had already evolved an increased encephalization quotient, and that their olfactory apparatus was likely not yet under selective pressure leading to its reduction. We demonstrate this through an analysis of the extinct whale, Protocetus atavus, a member of the middle Eocene semi-aquatic cetacean group Protocetidae. We provide the first documentation of its endocranial anatomy using high-resolution computed tomography and compare it to other early cetaceans as well as extant mammals. We conclude that cetaceans increased their brain size earlier than previously thought, while relying on a well-developed olfactory system at a time when they were still partly terrestrial.</p>","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene network topology drives the mutational landscape of gene expression.","authors":"Sylvain Pouzet, Arnaud Le Rouzic","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpaf068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regulatory mutations, coding sequence variations, and gene deletions and duplica- tions are generally expected to have qualitatively different effects on fitness during adaptation. We aim to ground this expectation within a theoretical framework using evolutionary simulations of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) controlling the expression of fitness-related genes. We examined the distribution of fitness effects as a function of the type of mutation and the topology of the gene network. Contrary to our expectation, the GRN topology had more influence on the effect of mutations than the type of mutation itself. In particular, the topology conditioned (i) the speed of adaptation, (ii) the distribution of fitness effects, and (iii) the degree of pleiotropy which acts as explanatory factor for all mutation types. All mutations had the potential to participate in adaptation, although their propensity to generate beneficial variants differed according to the net- work topology. In scale-free networks, arguably the most common topology for biological networks, coding mutations were more pleiotropic and overrepresented in both beneficial and deleterious mu- tations, while regulatory mutations were more often neutral. However, this observation was not general, as this pattern was reversed in the other network topologies. These results highlight the critical role of gene interactions in defining mutations' contributions to adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing rates of molecular and morphological evolution identifies multiple speciation trajectories in a diverse radiation of skinks.","authors":"Rhiannon Schembri, Lindell Bromham, Craig Moritz, Xia Hua","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf033","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is increasing recognition that the process of species divergence is not uniform across the tree of life, and that newly diverged taxa may differ in their levels of phenotypic and genetic divergence. We investigate the relationship between phenotypic and genetic differentiation across the speciation continuum using sister pairs from a large ecologically diverse radiation of Australian skinks, the Tribe Eugongylini, a high-quality alignment of genomic sequence data, and morphometric data for 90 lineages across the radiation. Based on the framework proposed by Struck et al. (2018) for comparative study of species divergence, we used latent class regression to test for multiple speciation \"trajectories.\" We found evidence for multiple relationships between genetic divergence and morphological disparity for recently diverged sister taxa, which we summarize into 2 broad patterns. One of these patterns is characterized by relatively rapid morphological differentiation for pairs with greater disparity in environmental variables, consistent with expectations of ecological speciation. The second pattern shows accumulation of both morphological and genetic differences in proportion to each other, consistent with gradual speciation. Our study shows how heterogeneity in speciation processes can be captured in a comparative framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"858-868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evolution reveals trade-offs between sexual selection and heat tolerance in Drosophila prolongata.","authors":"Alessio N De Nardo, Abhishek Meena, Komal Maggu, Benjamin Eggs, Sonja H Sbilordo, Stefan Lüpold","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual selection promotes traits that enhance mating or fertilization success, but these traits can be very costly under harsh environmental conditions. The extent to which differential investment in costly traits under varying intensities of sexual selection is related to their susceptibility to environmental stress remains unclear. This study explored how experimental evolution under different operational sex ratios (OSRs) shapes traits and reproductive success of male Drosophila prolongata, and how developmental and/or adult heat stress affect the expression of these traits. We found males from even and slightly male-biased OSRs to be larger and display greater reduction in body size under developmental heat stress, suggesting pre-mating sexual selection on body size and condition-dependent thermal sensitivity. These populations also exhibited consistently high mating and fertilization success across temperatures, potentially indicating selection for robust phenotypes with \"good genes\" that perform well regardless of temperature. Conversely, males from strongly male-biased OSR populations experienced more pronounced decline in sperm competitiveness following exposure to developmental or adult heat stress. These results highlight how environmental stressors differentially impact populations, shaped by varying strengths of pre- and post-mating sexual selection. These observed patterns suggest potential interactions between past selection and the ability to adapt to changing environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"823-836"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic byproduct utilization and the evolution of mutually beneficial cooperation in Escherichia coli.","authors":"Nan Ye, Beibei Hou, Jianxiao Song, Derek W Dunn, Zhanshan Sam Ma, Rui-Wu Wang","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how cooperation evolves in microbial populations, particularly under environmental stress such as antibiotic exposure, remains a key topic in evolutionary biology. Here, we investigate cooperative interactions between antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli. Under antibiotic