Inna K Lisko, Olli Kurkela, Annele Urtamo, Jenni K Kulmala, Leena P Forma
{"title":"Functional limitations in 2004-22 among Europeans aged 55-69 years: time trends according to labor market group and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Inna K Lisko, Olli Kurkela, Annele Urtamo, Jenni K Kulmala, Leena P Forma","doi":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf054","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In terms of work ability, impacts of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on functional ability warrant investigation. The aim is to explore trends in functional limitations in 2004-22 focusing on the impacts of the pandemic among older working-aged Europeans in different labor market groups and at different levels of COVID-19 stringency policies. Data come from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) collected in 2004-22. Individuals aged 55-69 years from 27 countries were included (N = 245 060). Outcome was functional limitations (Global Activity Limitation Index). Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze time trends and COVID-19 impacts within labor market groups and at different levels of COVID-19 stringency policies. In 2004-22, the likelihood of functional limitations increased slightly among men but remained the same among women. Functional limitations were more likely in countries with low and moderate as compared to high COVID-19 stringency (which represents mostly Southern Europe) in both women and men. During the ∼1st year of the pandemic, likelihood of functional limitations decreased especially in countries with moderate COVID-19 stringency. Decreases were observed in all labor market groups. During the ∼2nd year of the pandemic, the likelihood of functional limitations increased in time but not statistically significantly in most groups. Policymakers should be aware of trends in functional limitations and the impacts of policy decisions while pursuing to prolong work careers. Further investigation is required to verify our findings and to explore underlying reasons behind the decreases in functional limitations after the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":12059,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"693-700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Basterfield, Hannah Batten, Kathryn L Weston, Naomi L Burn, Brook Galna, Helen Ferguson, Scott Wilson, Claire Rimington, Kiz Crosbie
{"title":"'It showed everyone what it was like in lockdown and how we felt': exploring short film-making with children to produce public health research dissemination.","authors":"Laura Basterfield, Hannah Batten, Kathryn L Weston, Naomi L Burn, Brook Galna, Helen Ferguson, Scott Wilson, Claire Rimington, Kiz Crosbie","doi":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf105","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Creative participation may allow children involved in health research to better describe their experience. Using participatory methods, we co-produced a short film with children to express their experiences of the COVID-19 lockdowns and as participants in health research conducted around the pandemic. Thirteen children (10-11 years) from an area of deprivation in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, worked with theatre practitioners to develop their spoken and written reflections and memories into a script. The subsequent short film (https://tinyurl.com/YoungSciComms) was perceived by classmates as an accurate and entertaining representation of their experiences. Film-making with children can facilitate effective peer-led communication in public health research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12059,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"803-805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie Hoffmann, Niels Michalski, Nico Dragano, Jacob Spallek
{"title":"Does individual-level socio-economic position modify the association between area-level deprivation and early childhood language development? A multilevel analysis of cross-sectional population data from Germany.","authors":"Stephanie Hoffmann, Niels Michalski, Nico Dragano, Jacob Spallek","doi":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf082","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early childhood is a public health priority for enhancing health equity across the life course. Children are susceptible to individual-level socio-economic position (SEP) and the socio-economic deprivation of their place of residence, both of which contribute to differences in psychomotor development, including language. This study investigates whether individual-level SEP modifies the association between area-level deprivation and language development. This study used population-based, cross-sectional data from a School Entry Survey in Germany (2021; female: n = 9751, male: n = 10 623; age in years: ≤6 n = 11 423; 6-≤7 n = 8 746; >7 n = 205; native language: German n = 18 752; not German n = 943; bilingual n = 679), which was linked to the 'German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation' (GISD). Binary multilevel models [odds ratio (OR), 95% CI] were used to analyse the interaction of GISD (measured continuously) with individual-level SEP (categorized as high/medium/low) according to delayed language development (DLD in % yes/no), which was assessed using validated instruments of 'social-pediatric screening of developmental status for school entry'. Individual SEP was tested as a moderator by stratifying the analyses. The interaction of GISD with SEP was associated with DLD (ORmediumSEP*GISD = 1.13; 1.04-1.24; ORlowSEP*GISD = 1.27; 1.13-1.43), with the main effect of GISD (OR = 0.85; 0.77-0.93). In SEP stratification, GISD was only partially associated with DLD (ORhighSEP = 0.81; 0.73-0.91; ORmediumSEP = 0.97; 0.89-1.07; ORlowSEP = 1.14; 0.99-1.32). This study demonstrates an association between area-level deprivation and DLD that is modified by individual-level SEP. The findings underscore the importance of stratification by individual-level SEP in analysing area-level effects on health, as the area-level effects can be contradictory according to individual-level SEP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12059,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"611-616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Théo Vasseur, Morgane Fialon, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Paula Pereira, Aline Meirhaeghe, Pilar Galan, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Mathilde Touvier, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Barthélémy Sarda, Serge Hercberg, Lydiane Nabec, Chantal Julia
