European Journal of Pain最新文献

{"title":"Predictive validity of the STarT Back screening tool among older adults with back pain","authors":"Ørjan Nesse Vigdal,&nbsp;Solveig Flugstad,&nbsp;Kjersti Storheim,&nbsp;Rikke Munk Killingmo,&nbsp;Margreth Grotle","doi":"10.1002/ejp.2281","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejp.2281","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The predictive validity of the STarT Back screening tool among older adults is uncertain. This study aimed to assess the predictive validity of the SBT among older adults in primary care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective cohort study included 452 patients aged ≥55 years seeking Norwegian primary care with a new episode of back pain. A poor outcome (persistent disabling back pain) was defined as a score of ≥7/24 on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) at 3, 6 or 12 months of follow-up. The ability of the SBT risk groups to identify persistent disabling back pain was assessed with multivariable logistic regression, area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), and with the accuracy measures sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for persistent disabling back pain were 2.40 (1.34–4.30) at 3 months, 3.42 (1.76–6.67) at 6 months and 2.81 (1.47–5.38) at 12 months for the medium-risk group (<i>n</i> = 118), and 8.90 (1.83–43.24), 2.66 (0.81–8.67) and 4.53 (1.24–16.46) for the high-risk group (<i>n</i> = 27), compared to the low-risk group (<i>n</i> = 282). There were no statistically significant differences in odds between the medium- and high-risk groups at any time point. AUC values (95% CI) were 0.65 (0.59–0.71), 0.67 (0.60–0.73) and 0.65 (0.58–0.71) at 3, 6 and 12 months. Accuracy measures were poor at all time points, with particularly poor sensitivity and negative likelihood ratio values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The predictive validity of the SBT risk groups in predicting persistent disabling back pain in older adults was poor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance Statement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study found that the STarT Back screening tool had poor predictive validity among older adults and that it may need recalibration or extension before widespread implementation among older adults. Having valid tools for this population may aid clinicians with allocating scarce healthcare resources, which is especially important considering the rapidly ageing population and its expected challenge to the healthcare systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12021,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pain","volume":"28 9","pages":"1559-1570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.2281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Credibility, readability and content analysis of treatment recommendations for adolescents with nonspecific back pain published on consumer websites","authors":"S. D. Hauber,&nbsp;K. Robinson,&nbsp;R. Fechner,&nbsp;J. W. Pate,&nbsp;K. O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1002/ejp.2282","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejp.2282","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Parents may seek out health information online when their adolescent has nonspecific back pain to better understand treatment options. Such information directed towards consumers has not been previously analysed.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A descriptive cross-sectional content analysis was performed to describe the treatments recommended on consumer websites for nonspecific back pain in adolescents. The credibility and readability of the websites were also assessed. Systematic Google searches were completed in five countries, and relevant content from eligible web pages was analysed. An a priori codebook with 34 treatment-related codes was developed. Nine additional codes were inductively created during analysis. Credibility was assessed using the JAMA benchmark. Readability was assessed via the Flesch Kincaid Grade Level.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Of 245 web pages, 48 were deemed eligible and analysed. Of 43 treatment codes, 37 were present in at least one web page. The five most frequently identified codes were See the doctor/get a diagnosis (found on 85% of web pages), Ergonomics/posture/biomechanics (52%), Reassurance (48%), Physiotherapy (48%) and Non-prescription pharmaceuticals/supplements (46%). Only 21% of the web pages met all four JAMA benchmark criteria, and 15% cited at least one recent or high-quality source. The median Flesch Kincaid Grade Level score was 9.0 (range 3.5–12.9).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Parents of adolescents with nonspecific back pain may find that treatment recommendations published online are numerous and varied, with visits to the doctor encouraged. The credibility scores of these web pages are generally low, while the median reading level may be too high for the general population.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Significance Statement&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This analysis reveals that public-facing websites with recommendations for treating adolescent nonspecific back pain do not cite the most recent, high-quality research. Although web pages correctly encourage physical activity and exercise over surgery and prescription medications, they do not reflect the psychologically informed or interdisciplinary care emphasized in recently published treatment recommendations. Clinicians must be aware that caregivers of their adolescent patients with nonspecific back pain may be exposed to online messages that encourage them to keep seeki","PeriodicalId":12021,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pain","volume":"28 9","pages":"1571-1584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.2282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden gains in depression and anxiety