European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice最新文献

{"title":"Ceftaroline combination therapy for methicillin resistant coagulase negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> bacteraemia and endocarditis.","authors":"Sunish Shah, Lloyd Clarke, Simi Padival","doi":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2024-004334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2024-004334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We report our experience with the use of ceftaroline in combination with daptomycin or vancomycin for methicillin resistant coagulase negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> bacteraemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicentre retrospective study was carried out at three institutions of adult patients with methicillin resistant <i>S. epidermidis</i> or <i>S. lugdunensis</i> bacteraemia who were managed with either daptomycin or vancomycin in combination with ceftaroline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve patients met the inclusion criteria. All patients who received combination therapy had sterile blood cultures on the subsequent blood cultures drawn following ceftaroline initiation. Those who received ceftaroline combination within 7 days had a faster time to blood culture sterilisation than those who received ceftaroline combination therapy after 7 days (6 (3-7) days vs 17 (12-19) days, p=0.031).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results from this case series support the use of ceftaroline combination therapy in patients with methicillin resistant coagulase negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> bacteraemia whose blood cultures failed to sterilise with vancomycin or daptomycin alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":12050,"journal":{"name":"European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ugly phenomenon of predatory journals: what they are and how to avoid them.","authors":"Eleonora Castellana","doi":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2024-004354","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2024-004354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12050,"journal":{"name":"European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice","volume":" ","pages":"489-490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of drug cost savings related to clinical trials from the perspective of a university hospital.","authors":"Quentin Perrier, Mélanie Minoves, Sophie Cerana, Fabienne Reymond, Camille Ducki, Thomas Decaens, Audrey Lehmann, Pierrick Bedouch","doi":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003671","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Clinical trials are an opportunity for patients to access innovative therapy, but patient inclusion in clinical trials can also result in cost savings for hospitals. Our objective was to evaluate the economic impact of clinical trials drug cost savings in a French academic institution from the perspectives of both the French Health Insurance (FHI) and hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, observational, cost saving analysis was performed on all the clinical trials initiated in our university hospital between 2015 and 2020. Only trials involving an investigational medicinal product were considered. Drug cost savings were defined as the best standard of care, defined in the protocol, whose cost was covered by a sponsor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 646 trials undertaken during the 6 years analysed, 21% (212/646) led to cost savings, mostly driven by the industrial sponsor (92%, €6 984 283/€7 591 612) for a total of €7 591 612 (91% from the FHI's perspective (€6 959 115/€7 591 612)). Oncology trials generated 79.1% (€6 004 966/€7 591 612) of global cost savings, mostly driven by onco-haematology (33.1%, €1 983 146/€6 004 966), onco-pneumology (29.2%, €1 754 333/€6 004 966) and onco-dermatology (23.5%, €1 409 553/€6 004 966) followed by hepatogastroenterology trials (6.9%, €413 113/€6 004 966). Of the 162 drugs, the top 15 generated 75.3% (€5 715 479/€7 591 612) of savings and were grouped together: 12 antineoplastic agents (six per os and six intravenous) and three per os antiviral for hepatitis C.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With ever-changing prices and new innovative treatments, such cost avoidance must be regularly evaluated. We provided objective evidence that clinical trials could achieve potential cost savings for the FHI and hospitals, in addition to the potential benefit to patients of having access to innovative investigational medicinal products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12050,"journal":{"name":"European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice","volume":" ","pages":"520-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9593795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Y-site simulation compatibility study of 10% calcium salts with various injectable solutions during toxicological resuscitation.","authors":"Arianne Hamelin, Félix Thompson-Desormeaux, Audrée Elliott, Mihaela Friciu, Jean-Marc Forest, Gregoire Leclair","doi":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003689","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the physical compatibility of 10% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate in combination with injectable solutions, administered in the paediatric and adult intensive care unit setting during toxicological resuscitation involving calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight combinations were prepared at room temperature, including the following products: calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, insulin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, highly concentrated dextrose solution, sodium chloride, Plasma-Lyte A and Ringer's lactate. A visual evaluation at times 0, 1, 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours and a particle count test with the LS-20 particle counter at times 0, 4, 24 and 72 hours were performed. The admixtures were considered incompatible if there was a precipitate, a colour change, turbidity, viscosity or a gas formation. The stability of calcium salts was also tested in empty IV bags and syringes by the particle count test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All drug mixtures were found to be compatible by visual evaluation and using the particle counter based on United States Pharmacopoeia chapter 788 (USP<788>) specifications. Calcium salts were compatible with insulin and vasopressors in the tested combinations. The stability of 10% calcium salts in empty IV bags and polypropylene syringes was demonstrated for up to 48 hours at room temperature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All the combinations tested were physically compatible for up to 72 hours at room temperature. Clinical use of calcium salt infusions, at an undiluted concentration, in combination with these injectable solutions in a toxicological resuscitation context is considered clinically acceptable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12050,"journal":{"name":"European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice","volume":" ","pages":"583-587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9772911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating an evidence-based economic model for prefilled parenteral medication delivery in the hospital setting.","authors":"Job F H Eijsink, Mia Weiss, Ashley Taneja, Tyler Edwards, Haymen Girgis, Betsy J Lahue, Kristen A Cribbs, Maarten Postma","doi":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003620","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Prefilled syringes (PFS) may offer clinical and economic advantages over conventional parenteral medication delivery methods (vials and ampoules). The benefits of converting from vials and ampoules to PFS have been explained in previous drug-specific economic models; however, these models have limited generalisability to different drugs, healthcare settings and other countries. Our study aims to (1) present a comprehensive economic model to assess the impact of switching from vials to PFS delivery; and (2) illustrate through two case studies the model's utility by highlighting important features of shifting from vials to PFS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The economic model estimates the potential benefit of switching to PFS associated with four key outcomes: preventable adverse drug events (pADE), preparation time, unused drugs, and cost of supplies. Model reference values were derived from existing peer-reviewed literature sources. The user inputs specific information related to the department, drug, and dose of interest and can change reference values. Two hypothetical case studies are presented to showcase model utility. The first concerns a cardiac intensive care unit in the United Kingdom administering 30 doses of 1 mg/10 mL atropine/day. The second concerns a coronavirus (COVID-19) intensive care unit in France that administers 30 doses of 10 mg/25 mL ephedrine/day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total cost savings per hospital per year, associated with reductions in pADEs, unused drugs, drug cost and cost of supplies were £34 829 for the atropine example and €104 570 for the ephedrine example. Annual preparation time decreased by 371 and 234 hours in the atropine and ephedrine examples, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The model provides a generalisable framework with customisable inputs, giving hospitals a comprehensive view of the clinical and economic value of adopting PFS. Despite increased costs per dose with PFS, the hypothetical case studies showed notable reductions in medication preparation time and a net budget savings owing to fewer pADEs and reduced drug wastage.</p>","PeriodicalId":12050,"journal":{"name":"European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice","volume":" ","pages":"564-570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9692931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world effectiveness and factors associated with increased mortality in non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia receiving remdesivir.","authors":"Lucía Quesada Muñoz, Jorge Fernández-Fradejas, Hilario Martinez-Barros, Marina Sánchez Cuervo, Miriam Martín Rufo, Maria Del Rosario Pintor Recuenco, Carmen Quereda Rodríguez-Navarro, Ana María Álvarez-Díaz, Javier Saez de la Fuente","doi":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003729","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evidence on the effectiveness of remdesivir when used in real-life clinical practice is controversial. This study aims to analyse its effectiveness and the factors associated with increased mortality in non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who require supplemental low-flow oxygen and received remdesivir.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Ramón y Cajal University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) which included all patients treated with remdesivir in our institution during the second pandemic breakout in Spain, from August to November 2020. Treatment with remdesivir was limited to non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring low-flow supplemental oxygen, with a treatment duration of 5 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1757 patients were admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia during the study period, of which 281 non-critically ill patients were treated with remdesivir and included in the analysis. Mortality at 28 days after initiation of treatment was 17.1%. The median (IQR) time to recovery was 9 days (6-15). 