European Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Diminished prefrontal hemodynamic response in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a multi-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy study","authors":"Y. Zhang,&nbsp;M. Ran,&nbsp;X. Zhang,&nbsp;M. Wang,&nbsp;M. Wang,&nbsp;G. Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Adult ADHD is currently diagnosed based only on subjective clinical and scoring measures, which inevitably lead to a low correct diagnosis rate. Hence, an effective auxiliary examination with higher sensitivity is needed.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Twenty healthy controls (HC) subjects and 20 adults with ADHD were included in this study. The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) under verbal fluency test (VFT) was performed to detect cerebral cortex hemodynamics. Correlation and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to reveal the relationship between differences in hemodynamic response and clinical characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The HbO response of adult ADHD in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly smaller than that of HC. HbO concentration changes in the corresponding channels were negatively correlated with the ASRS-inattention score. HbO concentration changes of channels 16 and 26 corresponding to the medial PFC might be helpful for the diagnosis of adult ADHD.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Adult ADHD patients have low activation of the PFC, changes of whose corresponding channels were significantly associated with attention deficit, indicating that fNIRS under VFT may be an effective auxiliary examination for adult ADHD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 160-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50204182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High molar ratios of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) soluble receptors I and II to the TNF ligand in human plasma from male veterans with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)","authors":"T.I. Morales ,&nbsp;C.E. Stamper ,&nbsp;L.A. Brenner","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with chronic inflammation, as inferred from increased, but variable, peripheral levels of cytokines. We sought proof of concept for the notion that peripheral cytokine binding proteins and/or soluble receptors can confound measures of cytokines in those with a history of physical and psychological traumatic exposures. Efforts were focused on one of the major cytokines involved in inflammation, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We examined blood plasma concentrations of TNF-α, its soluble receptors (TNF-soluble receptors (sR) I and TNFsRII), and C-reactive protein (CRP-1) in a cohort of US Veterans. In a previous study, CRP-1 was shown to be reduced by probiotic anti-inflammatory treatment in this patient cohort. All participants (<em>n</em> = 22) were diagnosed with PTSD and had a history of mild TBI with persistent post-concussive symptoms. Exclusion criteria included medications directly targeting inflammation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Molar concentrations of soluble TNFsRI and II exceeded concentrations of the TNF-α ligand. TNFsRI, but not TNFsRII, was significantly associated with CRP-1 (Spearman Rho correlations = 0.518; <em>p</em>=.016 and 0.365; <em>p</em> = .104, respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>TNF soluble receptors may bind to and sequester free TNF-α, suggesting that only measuring ligand concentrations may not provide a fully comprehensive view of inflammation, and potentially lead to inaccurate conclusions. TNFsRI concentration may provide a better estimate of inflammation than TNF-α for those with PTSD and post-acute mTBI with post-concussive symptoms, a hypothesis that invites further testing in larger studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50204184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We need to talk science","authors":"Daniel Guinart MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Victor Perez-Solà MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 139-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50204185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide survivors. A population at risk","authors":"María Irigoyen-Otiñano ,&nbsp;Carla Albert-Porcar ,&nbsp;Cecilia Borrás ,&nbsp;Margarita Puigdevall-Ruestes ,&nbsp;Ana González-Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 199-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9829518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9099354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linguistic markers of demoralization improvement in schizophrenia: A pilot study","authors":"F. Folesani ,&nbsp;Martino Belvederi Murri ,&nbsp;C. Puggioni ,&nbsp;E. Tiberto ,&nbsp;M. Marella ,&nbsp;T. Toffanin ,&nbsp;L. Zerbinati ,&nbsp;M.G. Nanni ,&nbsp;R. Caruso ,&nbsp;D. Brunato ,&nbsp;A.A. Ravelli ,&nbsp;F. Dell'Orletta ,&nbsp;H.M. Chochinov ,&nbsp;L. Grassi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Individuals with schizophrenia display language impairments involving pragmatics, semantics and syntax. Language impairments may show diagnostic specificity and could relate to the ability of engaging in psychotherapy. This pilot study sought to: (1) identify linguistic features that might differentiate individuals with schizophrenia from distressed controls without psychotic symptoms; and (2) examine the association between linguistic abilities and clinical changes during psychotherapy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We recruited patients with schizophrenia and a comparison group of individuals with demoralization and distress due to cancer. Participants underwent Dignity Therapy (DT), an existentially-oriented brief psychotherapy focused on legacy and subjective dignity. Verbatim transcripts of the DT sessions were analysed using Natural Language Processing (NLP). In addition, we measured changes in levels of demoralization and dignity-related distress before and after DT, exploring the association with linguistic variables with network analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with schizophrenia could be differentiated from those with cancer-related distress using only three out of 141 linguistic variables: total number of words, number of prepositional chains and conversational elements. Across groups, better levels of discourse coherence and higher number of arguments controlled by a predicate (verb “arity”) were associated with larger improvements in demoralization and, indirectly, dignity-related distress.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Reproducible linguistic markers may be able to differentiate individuals with schizophrenia from those with less severe psychopathology, and to predict better uptake of psychotherapy independent from diagnosis. Future studies should explore whether linguistic features derived from NLP may be exploited as accessible diagnostic or prognostic markers to tailor psychotherapy and other interventions in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50204279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors promoting alliance quality: Differentiation of therapeutic alliance according to the formal aspects of the psychotherapeutic process and demographic variables","authors":"Tomasz Prusiński","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>The study's main aim was to determine which formal aspects of psychotherapy (therapist's work experience, number of sessions held, frequency of meetings, length of sessions) contributed to the quality of the therapeutic (working) alliance. The alliance was also analyzed for demographic variables.