during an online pain management programme for chronic pain","authors":"Madelyne A. Bisby,&nbsp;Ashleigh B. Correa,&nbsp;Rachel Trujillo,&nbsp;Joanne Dudeney,&nbsp;Blake F. Dear","doi":"10.1002/ejp.2280","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejp.2280","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic pain is associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Pain management programms, delivered face-to-face or via the internet, can effectively help adults manage the impacts of chronic pain. Sudden gains are defined as substantial, rapid, and lasting symptom reductions that occur between consecutive treatment sessions and have been associated with better treatment outcomes in non-pain samples. This study examined whether adults with chronic pain report sudden gains in depression or anxiety symptoms during an 8-week online pain management programme, and whether sudden gains were associated with better treatment outcomes for depression or anxiety. Dominant theories of sudden gains argue that therapists are required for sudden gains to be maintained and improve treatment outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from a published randomized controlled trial (<i>n</i> = 338), sudden gains and treatment outcomes were compared across three levels of therapist guidance provided alongside the programme: weekly, optional, and self-guided.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Similar rates of sudden gains were observed in depression (22%) and anxiety (24%) across the treatment period, and most sudden gains occurred between Weeks 1 and 2 of treatment. Therapist guidance was not associated with sudden gains; higher baseline symptom severity emerged as the only consistent predictor of sudden gain status. No significant differences in treatment outcomes for depression or anxiety symptoms between sudden gainers and non-gainers were observed across therapist guidance conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results do not support an association between sudden gains in depression or anxiety symptoms and better post-treatment outcomes, at least for adults with chronic pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance Statement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sudden gains in depression and anxiety symptoms were not associated with improved treatment outcomes for adults with chronic pain who participated in an online pain management programme, regardless of the level of therapist guidance provided. These findings suggest possible differences in symptom change in chronic pain samples compared to general population samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12021,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pain","volume":"28 9","pages":"1547-1558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.2280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the commentary by Johnson et al. on ‘Movement-evoked pain is not associated with pain at rest or physical function in knee osteoarthritis’","authors":"J. A. Lozano-Meca,&nbsp;M. Gacto-Sánchez,&nbsp;J. Montilla-Herrador","doi":"10.1002/ejp.2279","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejp.2279","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;As the authors of the manuscript entitled ‘Movement-evoked pain is not associated with pain at rest or physical function in knee osteoarthritis’ (Lozano-Meca et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), recently published in the &lt;i&gt;European Journal of Pain&lt;/i&gt;, we have read the recent publication of the commentary by the authors Johnson et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), and we thank the authors for their wise and accurate comments on our manuscript. We hereby provide some comments and clarifications that will certainly help the potential readers and, in turn, will enhance the scientific conceptualization on movement-evoked pain (MEP, hereinafter). As a matter of fact, Johnson et al. state that ‘the assertion that associations between MEP and PAR have not been studied in KOA is inaccurate; multiple recent studies have examined this relationship in KOA and other musculoskeletal conditions (Fullwood et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;)’. Indeed, in the background section of our manuscript, we highlight the fact that MEP has been studied under different conditions: Fullwood et al. (&lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;) have reviewed, explored and mapped MEP in an interesting scoping review that focuses on different aspects of the construct, providing a useful framework for the conceptualization and measurement of MEP. In fact, they state that ‘only six studies explicitly tested for statistical differences between pain at rest and MEP’. Those studies focused solely on temporomandibular disorders, neck pain or peripheral neuropathic: solely, Lundblad et al. (&lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;), in their research, set the framework of MEP after total knee arthroplasty following different conditions related to osteoarthritis, but not on subjects currently affected of KOA, which tangentially concerns the substratum of our research. Thus, our assumption is sustained and endorsed by the scoping review by Fullwood et al. because potential relationships between pain at rest and MEP are explored, but none of them focuses on subjects under KOA conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In relation to the radiological severity of the subjects analysed and their relationship with MEP, our data related to Kellgren-Lawrence are eminently informative and descriptive due to the low sample size, an issue that prevented us from making more specific analyses by controlling for potentially confounding sociodemographic and/or clinical factors, fact that is already considered and acknowledged within the manuscript as one of the potential limitations of the study. Moreover, we did not focus on causation but solely on association, as stated throughout