Wen-Long Song , Min Li , Zi-Qi Wang , Shuang-Lin Chen
{"title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of three species in Perichaena sensu lato (Myxomycetes = Myxogastria) from China","authors":"Wen-Long Song , Min Li , Zi-Qi Wang , Shuang-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After <em>Gulielmina</em> was erected and <em>Ophiotheca</em> was resurrected based on some species originally included in <em>Perichaena</em> (Trichiaceae, Trichiales, Myxomyxetes), some specimens from the Herbarium of Fungi of Nanjing Normal University previously identified as <em>Perichaena</em> species were reexamined from morphological and two-gene (nuclear 18S rDNA and elongation factor-1 alpha) phylogenetic perspectives. In this study, two new myxomycete species, <em>Gulielmina subreticulospora</em> and <em>Ophiotheca dictyospora</em>, are described. <em>Gulielmina subreticulospora</em> shows the following character combination: branched plasmodiocarps, single peridium with circular protrusions in the inner surface, capillitium (2.4–)2.8–3.0(–3.4) μm in diameter, spores (7.4–)8.0–8.5(–9.0) μm in diameter and sub-reticulated. <em>Ophiotheca dictyospora</em> shows the following character combination: sessile sporocarps to short plasmodiocarps, single peridium with a densely irregular network and protrusions in the inner surface, capillitium (2.7–)3.5–5.0(–7.1) μm in diameter, uneven, decorated with spines of uneven size, spores (7.7–)8.2–8.6(–9.4) μm in diameter including obviously complete cristate reticulation with serrated edges, with deep and clear grids. Both new taxa were compared with related species and their genetic isolation was statistically tested. Moreover, a comprehensive morphological description and a detailed figure plate are provided for <em>Perichaena verrucifera</em>, and its phylogenetic position is determined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141394200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingxuan Luo , Junqi Guo , Yu Hu , Jiamei Jiang , Hongbo Pan
{"title":"Coleps shanghaiensis n. sp. challenges the validity of the genus Levicoleps (Cilophora, Prostomatida)","authors":"Lingxuan Luo , Junqi Guo , Yu Hu , Jiamei Jiang , Hongbo Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Coleps</em> is a common genus of pelagic ciliates in freshwater and brackish water habitats. Classification and phylogeny of <em>Coleps</em> species are, however, still full of confusion. In this study, we investigated <em>Coleps shanghaiensis</em> n. sp., collected from a river in Shanghai, China, by living observation, protargol staining, and molecular methods. <em>Coleps shanghaiensis</em> is about 70–90 µm × 35–55 µm in size, has a barrel-shaped body with three posterior spines, and possesses 21–24 ciliary rows, each composed of two perioral dikinetids and 19–22 monokinetids, and six caudal cilia. In SSU rRNA gene phylogenies, <em>C. shanghaiensis</em> fell within the clade of subspecies of <em>Levicoleps biwae</em>, which questions the validity of the genus <em>Levicoleps</em>. Furthermore, the biogeography of the genus <em>Coleps</em> is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141392645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protists in science communication","authors":"Álmos Becz , Federico Buonanno , Gabriele Achille , Claudio Ortenzi , Sabine Wanzenböck , Alan Warren , Bettina Sonntag","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite their high abundance and wide distribution in ecosystems, most protists remain unknown to the public. Although science communication approaches were developed in historical times to raise public awareness of these ‘enigmatic’ taxa, many aspects have not been considered in the spotlight of modern techniques. We present selected ideas and activities on how to attract the public to unicellular eukaryotes. We give examples of how protists can be included in educational work. We explain that trained non-experts can understand and teach others how to recognize protists, where they live, in which habitats they can be found, what they look like and why they are important. Consequently, members of the public can learn how environmental threats impact not only the lives of protists but also ours, e.g., by the accumulation of microplastics through an aquatic food web, up to fish used for human consumption. We suggest age-appropriate methods for application in workshops on protist recognition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Franciane Cedrola , Gözde Gürelli , Marcus Vinicius Xavier Senra , Millke Jasmine Arminini Morales , Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias , Vera Nisaka Solferini
{"title":"Phylogenomics corroborates morphology: New discussions on the systematics of Trichostomatia (Ciliophora, Litostomatea)","authors":"Franciane Cedrola , Gözde Gürelli , Marcus Vinicius Xavier Senra , Millke Jasmine Arminini Morales , Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias , Vera Nisaka Solferini","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The subclass Trichostomatia (Ciliophora, Litostomatea) constitutes a well-supported monophyletic group, which includes ciliates exclusively found as symbionts of vertebrates, primarily herbivorous mammals. Recent molecular analyses reinforce the subclass monophyly, though almost all orders, suborders, families, and genera are found to be non-monophyletic. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the subclass Trichostomatia using a phylogenomic approach and discussed some systematic inconsistencies. We propose a new Ophryoscolecidae genus, <em>Dagostonium</em>, to include <em>Diplodinium polygonale</em>. <em>Monoposthium cynodontum</em> is transferred to the genus <em>Cycloposthium</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mireya Ramírez-Ballesteros , Carlos Alberto Durán-Ramírez , Victor Manuel Romero-Niembro , Rosaura Mayén-Estrada
