{"title":"The influencing mechanisms of different characteristics of polystyrene microplastics on <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: functional group, particle size and dosage.","authors":"Yiyan Tang, Caixia Yang, Jianmei Zou, Huijun He, Dunqiu Wang, Shaocui Feng, Yan Chen","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2500102","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2500102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>Based on the well-documented hazards of microplastics and the importance and typicality of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (<i>S. cerevisiae</i>) in the environment, in this study, the influencing mechanisms of functional group, particle size and dosage of polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) on <i>S. cerevisiae</i> were studied systematically. The results showed that compared with the bigger particle size and lower concentration of carboxylated PS MPs, the smaller particle size and higher concentration of aminated PS MPs had the most serious inhibition of the growth of <i>S. cerevisiae</i>, and their cell morphology was more abnormal, the more PS MPs attached to the yeast cells. The results of orthogonal experiment showed that the inhibitory effects of PS MPs on <i>S. cerevisiae</i> followed the order: functional groups > concentrations > particle sizes. Through the analysis of the antioxidant properties of <i>S. cerevisiae</i>, it was found that the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were first stimulated and then inhibited, and the concentrations of superoxide dismutase enzymes in the environment with bigger particle size and lower concentration of PS MPs was higher than that in the environment with smaller particle size and higher concentrations of PS MPs. catalase enzyme showed an opposite trend in particle sizes and a similar trend in concentrations. The concentrations of malondialdehyde increased with the increase of PS MPs concentrations and the decrease of particle sizes, indicating that PS MPs could induc<i>e S. cerevisiae</i> to produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species, resulting in severe oxidative damage to <i>S. cerevisiae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"4252-4265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2519962
Elnaz Nikooei, Mohammed A Elhashimi-Khalifa, Nick AuYeung, Bahman Abbasi
{"title":"Multi-contaminant wastewater treatment: conflicting multi-objective optimisation with limited computational budget.","authors":"Elnaz Nikooei, Mohammed A Elhashimi-Khalifa, Nick AuYeung, Bahman Abbasi","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2519962","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2519962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the biggest challenges in treating industrial wastewater, such as hydraulic fracturing (fracking) water, is its complex and variable composition. The composition varies based on the fracking fluids injected into a well and the geology of the formation. The performance of water treatment technologies is highly sensitive to the composition of wastewater, requiring customized water treatment processes and optimized operating conditions for each wastewater type. Moreover, designing these systems often involves multi-objective optimization with conflicting goals, such as maximizing water recovery while achieving high water purity. Traditional design of experiments can be time-consuming and expensive, creating a need to develop efficient tools to analyze trade-offs. This study presents a highly efficient data-driven method for the design of experiments and multi-objective optimization of wastewater treatment technologies. Using Bayesian optimization (BO), the method explores the search space efficiently, minimizing the number of test iterations. It enables performance characterization and efficient prediction of the Pareto front of optimal solutions. We demonstrate the method on SCEPTER, a demo-unit industrial wastewater treatment technology developed at Oregon State University. The procedure successfully guided the experiments by exploring promising regions of the design space, significantly reducing time and effort. Experimental results and BO model predictions showed strong agreement, with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 2.4% for water recovery and 5.8% for contaminant separation. The procedure successfully predicted the Pareto front of optimal solutions using fewer than 20 experiments as training data, compared to 1920 experiments required for full-factorial analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"4791-4805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of a low-temperature and cellulose-degrading fungus <i>Tausonia pullulans</i> LC-6.","authors":"Xinyu Hao, Jianzheng Li, Jun Xia, Yiyang Fan, Furao Wang, Jia Meng","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2508360","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2508360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agricultural residues are frequently utilized as biomass fertilizers via compost, but their degradation is hindered by low temperatures in cold regions. Isolating strains capable of degrading cellulose at low temperatures is crucial for the effective recycling of