European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement最新文献_第3页

Serum precipitins against microbes in mouldy hay with respect to the geographical location of the farm and to the work of farmers. 针对霉变干草中微生物的血清沉淀与农场的地理位置和农民的工作有关。

European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01

E O Terho, K Tupi, I Vohlonen, K Husman

{"title":"Serum precipitins against microbes in mouldy hay with respect to the geographical location of the farm and to the work of farmers.","authors":"E O Terho, K Tupi, I Vohlonen, K Husman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study was based on a sample of 3,065 farmers from a larger survey population of 12,056 Finnish farmers. Data were gathered in a postal survey conducted by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. Serum precipitins were determined by a microplate method of immune diffusion. The antigen panel consisted of mycelial antigens of Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus umbrosus. Geographical variation in the prevalence of precipitins was statistically significant, evidently due to climatic differences. The more intensive the cattle raising, the more commonly were precipitins found in the sera of farmers. For participation in animal tending (cattle, pigs, or poultry) or in plant cultivation work only, the prevalence of precipitins was largest among farmers who tended cattle or swine. According to earlier studies, serum precipitins to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris are associated with farmer's lung. Precipitins to this microbe were most commonly found in farmers who tended pigs and were also very common in farmers who worked only in plant cultivation. These findings imply that farmer's lung may also develop among pig farmers and grain producers. Precipitins to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris were clearly related to the type of grain drier used on the farm. The study failed to identify detailed tasks in farming associated with large prevalence of precipitins, probably owing to considerable overlap in the exposure encountered in different tasks.","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"152 ","pages":"128-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14623063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in farmers according to smoking and atopic skin sensitization. 农民慢性支气管炎患病率与吸烟和皮肤过敏性的关系。

European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01

I Vohlonen, E O Terho, M Horsmanheimo, O P Heinonen, K Husman

{"title":"Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in farmers according to smoking and atopic skin sensitization.","authors":"I Vohlonen, E O Terho, M Horsmanheimo, O P Heinonen, K Husman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Development of chronic bronchitis has been shown to depend strongly on smoking habits. Atopy is known to predispose individuals to the development of asthma. Few studies, however, have dealt with the role of the atopic status of the individual as a predisposing factor for chronic bronchitis. In our previous survey among farmers, we observed that chronic bronchitis occurred more often among atopic than non-atopic subjects. Atopy was defined on the basis of past or present atopic manifestations. The association between atopy and chronic bronchitis was re-examined in a separate study of 169 individuals. Using the skin-prick technique we tested these farmers for atopy. The antigen panel included 36 common and farm-related allergens. Among non-smokers with negative skin tests the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 5.6%, whereas among farmers with positive skin tests (area of at least one skin test reaction equal to 6 mm2 or larger) the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 15.1%. When age, sex and smoking habits were accounted for statistically, individuals with positive skin tests suffered from chronic bronchitis twice as frequently as subjects with negative skin tests. The predisposing effects of smoking and atopy were of the same order of magnitude. The results of the clinical study of atopy correspond closely to those of the survey study. In the farming population, individuals with an atopic constitution are predisposed to development of chronic bronchitis.","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"152 ","pages":"175-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14623064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of respiratory morbidity on occupational activity among farmers. 呼吸系统疾病对农民职业活动的影响。

European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01

K Tupi, I Vohlonen, E O Terho, K Husman

{"title":"Effects of respiratory morbidity on occupational activity among farmers.","authors":"K Tupi, I Vohlonen, E O Terho, K Husman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Work-related respiratory diseases are common among farmers. Few studies, however, have dealt with the consequences of respiratory diseases for the lives of the afflicted farmers. To estimate the socioeconomic consequences of respiratory diseases in the farming population, we made a cross-sectional study and a follow-up study. In 1979 farmers with farmer's lung were twice as likely as healthy farmers to plan to reduce their farming work or to stop farming completely. Fifteen percent of the farmers who developed chronic bronchitis during a three-year follow-up had decided to reduce farming work, close down the farm or change the line of production on the farm. The respective rate for healthy farmers was 8%. In 1982, after the follow-up study of new cases of respiratory diseases, the rate of giving up occupational activities was twice as great among individuals with farmer's lung or asthma as in the rest of the farming population. Based on this study, we estimated that of the new cases of respiratory diseases, every tenth will stop farming in the near future, owing to one of the respiratory diseases analyzed. In Finland about 300 farmers per 100,000 and a total of about 600 farmers annually reduce their farming work or stop farming due to respiratory diseases.","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"152 ","pages":"206-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14623066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The rôle of proteases and antiproteases in bronchial secretions. 支气管分泌物中蛋白酶和抗蛋白酶的rôle。