{"title":"Comparisons of Nutri-Score and NutrInform Battery on consumer preferences, objective understanding, and food choices among Portuguese consumers.","authors":"Théo Vasseur, Morgane Fialon, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Paula Pereira, Aline Meirhaeghe, Pilar Galan, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Mathilde Touvier, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Barthélémy Sarda, Serge Hercberg, Lydiane Nabec, Chantal Julia","doi":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf089","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs) are a cost-effective measure to inform consumers about the nutritional values of foods and to help them make healthier food choices at the point of purchase. This study compared the preference and performance-objective understanding and food choices-of Portuguese consumers for two FoPLs: Nutri-Score and NutrInform Battery. An experimental study was conducted in 2022 on a representative sample of 1014 Portuguese adults (mean age = 45.1 ± 13.8 years; 49% women). Participants were randomly allocated to either the Nutri-Score or the NutrInform Battery group and asked to complete an online questionnaire testing their objective understanding of the label and the effect on purchase intentions for three food categories as well as perceived helpfulness and perception of the FoPL. In terms of participants' ability to identify the most nutritionally favourable foods, Nutri-Score outperformed NutrInform Battery in all categories, with the highest performance observed for the identification of the three foods of higher nutritional value within the breakfast product category (OR = 27.8 [19.4-39.9], P < .0001). Overall, with Nutri-Score, participants were more likely to intend to purchase more nutritionally favourable products than with NutrInform Battery (OR ranging from 2.01 [1.50-2.68] for breakfast cereals to 14.6 [10.2-20.9] for added fats, P < .0001). In terms of preference, Nutri-Score was more appreciated, and perceived as easier to use, more reliable, and more informative than NutrInform Battery. The Nutri-Score appeared to be a more appreciated and effective tool than NutrInform Battery for helping Portuguese consumers to choose foods with a better nutritional composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12059,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"708-713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgios Varotsis, Ulf Hammar, Carl Bonander, Per Lundmark, Beatrice Kennedy, Maria F Gomez, Mats Martinell, Oliver J Dyar, Anna Sarkadi, Robert Kristiansson, Helena Svaleryd, Tove Fall
{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 vaccination appointment letters on uptake by sociodemographic characteristics: a regression discontinuity analysis in Sweden, December 2020 to September 2021.","authors":"Georgios Varotsis, Ulf Hammar, Carl Bonander, Per Lundmark, Beatrice Kennedy, Maria F Gomez, Mats Martinell, Oliver J Dyar, Anna Sarkadi, Robert Kristiansson, Helena Svaleryd, Tove Fall","doi":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf097","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ensuring high vaccination coverage is vital, particularly during a pandemic. While pre-booked appointment letters have shown promise in vaccination campaigns, their effectiveness in specific sociodemographic groups remains to be explored. Our study evaluated the effect of pre-booked appointment letters on COVID-19 vaccine uptake within different sociodemographic groups using a quasi-experimental methodology. In Uppsala County, Sweden, residents born between 1962 and 1971 received pre-booked COVID-19 vaccination letters starting 24 May 2021, while younger residents received SMS prompts for self-booking starting 7 June 2021. Through a regression discontinuity design, we used the intervention cut-off at birth year 1971 to assess the effectiveness of the letters to increase vaccine uptake compared to the SMS campaign. Our analysis included 96 194 individuals born between 1962 and 1981, examining vaccination within 90 days post-eligibility as primary outcome. We investigated effects within sociodemographic groups, assessed household spillover effects, and performed negative control analyses using neighbouring counties. Adults just above the cut-off had an odds ratio of 1.3 (95% CI 1.10-1.53) of being vaccinated than those just below, with a 1.97 percentage point increase (95% CI: 0.45-3.50) from a baseline of 91.95%. The intervention showed effectiveness within most sociodemographic strata. No effects were found in negative control counties, nor were there household spillover effects. Pre-booked appointment letters are effective at boosting vaccination uptake, even in diverse sociodemographic groups. While our findings come from COVID-19 vaccination, they align with evidence from various immunization programs, suggesting that personalized communications can achieve equitable vaccine coverage across different healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12059,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"795-802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro Clarós, Andreea Ciudin, Jordi Muria, Lluis Llull, Jose Àngel Mola, Martí Pons, Javier Castán, Juan Carlos Cruz, Rafael Simó