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The sample consisted of 428 participants, and the working alliance was evaluated in 262 psychotherapist–patient dyads. To assess its quality, the author used the full version of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The analyzes led to several conclusions. Their results indicate that the quality of working alliance increases if psychotherapy is conducted by an experienced specialist, if the frequency of sessions is high, and if the sessions are longer. They do not, however, pinpoint the demographic markers of therapeutic alliance quality.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The formal aspects of the psychotherapeutic process influence the quality of the working alliance. Alliance develops to an equal degree in people of different ages and with diverse levels of education, regardless of the presence or absence of close interpersonal relationships in their lives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 190-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50204186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical publishing: a flawed model in dire need of reform","authors":"N. Gupta ,&nbsp;S. Kapur","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2020.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2020.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, high-profile retractions of some papers published in prestigious medical journals have highlighted the necessity for structural reform to the current model of medical publishing. We discuss what ails the current system and what can be done to remedy it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 136-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2020.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9307213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the factors associated with suicide attempts among sexual-minority youth","authors":"Xavier Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Quan Gan ,&nbsp;Junwen Zhou ,&nbsp;Mireille Cosquer ,&nbsp;Bruno Falissard ,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Corruble ,&nbsp;Catherine Jousselme ,&nbsp;Florence Gressier","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Recent literature reported a higher risk of suicide attempts among sexual minority youth. Discovering the risk and protective factors of suicide attempts among this vulnerable population can play a key role in reducing the suicide rate. Our research aims to systematically search for the risk and protective factors for suicide attempts among sexual minority youth.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We have conducted a systematic review of published studies of associated factors for suicide attempts in sexual minority youth. Four databases up to 2020 were searched to find relevant studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twelve articles were included. For sexual minority youth, the identified risk factors associated with suicide attempts are early coming out, being unacceptable by families, dissatisfaction with sexual minority friendships, too few friends, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and bullying. The identified protective factors for suicide attempts are feeling safe at school, teacher support, anti-bullying policy, and other adult support.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Both risk and protective factors for suicide attempts stem directly from the environments in which youth grew up: family, school, and the internet. Effective preventive measures among sexual minority youth need to be developed and implemented. Societal-level anti-stigma interventions are needed to reduce the risk of victimization and awareness should be raised among family and friends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 72-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50201969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among patients presenting at a Parisian psychiatry University Hospital Group","authors":"F. El-Khoury,&nbsp;M. Cuenca,&nbsp;P. Niel,&nbsp;V. Dauriac-Le Masson","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2020.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2020.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among patients admitted to a Parisian psychiatric University Hospital Group (GHU).</p><p>A total of 548 patients were admitted to the GHU...s full-time psychiatric wards between April 6 and May 3 2020. More than 80% were tested. A total of 7 patients tested positive for the SARS-Cov-2 (1.3%), with 5 patients (in 92, 5.4%) testing positive in the first week.</p><p>GHU patients presented a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, even if all patients live in the hardest hit region in France. Social isolation and loneliness, as well as self-isolation of patients with symptoms could explain our results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 133-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2020.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9675892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of inflammation markers and severity of illness among patients with COVID-19, acute psychiatric disorders and comorbidity","authors":"Özgecan Tuna ,&nbsp;Cagatay Ermis ,&nbsp;Asli Enez Darcin ,&nbsp;Ekin Dagistan ,&nbsp;Serdar Salman","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Neutrophil, lymphocyte counts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, fibrinogen, and comorbid illness are associated with the course and prognosis of COVID-19. However, the course of acute severe psychiatric disorders overlapping with COVID-19 infection was not investigated and remained as an unclarified research area. This study aimed to demonstrate inflammatory markers and the course of patients suffering from both conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-eight inpatients with COVID-19 and comorbid acute psychiatric disorders (COVID-19+PD), 31 inpatients with COVID-19, and 38 inpatients with an acute psychiatric disorder (PD) were included in the study. Neutrophil, lymphocyte counts, serum ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, fibrinogen, Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared to evaluate inflammation levels.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection had older age compared to the PD group. CALL (Comorbidity, age, lymphocyte, lactate dehydrogenase) scores which predict the progression risk in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, of both COVID-19 groups were found similar. The COVID-19+PD had higher SII in the study sample. Additionally, the COVID-19+PD group had higher NLR, ferritin, and CRP levels than those of the PD group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The prognosis of COVID-19 is not worse when accompanied by a psychiatric disorder. Laboratory assessment can guide clinicians to distinguish those infected with SARS-CoV-2 within psychiatric inpatient units. The biochemical assessment did not robustly support higher inflammatory levels in the comorbid COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder group compared to the COVID-19 group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"37 2","pages":"Pages 125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8806143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9435137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}