the manuscript, due to the cross-sectional nature of the study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the introduction of our study, we also indicated (when describing MEP) that ‘more recently, it has been defined as pain during walking’, and we provide the reference by Fullwood et al. (&lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). We acknowledge the mistake in providing the wrong reference since the aforementioned definition corresponds to the pain li","PeriodicalId":12021,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pain","volume":"28 6","pages":"865-866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.2279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140896021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity should be the primary intervention for individuals living with chronic pain A position paper from the European Pain Federation (EFIC) ‘On the Move’ Task Force","authors":"Henrik Bjarke Vaegter,&nbsp;Marja Kinnunen,&nbsp;Jonas Verbrugghe,&nbsp;Caitriona Cunningham,&nbsp;Mira Meeus,&nbsp;Susan Armijo-Olivo,&nbsp;Thomas Bandholm,&nbsp;Brona M. Fullen,&nbsp;Harriet Wittink,&nbsp;Bart Morlion,&nbsp;Michiel F. Reneman","doi":"10.1002/ejp.2278","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejp.2278","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is clear evidence demonstrating the benefits of physical activity (PA) on pain and overall health, however, PA is challenging for many individuals living with chronic pain. Even non-exercise specialists can (cost) effectively promote PA, but many health professionals report a number of barriers in providing guidance on PA, suggesting that it is not consistently promoted. This expert position paper summarizes the evidence and provides five recommendations for health professionals to assess, advise and support individuals living with any chronic pain condition with a long life expectancy in adopting and sustaining physically active lifestyles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This position paper was prepared by the ‘On The Move’ Task Force of the European Pain Federation EFIC. Final recommendations were endorsed by the European Pain Forum, Pain Alliance Europe and the Executive Board of EFIC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recommend that all health professionals (1) Take a history of the persons' PA levels, and put PA on the agenda, (2) Advise that PA is important and safe for individuals living with chronic pain, (3) Deliver a brief PA intervention and support individuals living with chronic pain in becoming physically active, (4) Discuss acceptable levels of PA-related soreness and pain and (5) Provide ongoing support in staying physically active.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical activity is safe and offers several advantages, including general health benefits, low risk of side effects, low cost and not requiring access to healthcare. Adoption of these recommendations can improve the quality of care and life of individuals living with chronic pain and reduce their overall health risks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12021,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pain","volume":"28 8","pages":"1249-1256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.2278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-induced changes in central sensitization outcomes in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Kexun Kenneth Chen,&nbsp;Paul Rolan,&nbsp;Mark Rowland Hutchinson,&nbsp;Cameron Dickson,&nbsp;Rutger Marinus Johannes de Zoete","doi":"10.1002/ejp.2277","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejp.2277","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) are the two most commonly used clinical measures of central sensitization (CS). However, the effectiveness of exercise on TSP and CPM has yet to be evaluated. This review aims to investigate the effect of exercise alone on CS outcomes in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Databases and Data Treatment&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro and Cochrane databases were searched. Data were extracted based on the exercise modality and grouped into aerobic, resistance, isometric, or motor control modalities. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB2, RoB2 for crossover trials and ROBINS-I tools. Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted, with subgroup analysis conducted for each exercise modality.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The meta-analyses included thirteen studies, consisting of eight non-randomized studies, three randomized controlled trials and three randomized crossover trials. Data were categorized into four subgroups for analyses based on exercise modality. No statistically significant effect existed for both TSP and conditioned pain modulation. However, motor control exercise was found to have a significant enhancing effect on conditioned pain modulation. No significant differences were found between the exercise subgroup for both TSP and conditioned pain modulation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We did not find an overall effect of physical exercise on TSP and CPM. However, subgroup analysis shows favourable effects of motor control exercise in individuals with chronic neck pain. Future research should focus on exercise modality and dosage and their role in the mechanism involved in TSP and CPM in predefined populations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Significance Statement&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Results from this study found that motor control exercise has a significant enhancing effect on conditioned pain modulation, with subgroup analysis showing favourable effects of motor control exercise in individuals with chronic neck pain. This indicates that physical exercise may have a positive effect on central sensitisation in individual with chronic neck pain. However, differential effects may exist between different types of exercise. These findings will inform understand","PeriodicalId":12021,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pain","volume":"28 9","pages":"1431-1449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.2277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short all-out isokinetic cycling exercises of 90 and 15 s unlock exercise-induced hypoalgesia","authors":"Fabian Tomschi,&nbsp;Jana Schulz,&nbsp;Holger Stephan,&nbsp;Thomas Hilberg","doi":"10.1002/ejp.2276","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejp.2276","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Acute physical activity leads to exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). However, to what degree it can be induced by very short but highly intensive exercise is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of two different short all-out isokinetic exercise sessions on EIH.