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The Reception of Darwin 对达尔文的接受
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II Pub Date : 2019-09-19 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0028
D. Fergusson
{"title":"The Reception of Darwin","authors":"D. Fergusson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0028","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific consensus in favour of evolution generated some challenges for Scottish theology after the publication of The Origin of Species in 1859. Yet, despite some initial attempts to resist Darwinism on both scientific and scriptural grounds, theologians soon came to make their peace with evolutionary theory. Arguments for creation, providence, and human uniqueness were rehearsed alongside acknowledgement of gradual evolution, the descent of species from common origins, and extinction of earlier life forms. The design argument continued to be defended but in ways that suggested a sharper distinction between scientific and religious explanation. This is explored with reference to a body of literature that appeared for the most part in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The work of Rainy, Flint, Drummond, Calderwood, and Iverach is examined. In conclusion, the theological significance of evolutionary approaches to the study of religion itself is noted.","PeriodicalId":120315,"journal":{"name":"The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II","volume":"45 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120899342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hume amongst the Theologians 休谟在神学家中
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II Pub Date : 2019-09-19 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0021
D. Fergusson
{"title":"Hume amongst the Theologians","authors":"D. Fergusson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"The doyen of the Scottish Enlightenment, David Hume (1711–76) was notable for the religious scepticism evident in his writings, particularly the posthumously published masterpiece The Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. This chapter explores a series of responses to Hume from theologians and religiously inclined philosophers in his native land from the eighteenth to the twentieth century. These are grouped into three categories—the rejection of Hume as a ‘dangerous infidel’, the affirmation of Hume as the catalyst for a more rationally grounded philosophical theology, and the conviction that Hume is a sceptic of perennial religious worth. Finally, Hume’s philosophical style is commended to contemporary audiences.","PeriodicalId":120315,"journal":{"name":"The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129153179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Calvinist Paradox in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Literature 十八、十九世纪文学中的加尔文主义悖论
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II Pub Date : 2019-09-19 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0016
A. Jack
{"title":"The Calvinist Paradox in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Literature","authors":"A. Jack","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between theology and literature in Scotland from the mid eighteenth to the late nineteenth century is explored in this chapter through a consideration of the writing of Robert Burns, Susan Ferrier, Catherine Sinclair, and Margaret Oliphant. All are authors whose work has undergone re-appraisal in terms of its status and the way it reflects religious themes from a Reformed perspective. Four aspects of theological interest are covered: the significance of denominational allegiance; the tension between the influence of the family home and the ministry of the church on religious belief; the role of eschatology in literature; and the appropriateness of literature as a vehicle for theological instruction and debate. The writers under discussion offer contrasting, critical, yet committed insights into these areas which contribute to our understanding of contemporary theological debates.","PeriodicalId":120315,"journal":{"name":"The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116756959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Philosophy and Theology in the Mid-Eighteenth Century 18世纪中期的哲学和神学
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II Pub Date : 2019-09-19 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0005
Thomas Ahnert
{"title":"Philosophy and Theology in the Mid-Eighteenth Century","authors":"Thomas Ahnert","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Near the end of his Enquiry concerning Human Understanding David Hume declared that the ‘best and most solid foundation’ of divinity and theology was ‘faith and divine revelation’. Many other passages can be found where Hume uses similar fideist arguments to criticize the application of philosophical reason to religious questions. The question addressed in this chapter is how Hume’s criticism of the use of philosophy in religious and theological argument compares to the beliefs of his contemporaries on the same subject. In particular, it examines his intellectual relationship with the two main groups within the mid-eighteenth-century Presbyterian Kirk, the ‘Orthodox’ and the ‘Moderates’. Claiming that the fideist language used by Hume was not as similar to the position of orthodox Presbyterians as has sometimes been suggested, the chapter also argues that Hume’s sceptical, fideist arguments about philosophy and religion were closer to the beliefs of these Moderates, including Hutcheson, Leechman, Robertson, and Blair, than has often been realized. Nevertheless, they and Hume differed significantly in their explanations for the emergence of religious belief in human societies.","PeriodicalId":120315,"journal":{"name":"The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131178446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Theology, Slavery, and Abolition 1756–1848 神学、奴隶制和废奴(1756-1848
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0014
I. Whyte
{"title":"Theology, Slavery, and Abolition 1756–1848","authors":"I. Whyte","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The seventeenth-century Court of Session cases involving slaves in Scotland saw extensive use of Scripture on both sides, and the issue of Christian baptism was more significant north of the border. Scottish petitions to Parliament against the slave trade emphasized divine wrath and national guilt. The sinfulness of enslavement was generally accepted in the Church despite the widespread profits from slavery, but by the 1830s a key call from a leading minister for immediate abolition replaced the cautious gradual approach, hitherto accepted in the churches. After the abolition of slavery in the British Empire, attention turned to America in the 1840s. Support for the new Free Church from Northern and Southern States led to a nationwide campaign to ‘Send Back the Money’ and have no fellowship with slaveholders, led largely by Presbyterian Secessionists and Quaker abolitionists.","PeriodicalId":120315,"journal":{"name":"The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126874667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Trends 新趋势
