European Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The effects of treatment as usual versus a computerized clinical decision aid on shared decision-making in the treatment of psychotic disorders","authors":"L.O. Roebroek ,&nbsp;J. Bruins ,&nbsp;A. Boonstra ,&nbsp;P.A. Delespaul ,&nbsp;S. Castelein","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>People with psychotic disorders can experience a lack of active involvement in their decisional process. Clinical decision aids are shared decision-making tools which are currently rarely used in mental healthcare. We examined the effects of Treatment E-Assist (TREAT), a computerized clinical decision aid in psychosis care, on shared decision-making and satisfaction with consultations as assessed by patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 187 patients with a psychotic disorder participated. They received either treatment as usual in the first phase (TAU1), TREAT in the second phase or treatment as usual in the third phase of the trial (TAU2). The Decisional Conflict Scale was used as primary outcome measure for shared decision-making and patient satisfaction as secondary outcome.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A linear mixed model analysis found no significant effects between TAU 1 (β = −0.54, SE = 2.01, <em>p</em> = 0.80) and TAU 2 (β = −1.66, SE = 2.63, <em>p</em> = 0.53) compared to TREAT on shared decision-making. High patient rated satisfaction with the consultations was found with no significant differences between TAU 1 (β = 1.48, SE = 1.14, <em>p</em> = 0.20) and TAU 2 (β = 2.26, SE = 1.33, <em>p</em> = 0.09) compared to TREAT.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We expected TREAT to enhance shared decision-making without decreasing satisfaction with consultations. However, no significant differences on shared decision-making or satisfaction with consultations were found. Our findings suggest that TREAT is safe to implement in psychosis care, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects on the decisional process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of antipsychotics on amino acid levels in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: A prospective study","authors":"X. Wang ,&nbsp;L. Wang ,&nbsp;Y. Xue ,&nbsp;Y. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p><span>Alterations in the molecular mechanisms of specific amino acids (AAs) may be implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). However, little is known about </span>antipsychotic drugs influence on levels of AAs. This study aimed to further explore antipsychotics' effects on AAs and serum lipid levels in first-episode SZ.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eighty subjects with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) criteria-defined SZ were enrolled. The levels of 31 AAs were measured in plasma samples using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>Ten AAs (i.e., citrulline, </span>sarcosine<span><span><span>, tyrosine, leucine<span>, proline<span>, hydroxyproline, </span></span></span>kynurenine<span>, tryptophan<span>, valine and isoleucine) were observed to be higher and three AAs (i.e., </span></span></span>GABA<span><span>, aminobutyric acid and asparaginic acid) were lower in 80 patients with first-episode SZ after various antipsychotics treatment<span>. In addition, there were 1 out of 31 AAs altered after olanzapine treatment and there were only 2 out of 31 AAs altered after </span></span>risperidone<span> treatment. Furthermore, serum triglyceride (TG) was markedly upregulated after olanzapine treatment, while </span></span></span></span>Apolipoprotein<span> A1 (ApoA1) was generally upregulated after risperidone treatment in patients with first-episode SZ.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Taken together, antipsychotic treatment can affect the plasma levels of AAs in patients with first-episode SZ, and olanzapine and risperidone have differential effects on the levels of AAs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138713384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of transition to schizophrenia and other long-lasting non-affective psychoses in first-episode patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders: A validation study","authors":"Álvaro López-Díaz ,&nbsp;José Luis Fernández-González ,&nbsp;Ignacio Lara ,&nbsp;Benedicto Crespo-Facorro ,&nbsp;Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Almost half of the individuals with a first-episode of psychosis who initially meet criteria for acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) will have had a diagnostic revision during their follow-up, mostly toward schizophrenia. This study aimed to determine the proportion of diagnostic transitions to schizophrenia and other long-lasting non-affective psychoses in patients with first-episode ATPD, and to examine the validity of the existing predictors for diagnostic shift in this population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We designed a prospective two-year follow-up study for subjects with first-episode ATPD. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent variables associated with diagnostic transition to persistent non-affective psychoses. This prediction model was built by selecting variables on the basis of clinical knowledge.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Sixty-eight patients with a first-episode ATPD completed the study and a diagnostic revision was necessary in 30 subjects at the end of follow-up, of whom 46.7% transited to long-lasting non-affective psychotic disorders. Poor premorbid adjustment and the presence of schizophreniform symptoms at onset of psychosis were the only variables independently significantly associated with diagnostic transition to persistent non-affective psychoses<strong>.</strong></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings would enable early identification of those inidividuals with ATPD at most risk for developing long-lasting non-affective psychotic disorders, and who therefore should be targeted for intensive preventive interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138475380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent association between the economic activity restriction due to health condition and mental illness: Finding from 15-year prospective cohort study","authors":"Jeong Min Yang ,&nbsp;Jae Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>The Economic Activity Restriction (EAR) due to health conditions is being utilized as a foundational measure for the European indicator Healthy Life Years (HLY). The EAR group is experiencing limitations not only in economic activities but also in overall activities, and it is a population with a high likelihood of transitioning to mental illness due to health condition. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between EAR and mental illness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the association between EAR due to health conditions and mental illness for those aged 45 and older in South Korea.