agricultural residues in cold regions. In this study, the strains with cellulose degrading ability were selected from humus soil in cold region. Preliminary screening was performed by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose culture and Congo red staining. Cellulase activity was rescreened and identified by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, and phylogenetic analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer sequence. We isolated and identified a cellulose-degrading strain (LC-6) operating at low temperature (10°C-15°C). It was identified as <i>Tausonia pullulans</i> (GenBank entry number PQ227816 and PQ584837). The strain exhibited peak activities of Carboxymethyl cellulase, Cellobiohydrolase, <i>β</i>-Glucosidase, and Filter paper enzyme at 4.93, 7.62, 14.17 and 7.15 U/mL, respectively. After 15-days fermentation at 15°C, the degradation rates of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin of the strain were 25.01%, 16.13% and 24.35%, respectively. The findings indicated that strain LC-6 can effectively degrade straw at low temperatures, demonstrating significant potential for applications in the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"4545-4554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2507389
Junheng Kan, Quan Zhu, Qin Qiu, Hong Yang, Xueqiang Zhu
{"title":"Release mechanism of sustained-release persulfate materials based on stearic acid.","authors":"Junheng Kan, Quan Zhu, Qin Qiu, Hong Yang, Xueqiang Zhu","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2507389","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2507389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in groundwater demonstrate poor degradability and wide contamination plumes. The widely utilized in-situ chemical oxidation technology can effectively oxidize and degrade PAHs in groundwater. However, conventional in-situ chemical oxidation for PAHs in groundwater faces challenges including rapid reaction of oxidants and potential rebound of pollutant concentrations. Therefore, there is a current need to develop novel sustained-release oxidants. This study developed persulfate release materials (PDS@SA) by blending sodium persulfate (PDS) with stearic acid (SA) at different mass ratios. Batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of mass ratio and particle size on the PDS release process. The results revealed that the mass ratio of PDS in PDS@SA was positively correlated with the cumulative release percentage of PDS, as well as the intermediate release rate and the final decomposition rate of PDS. The particle size of PDS@SA was directly proportional to the release lifespan of PDS, while inversely proportional to the total release amount of PDS. The release mechanisms was examined by Bhaskar and Rigter-Peppas models. The results were further validated by fitting with a dual boundary dissolution-diffusion model, which predicted the release lifespan of PDS@SA with different particle sizes with a PDS:SA ratio of 1:3. The prediction indicated that PDS@SA with particle sizes of 30 and 40 mm exhibited good sustained-release performance and significantly mitigated burst release effect. Compared to traditional methods of directly oxidizing organic matter in groundwater using activated persulfate, this study achieves enhanced controlled release and prolonged lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"4507-4519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2508361
Liying Liu, Ke Xu, Huimin Zhao
{"title":"A sludge volume index model based on components of extracellular polymeric substances during temperature decline.","authors":"Liying Liu, Ke Xu, Huimin Zhao","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2508361","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2508361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>Sludge bulking remains a persistent challenge in wastewater treatment plants due to the hardness of its prediction. In this research, sludge bulking was simulated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) under stepwise cooling conditions to simulate the temperature fluctuations typically happening in the early winter period. The variations in the formulation and concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the Sludge Volume Index (SVI) during progressive temperature decline were systematically recorded and analysed. Correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between SVI and the concentrations of soluble microbial products (SMP), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS). A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was developed to predict SVI based on EPS components, explaining 54.6% of the variation in SVI (adjusted <i>R</i>² = 0.546) with statistical significance (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Model validation confirmed its reliability, demonstrating that the proposed model effectively captures the impact of EPS variations on SVI. This study underscores the critical role of specific EPS components on SVI, providing a responsible approach for real-time monitoring and prediction of sludge bulking during temperature declining in early winter.