{"title":"A model based on artificial intelligence for the prediction, prevention and patient-centred approach for non-communicable diseases related to metabolic syndrome.","authors":"Alejandro Clarós, Andreea Ciudin, Jordi Muria, Lluis Llull, Jose Àngel Mola, Martí Pons, Javier Castán, Juan Carlos Cruz, Rafael Simó","doi":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf098","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), atherogenic dyslipidaemia (ATD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The absence of reliable tools for early diagnosis and risk stratification leads to delayed detection, preventable hospitalizations, and increased healthcare costs. This study evaluates the impact of Transformer-based artificial intelligence (AI) model in predicting and managing MetS-related NCDs compared to classical machine learning models. Electronical medical data registered in the MIMIC-IV v2.2database from 183 958 patients with at least two recorded medical visits were analysed. A two-stage AI approach was implemented: (1) pretraining on 60% of the dataset to capture disease progression patterns, and (2) fine-tuning on the remaining 40% for disease-specific predictions. Transformer-based models was compared with traditional machine learning approaches (Random Forest and Linear Support Vector Classifier [SVC]), evaluating predictive performance through AUC and F1-score. The Transformer-based model significantly outperformed classical models, achieving higher AUC values across all diseases. It also identified a substantial number of undiagnosed cases compared to documented diagnoses fold increase for CKD 2.58, T2D 0.78, dyslipidaemia 1.89, hypertension 3.33, MASLD 5.78, and obesity 4.07. Diagnosis delays ranged from 90 to 500 days, with 35% of missed intervention opportunities occurring within the first five appointments. These delays correlated with an 84% increase in hospitalizations and a 69% rise in medical procedures. This study demonstrates that Transformer-based AI models offer superior predictive accuracy over traditional methods by capturing complex temporal disease patterns. Their integration into clinical workflows and public health strategies could enable scalable, proactive MetS management, reducing undiagnosed cases, optimizing resource allocation, and improving population health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12059,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"642-649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonardo Villani, Francesco Andrea Causio, Cosimo Savoia, Roberta Pastorino, Walter Ricciardi, Stefania Boccia, Chiara de Waure
{"title":"Trends in pediatric vaccination coverage in Italy from 2000 to 2023.","authors":"Leonardo Villani, Francesco Andrea Causio, Cosimo Savoia, Roberta Pastorino, Walter Ricciardi, Stefania Boccia, Chiara de Waure","doi":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf107","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination represents one of the most effective public health interventions. However, a decrease in pediatric vaccination coverage has been observed in Italy, with an increase in vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. To counter this phenomenon, the Italian government approved a compulsory vaccination law in 2017, increasing the number of mandatory vaccinations from four to 10. This study analyzes the trends of vaccination coverages in Italy from 2000 to 2023, with a focus on the impact of the law. Vaccination coverage data were obtained from the Italian Ministry of Health, sorted by antigen. A linear regression and joinpoint regression analysis was performed for each antigen to identify a significant or non-significant change (increase or decrease) in the trend. Vaccination coverages declined steadily until 2015, but with the introduction of the law 119/2017, there was an increase for all antigens, ranging from 1.05% for tetanus to 5.30% for rubella. During the years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a decline in coverage was observed for all antigens, with values ranging from -0.24% for varicella to -2.39% for rubella. Implementing vaccine mandates seem to be useful for increasing vaccination coverages. Likewise, this study showed the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary healthcare services, such as vaccination, contributing to a decline in coverage. Health systems should measure vaccination coverages and monitor changes and variations to be resilient toward external stressors and be proactive in tackling crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":12059,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"781-787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Amele, Eliud Kibuchi, Ronan McCabe, Evangelia Demou, Alastair H Leyland, Kirsten Hainey, Igor Rudan, Amanj Kurdi, Colin R Simpson, Lewis D Ritchie, Colin McCowan, Ting Shi, Patricia Irizar, Laia Becares, Aziz Sheikh, Anna Pearce, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