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We obtained data from the 2006–2020 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. EAR was assessed using self-reported questionnaires based on the Global Activity Limitation Indicator. mental illness was assessed based on the diagnosis data for participants who had been diagnosed. After excluding missing values, the data of 9,574 participants were analyzed using the chi-square test, log-rank tests, and time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the association between EAR and mental illness.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of the 9,574 participants gathered at baseline, the mental illness rate was 4.8 %. The hazard ratio (HR) of mental illness in those in the “very probable” of EAR was 2.351 times higher (p-value &lt;0.0001) compared with “not at all” of EAR. In model 1 which includes under 64 years, HR of mental illness in “very probable” of EAR was 3.679 times higher (p-value: 0.000) and in “probable” of EAR was 2.535 time higher (p-value: 0.001) compared with “not at all” of EAR.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>If we provide opportunities to participate in community activities or provide the mental health promotion programs for middle-aged population who are experiencing EAR due to health condition, it is expected to prevent the deterioration of mental health and reduce the incidence of mental illness among the middle-aged Korean population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138475379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep features in alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of polysomnographic findings in case-control studies","authors":"Pingyuan Yang,&nbsp;Jiajun Weng,&nbsp;Xiao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is often linked to sleep problems, but previous studies on sleep abnormalities in AUD have produced inconsistent results. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of objectively measured sleep abnormalities in AUD and determine the impact of related and demographic factors on sleep disturbance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a comprehensive search of several databases from 1968 to 2023 to identify relevant studies. A total of 12 studies, consisting of 13 datasets, were included in the analysis. We extracted information on sleep microarchitecture, as well as demographic and clinical features, from each study. The GRADE approach was used to assess the reliability and strength of the evidence.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with AUD exhibited several sleep abnormalities, including longer sleep onset latency<span>, lower sleep efficiency, increased stage 1 sleep, decreased stage 2 sleep, reduced slow wave sleep, and elevated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep density and first REM minute. The sleep patterns in individuals with AUD were also influenced by factors such as ethnicity, age, gender, and abstinence period.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study is the largest quantitative assessment of impaired sleep as a diagnostic marker in patients<span> with AUD. Understanding the sleep patterns of individuals with AUD can assist clinicians in developing effective treatment plans for managing sleep-related symptoms associated with AUD.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138475381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the relationship between COVID-19 and suicide in media coverage through Natural Language Processing analysis","authors":"Hugo J. Bello ,&nbsp;Nora Palomar-Ciria ,&nbsp;Celia Lozano ,&nbsp;Carlos Gutiérrez-Alonso ,&nbsp;Enrique Baca-García","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Suicide is a major public health concern, media can influence its awareness, contagion, and prevention. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and suicide in media coverage through Natural Language Processing analysis (NPL).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To study how suicide is depicted in news media, Artificial Intelligence and Big Data techniques were used to analyze news and tweets, to extract or classify the topic to which they belonged.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A granger causality analysis showed with significant <em>p</em>-value that an increase in <em>covid</em> news at the beginning of the pandemic explains a later rise in suicide-related news. An analysis based on correlation and structural causal models show a strong relationship between the appearance of subjects “health” and “covid”, and also between “covid” and “suicide”.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our analysis also uncovers that the inclusion of suicide-related news in the category health has grown since the outbreak of the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an inflection point in the way suicide-related news are reported. Our study found that the increased media attention on suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic may indicate rising social awareness of suicide and mental health, which could lead to the development of new prevention tools.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50204603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of the association between family functioning and nonsuicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents with mood disorders","authors":"Changyuan Qiao ,&nbsp;Jian Lin ,&nbsp;Jialing Huang ,&nbsp;Linqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Yanchao Huang ,&nbsp;Yushan Shang ,&nbsp;Qixiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Xie ,&nbsp;Changchun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>This study explored the correlation between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and family functioning among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with mood disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 142 participants were clinically assessed for NSSI, with 85 in the NSSI group and 57 in the non-NSSI group. The correlation between NSSI and family functioning was compared and a regression prediction model was constructed to determine the risk probability of NSSI.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A significant association was found between family functioning and NSSI (<em>P</em> = 0.017). The correlation between adolescents with NSSI and gender, communication, affective responsiveness, and behaviour control was statistically significant. A nomogram graph and ROC curve were constructed, with an AUC of 0.772.