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0017
Andrew Purves
{"title":"New Trends","authors":"Andrew Purves","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"New trends in Scottish theology emerged in the late 1820s. These are associated with Thomas Erskine of Linlathen, Edward Irving, and John McLeod Campbell. Reflecting the influence of Romanticism, these theologians moved away from rationalist approaches to Christian faith, with stress on personal experience, the love of God, and filial relations especially between the Father and the Son. Because of their new ways of thinking, Irving and McLeod Campbell were deposed from the ministry. McLeod Campbell rewrote the doctrine of the atonement, with stress on the love of God, introduced the novel idea of the prospective aspect, and advanced a robust view of assurance. These theologians continue to be read, extending their influence into contemporary discussion.","PeriodicalId":120315,"journal":{"name":"The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134502241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Episcopalian Theology 1689–c.1900 圣公会神学1689 - 1900年
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0019
Rowan Strong
{"title":"Episcopalian Theology 1689–c.1900","authors":"Rowan Strong","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter examines the principal developments in the emergence of the Scottish Episcopal Church from the end of the Stuart monarchy in 1689, when Episcopalians began to be ejected as non-jurors from the Church of Scotland to the end of the nineteenth century. It concentrates on those aspects of theology which particularly marked out these Scots as Episcopalians, especially in liturgy, the Eucharist and sacraments, episcopacy, and Jacobitism. While reviewing the development of a separate ecclesiastical and theological identity in these two centuries, the chapter also explores some of the internal theological differences between Episcopalians. External theological influences and connections from England over this period, principally from High Church, Oxford Movement Anglicanism, and Evangelicalism, are also examined.","PeriodicalId":120315,"journal":{"name":"The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Influence of the Scots Colleges in Paris, Rome, and Spain 苏格兰学院对巴黎、罗马和西班牙的影响
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0011
Tom McInally
{"title":"The Influence of the Scots Colleges in Paris, Rome, and Spain","authors":"Tom McInally","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Following the imposition of the Penal Laws in Scotland, colleges were established in Europe specifically for Scots Catholics. Mainly directed by Jesuits, the education provided was in compliance with the precepts laid down by the Council of Trent and conformed to the Scholasticism of Thomas Aquinas. The Jesuit curriculum, Ratio Studiorum, detailed every aspect of teaching and was renowned for its excellence and rigour. Secular priests ran the college in Paris using a similar curriculum; however, in the eighteenth century it lost some of its effectiveness due to Jansenism. Scots Benedictines used Scholastic teaching in their seminary in Regensburg before they became involved in the Enlightenment movement, making significant contributions to education and science in Germany. In the first two centuries of their existence the colleges educated over two thousand students who supported the Mission in Scotland while contributing to the intellectual life of their homeland and abroad.","PeriodicalId":120315,"journal":{"name":"The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114692165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Natural and Revealed Theology in Hill and Chalmers 希尔和查尔默斯的自然神学和启示神学
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0013
M. Elliott
{"title":"Natural and Revealed Theology in Hill and Chalmers","authors":"M. Elliott","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"George Hill (1750–1819), a member of the Whig establishment, Principal of St Mary’s College, St Andrews and long-time leader of the Moderate Party at the General Assembly expressed a cautious and conservative theology that was pragmatic and even progressive in its application. He stressed the applicative doctrines that had moral force, such as the Atonement, and if not determinist, then at least a monist vision of the universe. Hill’s most famous pupil, Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847), for all his evangelical formation, from his time as Professor of Moral Philosophy at St Andrews to his spell as Professor of Theology at Edinburgh University then the Free Church College after the Disruption of 1843, held to a solid baseline of a rational religion to which was added an emphasis on the doctrine of sin and a need to receive the atoning work of Christ by faith and to be sanctified. This was to be enabled by preaching to all, without expecting that all will react with sufficient personal faith for salvation. As with Hill, the Bible alone was the guide to truth.","PeriodicalId":120315,"journal":{"name":"The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116832647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
As Open as Possible 尽可能开放
The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0025
W. Storrar
{"title":"As Open as Possible","authors":"W. Storrar","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759348.003.0025","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter draws on recent scholarship on the architect Alexander Thomson, and more briefly on the ecologist Patrick Geddes and the Liberal Young Scots Society, to examine the public significance of churchgoing in the modern history of Scottish theology and society. It asks whether it is possible to speak of a Presbyterian modernity during Scotland’s long nineteenth century by considering the public lives of these lay members of the dissenting Presbyterian churches in the Victorian and Edwardian era who transposed the theological ideas of their ecclesial milieu into the urban buildings, intellectual climate, and liberal politics of a modern industrial society.","PeriodicalId":120315,"journal":{"name":"The History of Scottish Theology, Volume II","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132384421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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