{"title":"Investigating the contribution of socio-economic position to ethnic inequalities in severe COVID-19 outcomes: population-based mediation analyses of national linked Scottish data.","authors":"Sarah Amele, Eliud Kibuchi, Ronan McCabe, Evangelia Demou, Alastair H Leyland, Kirsten Hainey, Igor Rudan, Amanj Kurdi, Colin R Simpson, Lewis D Ritchie, Colin McCowan, Ting Shi, Patricia Irizar, Laia Becares, Aziz Sheikh, Anna Pearce, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi","doi":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We quantified the extent to which socio-economic position (SEP) contributed to ethnic inequalities in severe COVID-19 outcomes (hospitalization or death) in Scotland. We used linked 2011 Scottish Census and health records to assess whether ethnic inequalities were mediated by different SEP measures: area deprivation, educational status, household composition, and multigenerational household. We considered disaggregated ethnicities 'White Scottish', 'White British or Irish', 'Other White', 'South Asian', 'African, Caribbean, or Black', and 'Other'. We applied marginal structural models to estimate causal pathways. Of the 3 297 205 individuals analysed, 38 213 (1.2%) had severe COVID-19 outcomes. South Asians had elevated risk of severe COVID-19 compared to White Scottish (hazard ratio: 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.5-1.9), while White British or Irish (hazard ratio: 0.7; confidence interval: 0.6-08) and other White (hazard ratio: 0.8; confidence interval: 0.7-0.9) had reduced risk. When holding area deprivation constant, the risk of severe COVID-19 declined by 16.5% for South Asians and 49.2% for White British or Irish; but increased for other White (75.4%). When holding education constant, the risk of severe COVID-19 reduced by 24.8% for White British or Irish and 20.6% for other White; but increased by 74.6% for South Asians. Only a slight change in risk was observed for the South Asians after holding household size and multigenerational household constant. Risk estimates for African, Caribbean or Black, and other groups were underpowered. SEP measures differed substantially in the extent to which they mediated ethnic inequalities in severe COVID-19. This highlights the necessity of addressing multiple dimensions of SEP that drive ethnic inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12059,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"788-794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hana Jaworek, Ondrej Bouska, Pavla Kourilova, Marian Hajduch, Vladimira Koudelakova
{"title":"High-risk HPV prevalence in the Czech cervical cancer screening population: a comparison of clinician-collected and self-collected sampling.","authors":"Hana Jaworek, Ondrej Bouska, Pavla Kourilova, Marian Hajduch, Vladimira Koudelakova","doi":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types varies across countries, making it essential to estimate prevalence using nationwide samples. Data on hrHPV prevalence in the Czech Republic are very limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of various hrHPV types in an unselected screening population of Czech women aged 30-65 years, using paired clinician-obtained cervical swab (CS) and self-collected cervicovaginal swabs (CVS). A total of 1026 eligible women were recruited into two study arms. In arm A, the digene® HC2 DNA Collection Device was used for both CS and CVS. In arm B, the Evalyn Brush was used for CVS, while the Cervex Brush was used for CS. All samples were tested for hrHPV using the digene® HC2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test and genotyped with the PapilloCheck® HPV-Screening assay. The overall hrHPV prevalence was 14.8%, based on positive results from either CVS or CS samples. hrHPV positivity was detected in 10.8% of clinician-obtained CSs and 11.8% of self-collected CVSs. A combined analysis of CS and CVS samples identified the five most prevalent hrHPV genotypes: HPV16, HPV31, HPV39, HPV56, and HPV68. The comparison of hrHPV detection in paired CS and CVS samples showed an overall concordance of 93%. These findings highlight the importance of detecting hrHPV genotypes alongside conventional Pap testing in national cervical screening programs. Furthermore, the results confirm that self-sampling kits represent a suitable alternative to clinician-collected samples.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT04133610).</p>","PeriodicalId":12059,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"760-765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matej Kucera, Dominika Seblova, Judith E Bosmans, Hana Marie Broulikova, Pavla Brennan Kearns
{"title":"Assessing modifiable risk factors for dementia in the Czech Republic: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe study.","authors":"Matej Kucera, Dominika Seblova, Judith E Bosmans, Hana Marie Broulikova, Pavla Brennan Kearns","doi":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf112","DOIUrl":"10.1093/eurpub/ckaf112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of modifiable risk factors in the development of dementia in Central and Eastern Europe remains understudied. We aimed to examine the association between 12 risk factors and the incidence of dementia in the Czech Republic and estimate the proportion of new dementia cases that can be attributed to these risk factors. Data of 3805 Czech participants in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (mean age: 70 years, median 6.5-year follow-up) were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox hazard models for the association between the risk factors (low education, alcohol use, living alone, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, hearing loss, vision problem, and depression) and probable dementia diagnosis defined based on adapted Lang-Weir algorithm. We estimated the proportion of dementia cases attributable to each risk factor using weighted population attributable fractions (wPAFs). Four risk factors, low education (HR 1.72), depression (HR 1.42), diabetes mellitus (HR 1.53), and physical inactivity (HR 2.13), were significantly associated with dementia and accounted for the largest proportion of attributable risk. The total weighted PAF for all factors was 39.18%. If all risk factors for dementia were eliminated, almost 40% of dementia cases in the Czech Republic could be prevented. More systematic approach is essential for mitigating the adverse impact of risk factors on the incidence of dementia, such as improving education, preventing and treating depression and diabetes mellitus, and promoting physical.</p>","PeriodicalId":12059,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"701-707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}