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"4555-4563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abatement of nitric oxide (NO) through optimized parameters for oxidation induced by pulse corona discharge (PCD).","authors":"Dzeyewir Divine Nyuyki, Hugues Nkomba Museba, Yannick Kumona Balue, BongJu Lee","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2501298","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2501298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of pulsed corona discharge (PCD) for flue gas abatement has gained increasing attention due to its potential as a non-thermal plasma technology for pollutant removal. While PCD has been used for flue gas cleaning, optimising its parameters for enhanced oxidation efficiency remains an area of active research. The study aims to abate NO through the optimised parameters as voltage, frequency, and pulse width, leading to high PCD discharge power and uniform corona discharge intensity for oxidation. A two-stage laboratory-scale PCD reactor was developed to facilitate NO oxidation and conversion. In Reactor 1, NO was oxidised to NO<sub>2</sub>, followed by Reactor 2, where steam injection promoted the conversion of NO<sub>2</sub> to nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>). Under optimised conditions, the system achieved a NO removal efficiency of 59% with an optimal specific energy consumption of 0.41 kJ/L. The best-performing parameters included 10 kV, 45 kHz frequency, 5.5 µs pulse width, and a gas flow rate of 80 L/min containing 240 ppm NO. To evaluate PCD performance on an industrial scale, a pilot-scale was tested using exhaust gas from Yeongdong Power Plant, achieving a 70% NO-to-NO<sub>2</sub> conversion rate and over 90% deNO<i><sub>x</sub></i> efficiency. The system operated at 2.1 kW PCD power, 60 kHz frequency, a 30 kW microwave plasma torch, 2000 m<sup>3</sup>/h gas flow, 380 ppm NO<i><sub>x</sub></i>, 67°C temperature, 40 L/h steam, and 6 kg/h urea injection. These findings underscore the industrial potential of PCD technology for flue gas treatment, demonstrating its effectiveness in NO abatement while ensuring energy efficiency and scalability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"4332-4344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-05-18DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2500784
Lingzhen Li, Ling Zhang
{"title":"The efficient removal of high-toxic Cr(VI) by the simply modified sepiolite synergized with oxalic acid under UV.","authors":"Lingzhen Li, Ling Zhang","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2500784","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2500784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The modified sepiolite (H-Sep-OH) with high catalytic activity was simply prepared and used for the enhancement of hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI)) removal from water by oxalic acid (Ox) photoreduction. The effects of H-Sep-OH dosage, Cr (VI) concentration, initial concentration of Ox and initial pH on the Cr (VI) removal in the Ox + H-Sep-OH + UV system were investigated in detail. The mechanism of Cr (VI) removal of the Ox + H-Sep-OH + UV system was discussed by the effect of initial pH, the change of pH and Cr species in the solution during the process, the free-radical scavenging test, and the IR, XRD, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and Mott-Schottky analysis. The results showed that H-Sep-OH could significantly synergize with Ox reduction to remove Cr(VI) under UV, and the concentration of Ox in the aqueous solution and the dosage of H-Sep-OH determined the amount of reducing substances and the speed of Cr(VI) reduction. Amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub> in the H-Sep-OH played an important catalytic role in the photoreduction of Cr(VI). During the Cr(VI) removal process in the Ox + H-Sep-OH + UV system, the reductive removal of Cr(VI) from the water was achieved synergistically by the effectively separated electron(e<sup>-</sup>) (generated from the SiO<sub>2</sub> in H-Sep-OH under UV irradiation), and the produced •CO<sub>2</sub> <sup>-</sup> (derived from photolysis of Ox and the conversion of Ox by water and hole(h<sup>+</sup>).).</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"4309-4319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-22DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2518275
James E Vereycken, David C Aldridge
{"title":"A novel, inexpensive, and adaptable system for the simultaneous measurement of valve movements and cardiac activity in bivalves.","authors":"James E Vereycken, David C Aldridge","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2518275","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2518275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guarding aquatic resources from degradation is vital. Organismal behavioural biomonitoring enables facile broad-spectrum toxicity detection, with distinct strengths over traditional water-quality sensing. Bivalve molluscs make ideal biomonitors, using alterations within two behaviours, valve movements and cardiac activity. Commercial systems monitoring these are costly, and often inflexible, whilst published methods typically lack broad suitability or requisite detail, or necessitate expertise; widespread application can be hindered, especially in the Global South and remote locations, despite