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Twenty young male participants underwent three different interventions (90, 15 s all-out isokinetic cycling, respectively, and control) after an individualized low-intensity warm-up in a randomized-controlled-crossover design. Before (pre), after warm-up (post 1) as well as immediately post-intervention (post 2) pain sensitivity was measured employing pressure pain thresholds (PPT; in N) at the elbow, knee and ankle joints as well as the sternum and forehead. Performance parameters (e.g. lactate, perceived exertion, heart rate) were documented.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A ‘time’ × ‘intervention’ × ‘body site’ interaction effect (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, &lt;i&gt;η&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; partial = 0.110) was observed for PPT. Both isokinetic interventions resulted in EIH at all body sites, even after ruling out any warm-up effects, while effects were larger for 90 s (maximum increase of 25.7 ± 11.7 N) compared to 15 s (maximum increase of 19.3 ± 18.9 N), and control (maximum increase of 8.0 ± 6.1 N). Compared to control, 15 s also resulted in hypoalgesic effects and differences were not observed at all sites. In this study, 90 s resulted in higher lactate, subjective exhaustion and heart rate levels compared to 15 s and control (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), while higher values were also observed for 15 s compared to control.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global EIH assessed immediately after exercise can be induced by short highly intensive exercises. The effects are greater when the subjective and the objective exertion are higher as induced by the 90 s intervention.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Significance Statement&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study investigates the potential for brief, highly intensive exercise sessions to induce exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). The research demonstrates that EIH can indeed be triggered by such short workouts, with greater effects observed during a 90 s session compared to a 15 s one, most likely due to higher subjective and objective exertion. These findings offer insights into the potential for extremely brief but intense exercises to allevi","PeriodicalId":12021,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pain","volume":"28 9","pages":"1536-1546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.2276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140628675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicians diagnosing virtual patients with the classification algorithm for chronic pain in the ICD-11 (CAL-CP) achieve better diagnoses and prefer the algorithm to standard tools: An experimental validation study","authors":"Ginea Hay,&nbsp;Beatrice Korwisi,&nbsp;Norman Lahme-Hütig,&nbsp;Winfried Rief,&nbsp;Antonia Barke","doi":"10.1002/ejp.2274","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejp.2274","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ICD-11 classification of chronic pain comprises seven categories, each further subdivided. In total, it contains over 100 diagnoses each based on 5–7 criteria. To increase diagnostic reliability, the Classification Algorithm for Chronic Pain in the ICD-11 (CAL-CP) was developed. The current study aimed to evaluate the CAL-CP regarding the correctness of assigned diagnoses, utility and ease of use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In an international online study, <i>n</i> = 195 clinicians each diagnosed 4 out of 8 fictitious patients. The clinicians interacted via chat with the virtual patients to collect information and view medical histories and examination findings. The patient cases differed in complexity: simple patients had one chronic pain diagnosis; complex cases had two. In a 2 × 2 repeated-measures design with the factors tool (algorithm/standard browser) and diagnostic complexity (simple/complex), clinicians used either the algorithm or the ICD-11 browser for their diagnoses. After each case, clinicians indicated the pain diagnoses and rated the diagnostic process. The correctness of the assigned diagnoses and the ratings of the algorithm's utility and ease of use were analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of the algorithm resulted in more correct diagnoses. This was true for chronic primary and secondary pain diagnoses. The clinicians preferred the algorithm over the ICD-11 browser, rating it easier to work with and more useful. Especially novice users benefited from the algorithm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of the algorithm increases the correctness of the diagnoses for chronic pain and is well accepted by clinicians. The CAL-CP's use should be considered in routine care and research contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance Statement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ICD-11 has come into effect in January 2022. Clinicians and researchers will soon begin using the new classification of