Muhammad Bashir Saidu, Irina S Moreira, Catarina L Amorim, Rongben Wu, Yuen-Wa Ho, James Kar-Hei Fang, Paula M L Castro, David Gonçalves
{"title":"Exploring the biodegradation of PET in mangrove soil and its intermediates by enriched bacterial consortia.","authors":"Muhammad Bashir Saidu, Irina S Moreira, Catarina L Amorim, Rongben Wu, Yuen-Wa Ho, James Kar-Hei Fang, Paula M L Castro, David Gonçalves","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2521762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2521762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biodegradation of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is important due to the environmental impact of plastic waste. This study investigates the degradation of PET films in soil microcosms, with and without mangrove plants, and with mangrove plants bioaugmented with a bacterial consortium (<i>Bacillus</i> sp.- GPB12 and <i>Enterococcus</i> sp.- WTP31B-5) while following the evolution of soil microcosm microbiome. The ability of bacterial consortia retrieved from soil microcosms of each tested condition to degrade PET intermediates - bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), terephthalic acid (TPA), and monoethylene glycol (MEG) was also assessed. In the microcosms' assays with mangrove plants, variations in functional groups and surface morphology detected by FTIR and SEM analysis indicated PET degradation. Soil microcosms microbiome evolved differently according to the conditions imposed, with dominance of phylum Proteobacteria in all final microcosms. After 270 days, bacterial consortia retrieved from all soil microcosms revealed to be able to completely degrade TPA within three days. MEG degradation reached ca. 84% using the consortium retrieved from the microcosm with bioaugmented mangrove plants. BHETdegradation was ca. 96% with the consortium obtained from the microcosm with non-bioaugmented mangrove plants. These intermediates are key molecules in PET degradation pathways; thus, their degradation is an indicator of biodegradation potential. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first report on biodegradation of PET, BHET, TPA, and MEG by microbial community from mangrove soil, providing insights into key taxa involved in PET degradation. These findings can pave a way to develop bioremediation strategies and more efficient waste management solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects and mechanisms of low-intensity ultrasound on denitrification system.","authors":"Jinhao Zhu, Ran Gao, Chaoming Zhang, Juqing Lou","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2526185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2526185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of different condition of low-intensity ultrasound on denitrification system was investigated. The effects on the characteristic of denitrifying bacteria were analyzed by measuring the electron transport system activity (ETSA) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Also, the changes in the secondary structure of membrane proteins and lipids were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and explored by second-order derivative fitting using OMNIC and Peakfit software. The results showed that low-intensity ultrasound could improve the mass transfer rate of cells by changing the secondary structure of protein lipid and improving the permeability and fluidity of the membrane. Vacuolization in the cytoplasm, accompanied by cell membrane damage was observed in transmission electron microscope (TEM), which meant ultrasound could disrupt cell membrane structure. ImageJ was employed to analyse TEM images, quantifying the membrane thickness via the ruler tool, it was found that the thickness of cell membrane decreased significantly after ultrasound.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing the charge percolation networks through the synergistic effect of conductive additives for the removal of Cr(VI) in FCDI.","authors":"Huan Chen, Su Xu, Weiwei Zhang, Huaying Li","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2525556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2525556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The natural environment and human health are gravely threatened by the issue of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in water bodies. Therefore, it is imperative to replace the traditional removal methods with an updated Cr(VI) removal procedure. In this study, mixed activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CB) were used as components of the flow electrode slurry low-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), which was used for the removal and detoxification of Cr (VI) under various operating conditions. Performance evaluation revealed that, in comparison to traditional pure AC slurry, the filling effect of CB and the bridging effect of CNT effectively enhanced the electrical conductivity. An outstanding removal efficiency of 85.03% within 30 min and an ASRR of 13.53 μg cm<sup>-2</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> were achieved under an initial Cr(VI) feed concentration of 100 mg/L and a conductive additive content of 1% (CNT:CB = 1:1). Over the course of 12 cycles, FCDI converted 37.91% of highly toxic Cr(VI) to less harmful Cr(III) and decreased the Cr(VI) removal efficiency by 9.23%. Lastly, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) further validated the ternary composite slurry's capacity to form a robust charge transport network that enhances charge transfer. In conclusion, this study offers a promising FCDI technology for heavy metals removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javier Rodea-Gil, Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez, Verónica Martínez-Miranda, Ivonne Linares-Hernández, Ana Elisa Alcántara-Valladolid, Mario Esparza-Soto