the benefits for water monitoring. Furthermore, integration of both behaviours in systems is uncommon, despite probable gains in informativeness and sensitivity. Therefore, in the current work, a novel prototype set-up to simultaneously monitor valve movements and cardiac activity in multiple specimens was designed, constructed, and demonstrated. Employing popular, sophisticated, and robust technological approaches, the system caters for many bivalves (sessile/mobile, freshwater/marine). Reproducible, inexpensive, and uncomplicated, the low-power system centres around a Raspberry Pi (3B+) microcontroller, compatible with manifold open-source software. Monitoring eight unfixed animals for approximately £200 (during 2020), the system is adaptable for specimen numbers, type/rate of data capture, and operational conditions/environment. It is also scalable; miniaturisation and economies of scale should reduce the size and cost of a single set-up, making wider deployment of multiple systems, and larger cohorts, increasingly feasible. In providing extensive detail, the current work encourages further application of such monitoring capability. Widespread deployment or biomonitoring networks could revolutionise water management, improving protection of aquatic ecosystems and human health. Such ecological understanding aids bivalve conservation, of particular benefit to declining freshwater species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"4710-4726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2513686
V S Neeraj, Shyam Sumant, Karthikeyan Muthukumar, Karuppan Muthukumar
{"title":"Kitchen wastewater degradation using electrochemical reactor.","authors":"V S Neeraj, Shyam Sumant, Karthikeyan Muthukumar, Karuppan Muthukumar","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2513686","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2513686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kitchen wastewater (KW) constitutes a significant fraction of global wastewater and contains bio-refractory organics that require effective treatment. This study investigates the treatment of KW using an electrochemical bipolar disk stack reactor equipped with electronic waste (ewaste) derived lead dioxide (PbO<sub>2</sub>)-coated graphite electrode. The influence of critical operating parameters such as applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, and volumetric flow rate on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was examined by following the response surface methodology (RSM) based central composite design (CCD). Results showed that COD removal increased with voltage and electrolyte concentration but decreased with flow rate, with voltage being the most significant factor. The optimized conditions - 12 V, 5 g/L NaCl, and 0.25 mL/s flow rate - achieved 84% COD reduction with an energy consumption of 0.0134 kWh/g COD. Additionally, a theoretical model was developed to predict COD removal efficiency. The results demonstrated superior catalytic activity and stability of the e-waste-derived PbO<sub>2</sub>-coated graphite electrode.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"4597-4609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2520580
Dong Zhang, Xin He, Honghao Wang, Hu Liu, LinKang Zhou, Hua Jin, Hong Yan
{"title":"A collaborative strategy based on high mineralization ability for rapid and effective treatment of acid mine drainage and recycling resources.","authors":"Dong Zhang, Xin He, Honghao Wang, Hu Liu, LinKang Zhou, Hua Jin, Hong Yan","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2520580","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2520580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global water quality is increasingly affected by acid mine drainage (AMD). The common methods used to remediate AMD are difficult to recover and utilize the high concentration of ions in water. In this study, a new method for AMD treatment was developed by chemical mineralization to hydroxyl sulphate iron minerals (HSIMs) followed by Ca-Al layered double hydroxides (Ca-Al LDHs) neutralization. It was found that 98.5% of iron and 29.2% of sulphate could be converted into 0.46 g of valuable HSIM in 200 mL of AMD containing 1190 mg/L iron, 110 mg/L manganese 2075mg/L sulphate ions and pH at 3.3 by adding 0.4 mL H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and 0.5 g KHCO<sub>3</sub> in sequence. The resultant HSIMs, consisting of schwertmannite and jarosite, had a specific surface area of 5.34 m<sup>2</sup>/g, which could be used as heavy metal ion adsorbents. The method achieved a significant increase in the iron mineralization rate from 62.8% to 98.5% and recovered almost all of the iron, compared to forming only schwertmannite, which was essential for achieving better resource utilization in the AMD treatment process. With post-treatment of Ca-Al LDHs, the metal ions could be completely removed while maintaining sulphate concentration below the 250 mg/L highlighted by the World Health Organization. The combination of pretreatment of chemical mineralization to form HSIMs and post-treatment of Ca-Al LDHs offered a new approach for the rapid and effective treatment of AMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"4806-4818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}