{"title":"Epibiotic ciliate communities on the crayfish Procambarus (Austrocambarus) sp. cultivated in a rustic aquaculture in southern Mexico","authors":"Mireya Ramírez-Ballesteros , Carlos Alberto Durán-Ramírez , Victor Manuel Romero-Niembro , Rosaura Mayén-Estrada","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rustic aquaculture systems represent a sustainable production alternative in the world, providing appropriate conditions for the establishment of epibiotic ciliates on crayfish. However, the impact of epibiotic ciliates on the aquaculture production has been insufficiently studied hitherto. The objective of this work was to identify the epibiotic ciliates on the surface of the crayfish <em>Procambarus</em> (<em>Austrocambarus</em>) sp. and analyze whether there is any correlation between seasonality and environmental conditions in an artificial pond in Chiapas, Mexico. The crayfish were collected during dry and rainy seasons to investigate their ciliate epibionts. Some physical and chemical parameters of the sampled water were measured and correlation matrix analyses were applied to detect possible relationships between the presence of ciliates and environmental parameters. Thirteen species belonging to the subclasses Peritrichia and Suctoria were identified. Significant differences were found for some environmental parameters and species recorded in both seasons. The present data could help to better understand the relationship bewteen the epibiotic ciliate community on crayfish and some environmental parameters in aquaculture systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0932473924000427/pdfft?md5=dc80aed5afbf09a1a85de88df3b7fa77&pid=1-s2.0-S0932473924000427-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniele Corsaro , Martin Mrva , Philippe Colson , Julia Walochnik
{"title":"Validation and redescription of Acanthamoeba terricola Pussard, 1964 (Amoebozoa: Acanthamoebidae)","authors":"Daniele Corsaro , Martin Mrva , Philippe Colson , Julia Walochnik","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Acanthamoeba castellanii</em> (Douglas, 1930) Page, 1967 is the type species of a widespread genus of free-living amoebae, potentially pathogenic for humans and animals. The Neff strain is one of the most widely used in biological research, serving as a model for both <em>A. castellanii</em> and the whole genus in general. The Neff strain, isolated in California, closely resembles another strain found in France and originally described as a separate species, <em>Acanthamoeba terricola</em> Pussard, 1964, but both were successively synonymized with <em>A. castellanii</em>. Molecular sequence analysis has largely replaced morphological diagnosis for species identification in <em>Acanthamoeba</em>, and rDNA phylogenies show that the Neff strain forms a distinct lineage from that of the type strain of <em>A. castellanii</em>. In this study, we compared the type strain of <em>A. terricola</em> with the Neff strain and <em>A. castellanii</em>, and analysed the available molecular data including new sequences obtained from <em>A. terricola</em>. Here we provide molecular evidence to validate the species <em>A. terricola</em>. The Neff strain is therefore transferred to <em>A. terricola</em> and should no longer be considered as belonging to <em>A. castellanii</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141031470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro Berlinches de Gea , Stefan Geisen , Franka Grootjans , Rutger A. Wilschut , Arne Schwelm
{"title":"Species-specific predation determines the feeding impacts of six soil protist species on bacterial and eukaryotic prey","authors":"Alejandro Berlinches de Gea , Stefan Geisen , Franka Grootjans , Rutger A. Wilschut , Arne Schwelm","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predatory protists play a central role in nutrient cycling and are involved in other ecosystem functions by predating the microbiome. While most soil predatory protist species arguably are bacterivorous, some protist species can prey on eukaryotes. However, studies about soil protist feeding mainly focused on bacteria as prey and rarely tested both bacteria and eukaryotes as potential prey. In this study, we aimed to decipher soil predator–prey interactions of three amoebozoan and three heterolobosean soil protists and potential bacterial (<em>Escherichia coli</em>; 0.5–1.5 µm), fungal (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>; 5–7 µm) and protist (<em>Plasmodiophora brassicae</em>; 3–5 µm) prey, either as individual prey or in all their combinations. We related protist performance (relative abundance) and prey consumption (qPCR) to the protist phylogenetic group and volume. We showed that for the six soil protist predators, the most suitable prey was <em>E. coli</em>, but some species also grew on <em>P. brassicae</em> or <em>S. cerevisiae</em>. While protist relative abundances and growth rates depended on prey type in a protist species-specific manner, phylogenetic groups and volume affected prey consumption. Yet we conclude that protist feeding patterns are mainly species-specific and that some known bacterivores might be more generalist than expected, even preying on eukaryotic plant pathogens such as <em>P. brassicae</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0932473924000403/pdfft?md5=5230387304ec9b0524af064607d4f01f&pid=1-s2.0-S0932473924000403-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huilin Guo , Qiping Zhao , Haixia Wang, Shunhai Zhu, Hui Dong, Xinrui Xie, Lihui Wang, Lang Chen, Hongyu Han