{"title":"Carbamazepine degradation via solar Galvano-Fenton treatment using Mg/Cu anode/cathode system.","authors":"Javier Rodea-Gil, Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez, Verónica Martínez-Miranda, Ivonne Linares-Hernández, Ana Elisa Alcántara-Valladolid, Mario Esparza-Soto","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2524081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2524081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant pharmaceutical that enters water systems from various sources, including human excretion, and is highly resistant to photodegradation and biodegradation in conventional sewage treatment plants. The objective and main contribution of this study is to identify the operating conditions of a solar Galvano-Fenton (SGF) process for the degradation of commercial CBZ. An Mg/Cu anode/cathode system was used. The anode was placed in parallel, and the cathode was arranged in a spiral shape inside the borosilicate tube at a distance of 0.5 mm. SGF promotes the spontaneous corrosion of Mg and, hence, does not require an external electric current, which is the main advantage of this process. A cylindrical parabolic concentrator (CPC) with a 60° inclination was designed to concentrate UV sunlight. The best operating conditions were obtained through a factorial 3<sup>4</sup> design: hydraulic retention time (90 min), cathode/anode area ratio (1:1), initial CBZ concentration (25 mg/L), and hydrogen peroxide concentration (500 mg/L). The best removal efficiencies achieved were 52.96% CBZ by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and 68.66% chemical oxygen demand (COD) with 766 kJ/L of accumulated energy. The Mg/Cu system has a bifunctional effect on the CBZ removal mechanism: first, as a catalyst to promote oxidation reactions, and second, through the complexation of Mg-(CBZ)<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, the use of Mg instead of Fe as the anode could be a sustainable option for advanced oxidation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly efficient activation of periodate by anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis for 3-chlorophenol degradation in water.","authors":"Chao Zhang, Yufan Liu, Huimiao Zhou, Jinyu Zhang, Haiming Yang, Lixiang Li","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2523562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2523562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodate (PI) activation by anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis (ACGDE) was used to degrade 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) in water. The effects of the PI concentration, current intensity (mA), anions (Cl<sup>-</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>), organic compounds (humic acid and RhB), and initial solution pH on the 3-CP removal rate were studied. The results show that PI was efficiently activated by ACGDE, leading to the rapid degradation of 3-CP. For the 1.5-mmol/L (mM) PI activated by ACGDE for 1.5 min, the removal rate of 3-CP (100%) was 19 or 6.7 times higher than that of PI or ACGDE alone. The decomposition of 3-CP was affected by the initial pH. Cr<sup>6+</sup> (·H scavenger), 2-propanol (•OH scavenger), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA, O<sub>2</sub><sup>·-</sup> scavenger) were added to study the mechanism of PI activation by ACGDE and the main active species responsible for 3-CP degradation. H• generated by ACGDE is a key active species to activate PI. In addition, ACGDE may be a highly efficient approach for PI activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V S Neeraj, Shyam Sumant, Karthikeyan Muthukumar, Karuppan Muthukumar
{"title":"Kitchen wastewater degradation using electrochemical reactor.","authors":"V S Neeraj, Shyam Sumant, Karthikeyan Muthukumar, Karuppan Muthukumar","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2513686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2513686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kitchen wastewater (KW) constitutes a significant fraction of global wastewater and contains bio-refractory organics that require effective treatment. This study investigates the treatment of KW using an electrochemical bipolar disk stack reactor equipped with electronic waste (ewaste) derived lead dioxide (PbO<sub>2</sub>)-coated graphite electrode. The influence of critical operating parameters such as applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, and volumetric flow rate on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was examined by following the response surface methodology (RSM) based central composite design (CCD). Results showed that COD removal increased with voltage and electrolyte concentration but decreased with flow rate, with voltage being the most significant factor. The optimized conditions - 12 V, 5 g/L NaCl, and 0.25 mL/s flow rate - achieved 84% COD reduction with an energy consumption of 0.0134 kWh/g COD. Additionally, a theoretical model was developed to predict COD removal efficiency. The results demonstrated superior catalytic activity and stability of the e-waste-derived PbO<sub>2</sub>-coated graphite electrode.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberta F Nunes, Julio C O Ribeiro, Valter H Carvalho-Silva, Dionysios D Dionysiou, Antonio C S C Teixeira