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings support the notion that family functioning is associated with a higher risk for NSSI among adolescents with mood disorders. Furthermore, gender, communication, affective responsiveness, and behaviour control may be contributing factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50204908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between pain and psychiatric conditions in adolescents: The impact of gender and ADHD diagnosis","authors":"S. Lundqvist ,&nbsp;N. Kerekes","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>The relationship between pain and psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents has been understudied. This study aimed to investigate the influence of gender on the association between pain and psychiatric diagnoses, as well as the specific relationship between pain and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in a sample of adolescents from the general population. Additionally, the study explored whether pain frequency or intensity in individuals with ADHD was influenced by coexisting psychiatric disorders and ADHD medications.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study included 1608 conveniently sampled Swedish upper secondary school students aged 15–19 years. Data were collected at the end of 2020 using the electronic \"Mental and Somatic Health without borders\" survey.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A significant positive association (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) was observed between pain frequency, intensity, and the presence of any psychiatric diagnosis. Female adolescents reported more frequent and intensive pain in the groups with or without any psychiatric diagnosis and in those with ADHD, however the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis had a comparatively lesser impact on pain frequency in females when compared to males. In adolescents with ADHD, pain frequency, but not intensity, showed a significant further increase. Moreover, the presence of coexisting depression and/or anxiety further heightened the association between pain frequency and ADHD. Notably, common ADHD medications did not have a significant impact on pain experiences. Headache emerged as the most prevalent type of pain across all groups of adolescents. Back pain specifically appeared as the next most common type of pain among adolescents with ADHD.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings suggest a positive association between pain and the presence of psychiatric diagnoses, including ADHD, in adolescents. Gender modified this association. Back pain arised specifically coupled to ADHD. Common ADHD medications did not show a significant impact on pain experiences in this study. These results highlight the importance of a holistic approach to child and adolescent care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50204909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is palatal rugae a specific marker of dysmorphogenesis in patients with schizophrenia?","authors":"O. Oflezer ,&nbsp;C. Oflezer ,&nbsp;Z.D. Gürbüz ,&nbsp;H. Bahadir ,&nbsp;Ö.E. Çiçek ,&nbsp;E. Kurt","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p><span>Supporting the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are markers of abnormalities in early fetal development. The mouth seems to be a common region for the occurrence of MPAs </span>in patients<span><span> with schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare the palatal rugae patterns, according to their length, shape, and orientation, between patients with schizophrenia and controls in a blinded fashion. The palatal rugae patterns were also evaluated by sex, as its effect on </span>neurodevelopment was relevant.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Dental stone models were fabricated from maxilla impressions of patients with schizophrenia (</span><em>N</em> = 105) and controls (<em>N</em> = 105). Based on their lengths, three types of palatal rugae were classified; primary, secondary, and fragmentary. Primary rugae were further categorized according to their shape and direction.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The most detected palatal rugae were the primary ones in both groups. The primary, secondary, and fragmentary rugae numbers in both groups were no different. There were significant differences in the shape and orientation of the primary rugae between the two groups. Curved (OR:1.76, <em>p</em> = 0.006), island (OR:2.97, <em>p</em> = 0.001) and nonspecific (OR:5.44, <em>p</em> = 0.004) primary rugae shape were found to be significant predictive variables for schizophrenia. Randomly oriented rugae numbers were higher in schizophrenics than controls (<em>p</em> = 0.018). The two sexes had different preferences in primary rugae shapes and directions compared to same-sex controls in patients with schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Identifying subtle changes in the primary rugae pattern, which appear to be sex-specific, is consistent with impaired neurodevelopment in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50204907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Claudin-5, occludin, zonulin and tricellulin levels of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Hurşit Ferahkaya ,&nbsp;Ömer Faruk Akça ,&nbsp;Tamer Baysal ,&nbsp;İbrahim Kılınç","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p><span>Accumulating studies have pointed out that gut-blood and blood-brain barrier dysfunctions due to the alterations in permeability may play a role in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Tight junctions are crucial components of these barriers and some peptides including claudin-5, </span>occludin<span>, zonulin and tricellulin are important components of these structures. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between these molecules and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 57 children with ADHD and 60 controls aged between 6 and 12 years were included in the study. The severity of ADHD symptoms was assessed through a parent-rated questionnaire, and Conner's Continuous Performance Test<span> was administered to the study group. Serum levels of biochemical variables were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Biochemical parameter levels and scale scores were compared using Mann-Whitney U or Student's t tests<span>. In addition, a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed on the outcome variables. Finally, a hierarchical regression model was conducted on the study group.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Serum claudin-5 and tricellulin levels were significantly lower in the ADHD group compared to the control group. The difference between the groups in terms of serum claudin-5 and tricellulin levels remained significant after controlling for confounding factors such as age, gender and autistic characteristics. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of serum zonulin and occludin levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results reveal that claudin-5 and tricellulin levels vary in patients with ADHD. Alterations in these peptides may affect the brain by leading to a dysregulation in intestinal or blood-brain barrier permeability. The causal relationship between these peptides and ADHD requires further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50204906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}