{"title":"Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Eimeria tenella ankyrin repeat-containing protein","authors":"Huilin Guo , Qiping Zhao , Haixia Wang, Shunhai Zhu, Hui Dong, Xinrui Xie, Lihui Wang, Lang Chen, Hongyu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chicken coccidiosis causes disastrous losses to the poultry industry all over the world. <em>Eimeria tenella</em> is the most prevalent of these disease-causing species. Our former RNA-seq indicated that <em>E. tenella</em> ankyrin repeat-containing protein (<em>Et</em>ANK) was expressed differently between drug-sensitive (DS) and drug-resistant strains. In this study, we cloned <em>Et</em>ANK and analyzed its translational and transcriptional levels using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting. The data showed that <em>Et</em>ANK was significantly upregulated in diclazuril-resistant (DZR) strain and maduramicin-resistant (MRR) strain compared with the drug-sensitive (DS) strain. In addition, the transcription levels in the DZR strains isolated from the field were higher than in the DS strain. The translation levels of <em>Et</em>ANK were higher in unsporulated oocysts (UO) than in sporozoites (SZ), sporulated oocysts (SO), or second-generation merozoites (SM), and the protein levels in SM were significantly higher than in UO, SO, and SZ. The results of the indirect immunofluorescence localization showed that the protein was distributed mainly at the anterior region of SZ and on the surface and in the cytoplasm of SM. The fluorescence intensity increased further with its development in vitro. An anti-r<em>Et</em>ANK polyclonal antibody inhibited the invasive ability of <em>E. tenella</em> in DF-1 cells. These results showed that <em>Et</em>ANK may be related to host cell invasion, required for the parasite’s growth in the host, and may be involved in the development of <em>E. tenella</em> resistance to some drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ran Li , Wenbao Zhuang , Xiaochen Feng , Xiaoxuan Zhu , Xiaozhong Hu
{"title":"Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three Parasonderia species including a new species (Ciliophora, Plagiopylea)","authors":"Ran Li , Wenbao Zhuang , Xiaochen Feng , Xiaoxuan Zhu , Xiaozhong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ciliates of the class Plagiopylea play a vital role in various anaerobic environments as consumers of prokaryotes. Yet, the diversity and phylogeny of this group of ciliates, especially marine representatives, remain poorly known. In this study, three <em>Parasonderia</em> species, viz., <em>Parasonderia elongata</em> spec. nov., and the already known <em>P. cyclostoma</em> and <em>P. vestita</em>, discovered in anaerobic sediments from various intertidal zones in China, were investigated based on their living morphology, infraciliature, and small subunit ribosomal rRNA gene sequences. <em>Parasonderia elongata</em> can be recognized by its larger body size, elongated body shape, oval oral opening, number of oral kineties, and significantly shortened leftmost postbuccal polykineties on the cell surface. Improved diagnosis and redescription of <em>P. cyclostoma</em> is provided for the first time, including data on infraciliature and molecular sequence. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the three species cluster together and with the sequence of a Chinese population of <em>P. vestita</em> already present in the GenBank database, forming a robust clade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of a new soil ciliate, Lamtostyla paravitiphila nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)","authors":"Tengteng Zhang , Furui Lu , Xiaoqing Yang, Yurui Wang, Chen Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The morphology and morphogenesis of <em>Lamtostyla paravitiphila</em> nov. spec<em>.</em>, a novel soil hypotrichous ciliate collected from eastern China, were investigated based on live observations and protargol-stained specimens. The new species is morphologically characterized as follows: seven to twelve macronuclear nodules, cortical granules absent, 19–26 adoral membranelles, three or four frontoventral cirri, the amphisiellid median cirral row extends to about mid-body and composed of 12–18 cirri, two or three transverse cirri, 27–39 left and 30–41 right marginal cirri, three almost bipolar dorsal kineties. Morphogenetically, it is characterized by the initial formation of six frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen as primary primordia. Notably, the amphisiellid median cirral row and the posterior frontoventral cirrus (or cirri) contribute to the development of the frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen, while the buccal cirrus may not participate in this process. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data indicate that the <em>Lamtostyla</em> species with available molecular data do not form a monophyletic group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12042,"journal":{"name":"European journal of protistology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}