European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01

D C Hutchison

{"title":"The rôle of proteases and antiproteases in bronchial secretions.","authors":"D C Hutchison","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A number of proteolytic enzymes (proteases) and their inhibitors (anti-proteases) have been demonstrated in the bronchial secretions. The most important of these proteases is probably the potent elastase derived from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) which are recruited into the bronchial tree during inflammation. This enzyme can degrade elastin, collagen and proteoglycan and can damage the bronchial epithelium; it is inhibited by antileukoprotease and by alpha protease inhibitor (API). Pulmonary macrophages also secrete an elastase, but Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the only microorganism known to produce elastase. Antileukoprotease is probably the most important of the antiproteases to be found in bronchial secretions. Other antiproteases such as low molecular weight inhibitors, API and alpha 2 macroglobulin have been demonstrated in bronchial secretions but they are present in low concentration. A balance between proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors is thought to be of great importance in the prevention of proteolytic damage to local tissues, not only in emphysema but also in chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. Oxidants derived from PMN or from tobacco smoke can inactivate protease inhibitors and in both the bronchial tree and the lung parenchyma, a balance between oxidants and anti-oxidants must presumably also be maintained to prevent local tissue damage.","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"153 ","pages":"78-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13596261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New aspects on the treatment of inflammatory reactions and broncho-obstruction in bronchial asthma. 支气管哮喘炎症反应和支气管梗阻治疗的新进展。

European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01

B R Lindgren

引用次数: 0

Small cell lung cancer. 27th annual meeting of the Netherlands Federation of Medical Societies. Groningen, April 4, 1986. Proceedings. 小细胞肺癌。荷兰医学学会联合会第27届年会。1986年4月4日，格罗宁根程序。

European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01

引用次数: 0

Surfactant replacement in the management of the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. 表面活性剂替代治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征。

European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01

B Robertson

{"title":"Surfactant replacement in the management of the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.","authors":"B Robertson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Several recent reports have documented the efficacy of surfactants replacement therapy in the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The surfactants tested in these trials were obtained from animal lungs or human amniotic fluid. In general, such natural preparations seem to be superior to entirely synthetic surfactants, although promising results have recently been obtained in animal experiments with artificial surfactant based on isolated apoproteins and synthetic phospholipids. Furthermore, surfactant replacement therapy seems to be more effective when the exogenous material is administered at birth, before the first breath, than when surfactant is instilled into the airways after a period of ventilation. This discrepancy may be due to maldistribution of the exogenous material, or to the rapid development of epithelial lesions in the immature lung, with leakage of surfactant-inhibiting proteins into the airspaces. A transient beneficial response to surfactant replacement may also be due to circulatory problems, especially reversal of the shunt through a patent ductus arteriosus, with overloading of the lung circulation leading to pulmonary oedema and recurrent respiratory failure. Additional, properly randomized clinical trials are required to evaluate the benefits and potential hazards of surfactant replacement therapy in neonatal RDS.","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"153 ","pages":"242-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14448698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Upper respiratory tract secretions: pathophysiology. 上呼吸道分泌物:病理生理学。

European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01

N Mygind, S Brofeldt, B Ostberg, V Cerkez, M Tos, C Marriott

引用次数: 0

Effects of cigarette smoking and drugs on respiratory tract proteases and antiproteases. 吸烟和药物对呼吸道蛋白酶和抗蛋白酶的影响。

European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01

T D Tetley, S F Smith, G H Burton, A J Winning, N T Cooke, A Guz

{"title":"Effects of cigarette smoking and drugs on respiratory tract proteases and antiproteases.","authors":"T D Tetley, S F Smith, G H Burton, A J Winning, N T Cooke, A Guz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Increased pulmonary proteolytic (elastolytic) activity is thought to be the primary cause of emphysema and may also play a rôle in the pathology of bronchitis. These diseases are common amongst tobacco smokers. Serum-derived alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) and locally produced protease inhibitors normally protect the pulmonary epithelium from proteolytic attack, but tobacco smoke can inactivate these antiproteases by oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples lung surface components and most studies show that there is elevated elastolytic activity in smokers' BALF. Whether antiproteolytic capacity is reduced in these samples remains debatable. A selective lavage technique is described which independently samples central and peripheral epithelium from the same subject. Analysis demonstrates a protease-antiprotease imbalance which can differ in central and peripheral lavage and which could be significant in the development of obstructive airways disease. Therapeutic approaches include augmenting antiprotease potential using genetically engineered, oxidant-resistant alpha 1PI or synthetic peptide inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":12048,"journal":{"name":"European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement","volume":"153 ","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14448705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of drugs on cough. 药物对咳嗽的作用。

European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01

R S Irwin, F J Curley, M R Pratter

引用次数: 0