104 (37.0%) patients had complications during hospitalisation, with renal failure being the most frequent (31 patients; 36.5%). After adjustment for confounding factors, high-flow oxygen therapy was associated with increased 28-day mortality (HR 2.77; 95% CI 1.39 to 5.53; p=0.004) and decreased 28-day clinical improvement (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.85; p=0.008). A significant difference in survival and clinical improvement was identified between patients treated with high and low-flow oxygen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 28-day mortality rate in patients treated with remdesivir needing low-flow oxygen therapy was higher than that published in clinical trials. Age and increased oxygen therapy needed after the beginning of treatment were the main risk factors associated with mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12050,"journal":{"name":"European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice","volume":" ","pages":"532-536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9723024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing health literacy in transplant patients to better tailor the content of their therapeutic education: an observational study.","authors":"Clara Lebret, Brendan Le Daré, Florian Laval, Cécile Vigneau, Astrid Bacle","doi":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003553","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evaluate health literacy in transplant patients to better tailor the content of their continuing therapeutic education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 20-item questionnaire divided into five themes (sport/recreation, dietary measures, hygiene measures, recognition of the signs of graft rejection and medication management) was sent to transplant patient associations. Participants' responses (a score out of 20 points), were analysed according to demographic characteristics, transplanted organ (kidney, liver or heart), type of donor (living or deceased), participation in a therapeutic patient education (TPE) programme, management of end-stage renal disease (with or without dialysis) and the date of transplant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>327 individuals completed the questionnaires (mean age 63.3±12.7 years, mean time post-transplant 13.1±12.1 years). From 2 years after transplantation, the patients' score decreases significantly compared with the score obtained at hospital discharge. Patients who received TPE had significantly higher scores than patients who did not receive it, but only in the first 2 years post-transplant. The scores were different depending on the organs transplanted. Patients' knowledge varied according to the theme; the percentage of errors being higher for questions related to hygienic and dietary rules.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of the role of the clinical pharmacist in maintaining the transplant recipient's health literacy level over time to increase graft life. We show the topics on which pharmacists must acquire solid knowledge to best meet the needs of transplant patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12050,"journal":{"name":"European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice","volume":" ","pages":"537-542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9410456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and risks of ChatGPT used in drug information: an exploratory real-world analysis.","authors":"Benedict Morath, Ute Chiriac, Elena Jaszkowski, Carolin Deiß, Hannah Nürnberg, Katrin Hörth, Torsten Hoppe-Tichy, Kim Green","doi":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003750","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the performance and risk associated with the usage of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) to answer drug-related questions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 50 drug-related questions were consecutively collected and entered in the artificial intelligence software application ChatGPT. Answers were documented and rated in a standardised consensus process by six senior hospital pharmacists in the domains content (correct, incomplete, false), patient management (possible, insufficient, not possible) and risk (no risk, low risk, high risk). As reference, answers were researched in adherence to the German guideline of drug information and stratified in four categories according to the sources used. In addition, the reproducibility of ChatGPT's answers was analysed by entering three questions at different timepoints repeatedly (day 1, day 2, week 2, week 3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, only 13 of 50 answers provided correct content and had enough information to initiate management with no risk of patient harm. The majority of answers were either false (38%, n=19) or had partly correct content (36%, n=18) and no references were provided. A high risk of patient harm was likely in 26% (n=13) of the cases and risk was judged low for 28% (n=14) of the cases. In all high-risk cases, actions could have been initiated based on the provided information. The answers of ChatGPT varied over time when entered repeatedly and only three out of 12 answers were identical, showing no reproducibility to low reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a real-world sample of 50 drug-related questions, ChatGPT answered the majority of questions wrong or partly wrong. The use of artificial intelligence applications in drug information is not possible as long as barriers like wrong content, missing references and reproducibility remain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12050,"journal":{"name":"European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice","volume":" ","pages":"491-497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical stability of ready-to-administer mitomycin C solutions for intravesical instillation.","authors":"Jannik Almasi, Judith Thiesen, Irene Kraemer","doi":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003743","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the physicochemical stability of mitomycin-containing medicinal products for bladder instillation, formulated with urea as excipient (mito-medac®, Mitomycin medac). For comparison, the stability of reconstituted Urocin® and Mitem® bladder instillation was studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mitomycin-containing medicinal products were either reconstituted with the prepackaged 0.9% NaCl solution, nominal volume 20 mL (mito-medac®, Mitem®, Urocin®) or with 20 mL water for injection (Mitomycin medac, Mitem®, Urocin®) to a nominal concentration of 1 mg/mL and stored at room temperature (20-25°C). Samples were taken immediately after reconstitution and after 24 hours. Physicochemical stability was determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection, measurement of pH and osmolarity, and inspection for visible particles or colour changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial pH values of the test solutions reconstituted with prepackaged 0.9% NaCl (5.2-5.6) were significantly lower than those reconstituted with water for injection (6.6-7.4). Solutions reconstituted with 0.9% NaCl solutions rapidly degraded and concentrations fell below the 90% limit after 24 hours of storage. When reconstituted with water for injection, degradation was less rapid. Concentrations of Mitomycin medac and Urocin remained above the 90% limit after 24 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The physicochemical stability of mitomycin 1 mg/mL bladder instillation prepared with prepackaged 0.9% NaCl in prefilled PVC bags is less than 24 hours at room temperature. Unfavourable pH values of the solvents cause rapid degradation of mitomycin. Mitomycin solutions reconstituted at the point of care should be administered immediately to avoid degradation and loss of efficacy. Urea added as excipient did not accelerate degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12050,"journal":{"name":"European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice","volume":" ","pages":"571-576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9482861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of exposure of patients' family members to lenalidomide at home.","authors":"Yuta Takahashi, Ayumu Nagamine, Akiko Kaneta, Hideaki Yashima, Kyoko Obayashi, Takuya Araki, Koujirou Yamamoto","doi":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003632","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Lenalidomide, a hazardous drug, has strict distribution controls. However, the risk of contamination with lenalidomide when patients take the drug has not been studied and the risk of drug exposure to people in the patient's living environment is unknown. Thus, we investigated the amount of lenalidomide that could be dispersed during the period between removal of the capsule and returning the used blister packages, and we considered the conditions under which lenalidomide could be dispersed and countermeasures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The amount of lenalidomide contamination was measured on the outside of the unused blister packages returned by the patients, on the surface of the capsule, and on the inside of the package immediately after removal of the capsule. In addition, the amount of contamination was measured on the blister packages used by the patients and on the gloves worn by the pharmacists on receipt of the packages. Lenalidomide was analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lenalidomide amounts on the outside of the unused blister packages returned by the three patients were <10, <10, and 26.8 ng/pack, those on the capsule surface immediately after removal from the packages were 297, 388, and 297 ng/capsule, and those on the inside of packages immediately after removal of all capsules were 143, 184, and 554 ng/pack, respectively. A median of 15.6 ng/pack lenalidomide was detected on the surface of packages used by the patients (n=18). The lenalidomide remaining in the packages immediately after capsule removal (~200 ng/pack), except for the 15.6 ng/pack detected in the packages used by the patients, may have been dispersed in the patient's living environment (~90% or more). The maximum amount of lenalidomide on the surface of the packages used by the patients was over 2500 ng/pack.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The amount of lenalidomide contamination per package was found to be at least 100 ng less after collection by the pharmacist than immediately after removal of the capsules. Therefore, it is recommended to clean the surrounding area and wash one's hands after taking the capsules.</p>","PeriodicalId":12050,"journal":{"name":"European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice","volume":" ","pages":"555-559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9723023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}