{"title":"UVC/Sulfite coupled to persulfate for removing chlorinated compounds under oxic conditions: effects of process variables, transformation products and toxicity.","authors":"Roberta F Nunes, Julio C O Ribeiro, Valter H Carvalho-Silva, Dionysios D Dionysiou, Antonio C S C Teixeira","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2524211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2524211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorinated phenols are persistent pollutants frequently detected in industrial effluents and contaminated surface waters, posing risks to aquatic ecosystems. Herein, the best initial sulfite concentration [SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>]<sub>0</sub> and initial pH for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in the presence of sulfite under UVC radiation and oxic conditions are reported. Low sulfite dosages (60-150 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) were explored to use UVC/sulfite as a pretreatment for persulfate (PS)-based processes. The UVC/persulfate (UVC/PS), UVC/sulfite, and combined UVC/sulfite + PS processes were used for the degradation of 2,4-DCP and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TeCP). Results have shown that increasing [SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>]<sub>0</sub> up to 60 mg L<sup>-1</sup> (pH<sub>0</sub> ∼ 8.5) has led to higher 2,4-DCP degradations through UVC/sulfite. In contrast, at pH<sub>0</sub> values around 3, 5, and 10, direct photolysis of 2,4-DCP and 2,3,4,6-TeCP occurred. Removals of 2,4-DCP and 2,3,4,6-TeCP were improved by the addition of PS after the UVC/sulfite pretreatment, at optimum conditions. Hydroxylation was predominant in the UVC/sulfite + PS system, by improved generation of hydroxyl radicals, in addition to a slightly higher contribution of sulfate radicals. Low molecular weight acids were observed as transformation products for the UVC/sulfite + PS process, due to dechlorination and cleavage of the benzene ring. Finally, according to predictions from the ECOSAR (Ecological Structure-Activity Relationships) program, fewer toxic products were identified for different organisms (fish, daphnids and green algae) in the UVC/sulfite + PS process. This result is important and reinforces that the UVC/sulfite + PS process in the presence of oxygen can lead to lower toxicity of the treated water.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic anaerobic caffeine degradation and bioelectricity production using microbial fuel cell.","authors":"Vinayak Thengumthottathil, Gunaseelan Gopal, Santhosh Annamalai, Vignesh Selvarasu, Samsudeen Naina Mohamed","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2474253","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2474253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caffeine is considered a pollutant that threatens aquatic life and human well-being, and its anaerobic treatment is typically a slow process. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) present a sustainable alternative by enabling caffeine degradation while simultaneously generating electricity. This study investigates the anaerobic degradation of caffeine using MFCs as a sustainable wastewater treatment approach under various operational conditions. A two-chambered MFC was established employing synthetic wastewater, sodium acetate as the carbon source, and anaerobic sludge as inoculum. Various concentrations of acetate (0.375 and 1 g/L) and caffeine (10 and 20 mg/L) with and without an external nitrogen source, ammonium chloride, were evaluated for power generation and caffeine degradation efficiency. Results demonstrate that caffeine degradation achieves 100% in 5 days when coupled with external nitrogen sources, whereas degradation without external nitrogen achieves the same within 3 days for both caffeine concentrations. Furthermore, increasing the caffeine loading concentration results in a maximum power density of 5.64, 9.37, and 11.83 mW/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, for 10 and 20 mg/L caffeine concentrations. Additionally, when the acetate concentration was increased to 1 mg/L without external nitrogen, degradation of 10 and 20 mg/L caffeine requires 3 and 5 days respectively, with a maximum power density of 12.8 mW/m<sup>2</sup>. This investigation underscores the potential of anaerobic bacteria to degrade caffeine utilising it as a nitrogen source while also contributing to power generation in MFCs. Moreover, the results highlight the significant influence of operational parameters on caffeine degradation efficiency and power generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"3645-3653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2471044