stress, a small number of antibiotic-sensitive strains rapidly evolve into antibiotic-resistant strains. Resistant E. coli produce indole, which induces a protective response in sensitive cells, enabling them to survive in antibiotic stress conditions. In turn, antibiotic-sensitive E. coli could help reduce toxic accumulation of indole, indirectly benefiting the resistant strain. Indole is harmful to the growth of the antibiotic-resistant strain but benefits the antibiotic-sensitive strain by helping turn-on the multi-drug exporter to neutralize the antibiotic. This mutual exchange leads to increased fitness for both strains in cocultures, demonstrating a mechanism by which mutually beneficial cooperation can evolve in bacterial communities. Our findings provide insight into how mutualism can emerge under antibiotic pressure through metabolic byproduct exchange, revealing new dynamics in the evolution of bacterial cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"779-790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of costly telomere maintenance on lifespan: reproductive tradeoffs in sand lizards.","authors":"Mats Olsson, Emily Miller, Nicky Rollings, Mette Lillie, Joshua Hufton, Alexander Hansson, Erik Wapstra","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpae181","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpae181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Telomeres are DNA-protein structures that primarily protect chromosomes and serve multiple functions of gene regulation. When cells divide, telomeres shorten and their main repair system in ectotherms-telomerase-replaces lost nucleotide complexes ((T2AG3)n in vertebrates). It remains a challenge to experimentally investigate resource requirements for telomere maintenance and its effects on lifespan-reproductive tradeoffs in the wild. In sand lizards (Lacerta agilis), we show that higher female investments into reproduction results in corresponding shortening of telomeres and that males have less frequent and less profound telomere shortening than females; a contributing factor to this may be males' higher telomerase levels. To manipulate resource access for telomere maintenance, we exploit a pseudo-experimental opportunity to analyze \"onboard\" resources long-term using lizards that drop their tails with fat and nutrient deposits when attacked by predators. Females with fewer resources due to regrown tails less often and less profoundly elongate telomeres. Adult lizards with the most telomere length elongation live the longest, females with the highest lifetime reproductive success shorten telomeres the most, whereas males with the most telomere elongation have the highest lifetime reproductive success. This suggests ongoing evolution of resource-constrained telomere maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"847-857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Costly traits in a dynamic world: trait responses to fine-scale varying environment differ according to selection pressures in a tropical lizard.","authors":"Gokul Valiya Parambil, Kavita Isvaran","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under current climate change patterns, rapidly changing environments can impose strong selection on traits. Costly traits that require heavy investment and strongly affect fitness may be particularly vulnerable to such changes. Despite organisms experiencing dynamic environments, our knowledge of costly trait responses is limited as longitudinal studies across generations are rare. Using a long-term 11-generation dataset, we examined how fine-scale spatial and temporal variation in ecological and demographic conditions modify costly traits, specifically positive allometry in morphological traits under different selection pressures, in Psammophilus dorsalis, a short-lived socially polygynous lizard. We comprehensively measured males and females across non-overlapping generations and space and quantified fine-scale variation in key ecological and demographic parameters. Positive allometry in male head width (under sexual selection) varied dramatically over generations and space. Limited rainfall, harsh temperatures, and greater competition promoted positive allometry in male head width. In stark contrast, positive allometry in female interlimb length (under fecundity selection) only weakly correlated with environmental conditions. We demonstrate that costly traits are sensitive to changing environments depending on the underlying selection pressure, with sexually selected traits showing larger effects in tropical lizards. Future climatic predictions, indicating accelerated warming and altered rainfall, can strongly impact phenotypes in tropical lizards.</p>","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"681-697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The city and forest bird flock together in a common garden: genetic and environmental effects drive urban phenotypic divergence.","authors":"Megan J Thompson, Denis Réale, Baptiste Chenet, Ségolène Delaitre, Amélie Fargevieille, Marc Romans, Samuel P Caro, Anne Charmantier","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban phenotypic divergences are documented across diverse taxa, but the underlying genetic and environmental drivers behind these phenotypic changes are unknown in most wild urban systems. We conduct a common garden (CG) experiment using great tit (Parus major) eggs collected along an urbanization gradient to: (1) determine whether documented morphological, physiological, and behavioral shifts in wild urban great tits are maintained in birds from urban and forest origins reared in a CG (N = 73) and (2) evaluate how different sources of genetic, early maternal investment, and later environmental variation contributed to trait variation in the experiment. In line with the phenotypic divergence in the wild, CG birds from urban origins had faster breath rates (i.e., higher stress response) and were smaller than birds from forest origins, while wild differences in aggression and exploration were not maintained in the experiment. Differences between individuals (genetic and environmentally induced) explained the most trait variation, while variation among foster nests and captive social groups was limited. Our results provide trait-specific evidence of evolution in an urban species where genetic change likely underlies urban differences in morphology and stress physiology but that urban behavioral divergences are more strongly driven by plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"800-822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}