chronic pain. To facilitate clinicians training and diagnostic accuracy, a classification algorithm was developed. The paper investigates whether clinicians using the algorithm—as opposed to the generic tools provided by the WHO—reach more correct diagnoses when they diagnose standardized patients and how they rate the comparative utility of the diagnostic instruments available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12021,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pain","volume":"28 9","pages":"1509-1523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.2274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140612645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain perception during baroreceptor unloading by lower body negative pressure","authors":"S. Neumann,&nbsp;M. C. K. Hamilton,&nbsp;E. C. Hart,&nbsp;J. C. W. Brooks","doi":"10.1002/ejp.2273","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejp.2273","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with high blood pressure have reduced sensitivity to pain, known as blood pressure hypoalgesia. One proposed mechanism for this is altered baroreceptor sensitivity. In healthy volunteers, stimulating the carotid baroreceptors causes reduced sensitivity to acute pain; however, this effect may be confounded by a rise in blood pressure due to baroreflex stimulation. The present study tests whether baroreceptor unloading contributes to the physiological mechanism of blood pressure-related hypoalgesia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, pain perception to thermal stimulation of the forearm was studied in 20 healthy volunteers during baroreceptor unloading by lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at −5 and −20 mmHg. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured continuously throughout. To address issues relating to stimulation order, the sequence of LBNP stimulation was counterbalanced across participants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased heart rate was observed at a LBNP of −20 mmHg, but not −5 mmHg, but neither stimulus had an effect on blood pressure. There was no change in warm or cold sensory detection thresholds, heat or cold pain thresholds nor perceived pain from a 30s long thermal heat stimulus during LBNP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Therefore, baroreceptor unloading with maintained systemic blood pressure did not alter pain perception. The current study does not support the hypothesis that an altered baroreflex may underlie the physiological mechanism of blood pressure-related hypoalgesia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work provides evidence that, when measured in normotensive healthy young adults, the baroreflex response to simulated hypovolaemia did not lead to reduced pain sensitivity (known as blood pressure hypoalgesia).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12021,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pain","volume":"28 9","pages":"1497-1508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.2273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic reviews and quality assessment of patient-reported outcome measures for physical function in comparative effectiveness studies regarding acute postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty—Do we need to start all over again?","authors":"H. Heitkamp,&nbsp;D. Heußner,&nbsp;D. C. Rosenberger,&nbsp;K. Schnabel,&nbsp;D. Rosenthal,&nbsp;S. Bigalke,&nbsp;T. V. Maeßen,&nbsp;D. Hohenschurz-Schmidt,&nbsp;H. Liedgens,&nbsp;U. Kaiser,&nbsp;E. M. Pogatzki-Zahn","doi":"10.1002/ejp.2272","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejp.2272","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recently, a consensus process specified a core outcome set (COS) of domains to be assessed in each comparative effectiveness research and clinical practice related to acute postoperative pain. Physical function (PF) was one of these domains. The aim of this review was to investigate which patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to assess PF after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in clinical trials and if they fulfil basic requirements for a COS of PROMs based on their psychometric properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies based on a search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL was undertaken. PROMs and performance measures were extracted and investigated, including evaluation of psychometric properties of PROMs based on COSMIN recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From initially 2896 identified records, 479 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Only 87 of these trials (18%) assessed PF using PROMs, whereas especially performance outcome measures were used in 470 studies (98%). Application of the ‘COSMIN Risk-of-Bias-Box 1’ to 13 of the 14 identified PROMs resulted in insufficient content validity of the included PROMs regarding the target population based on the inauguration or development articles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data indicate that a patient-centred postoperative assessment of PF in pain-related clinical trials early after TKA is not common, even though patient-reported assessment is widely recommended. In addition, none of the applied PROMs shows content validity based on their inauguration or development articles for the assessment of postoperative pain-related PF after TKA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search for patient-reported outcome measures assessing postoperative, pain-related physical function after total knee arthroplasty in clinical trials and assessment of their content validity revealed none that fulfilled requirements based on COSMIN recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12021,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pain","volume":"28 9","pages":"1415-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.2272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}