Qianbo Mao, Hao Fang, Jun Liu, Lingyun Tian, Chengcheng Ding, Kaichun Wang, Yiyu Hou, Shuai Zhang, Yibin Cui
{"title":"The impact of microcystin on antibiotic resistance genes and microbial communities in Yangtze River sediments.","authors":"Qianbo Mao, Hao Fang, Jun Liu, Lingyun Tian, Chengcheng Ding, Kaichun Wang, Yiyu Hou, Shuai Zhang, Yibin Cui","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2471044","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2471044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating of water pollution associated with microcystins (MCs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) poses a significant environmental challenge. As one of China's most crucial water systems, the Yangtze River's ecological health is not only vital for regional ecosystems but also carries global environmental significance. While the concentration of MCs detected in the Yangtze River sediments is moderate, the impact of exogenous MCs on ARGs and microbial communities within these sediments remains poorly understood. This study examines 18 sediment samples collected from six regions along the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. By introducing exogenous MCs, we analyzed the responses of the sulfonamide resistance gene (<i>sul</i>1), tetracycline resistance gene (<i>tet</i>A), integron gene (<i>intI</i>1), and the microbial community composition. The results indicate that exogenous MC inputs significantly affect the abundance of ARGs in the sediments, with <i>sul</i>1, <i>tet</i>A, and <i>intI</i>1 exhibiting a general increasing trend. However, the microbial community structure was not substantially affected by the MCs, with regional differences exerting a greater influence on microbial composition than the exogenous MCs input. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla in the Yangtze River sediments. The introduction of exogenous MCs may increase the environmental risk of ARG dissemination. These findings enhance our understanding of how MCs affect ARG dissemination and microbial community structures in the Yangtze River ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"3527-3540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2025.2471048
Chenyang Song, Junfeng Li, Zhaoyang Wang, Lijuan Yi, Xi Xie, Wenhuai Wang, Qiong Feng, Zhiheng Cao
{"title":"Radical and nonradical oxidative degradation of acetaminophen in ultraviolet light activated persulfate systems: comparison of PDS and PMS.","authors":"Chenyang Song, Junfeng Li, Zhaoyang Wang, Lijuan Yi, Xi Xie, Wenhuai Wang, Qiong Feng, Zhiheng Cao","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2471048","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2471048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to differences in physical and chemical properties, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) show distinct reactivity under ultraviolet (UV) activation. Consequently, selecting the appropriate persulfate concentration is critical for optimising the degradation efficiency of the system. This study compared the degradation efficiency of acetaminophen (ACE) in UV light-activated PDS (UV/PDS) and PMS (UV/PMS) systems. Under optimal conditions ([ACE]<sub>0</sub> = 10 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, UV light power = 6 W, [pH]<sub>0</sub> = 7), the ACE removal rate reached 97.8% within 60 min when the dosage of PDS was 8 mM. 91.7% within 60 min with 10 mM PMS in the UV/PMS system, and only 82.4% when the PMS dosage was 8 mM. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis revealed that the UV/PDS system exhibited higher characteristic peak signal intensities for sulfate radical (<math><mi>S</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn><mrow><mo>⋅</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>), superoxide radical (<math><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>⋅</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>), singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>), and hydroxyl radical (<math><mi>OH</mi><mo>⋅</mo></math>) compared to the UV/PMS system. In the UV/PDS system, <math><mi>S</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn><mrow><mo>⋅</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> and <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> were identified as the primary contributors to ACE removal, whereas <math><mi>S</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn><mrow><mo>⋅</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> was the predominant species in the UV/PMS system. Moreover, the intermediate products generated during the UV/PDS reaction were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This study demonstrated the feasibility of UV light-activated persulfate systems for ACE treatment, providing a systematic comparison of the performance and mechanisms of ACE degradation between the two systems. The findings offer valuable insights and practical guidance for selecting persulfates in UV light-activated research and applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"3571-3588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}