Environmental Technology最新文献

{"title":"Removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate by anaerobic and aerobic reactors treating domestic sewage.","authors":"Luiz G Silva, Poliana M Januário, Shyrlane T S Veras, Kenia K Barros, Lourdinha Florencio, Mario T Kato","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2717660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2717660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the removal and behavior of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in pilot-scale integrated anaerobic-aerobic wastewater treatment systems, which were tested at different effluent recirculation rates (0%, 50%, and 100%). The systems combined UASB reactors and anaerobic filters with activated sludge reactors and submerged aerated biofilters treating typical domestic sewage. LAS concentrations, loads, adsorption, and chromatographic profiles of homologues and positional isomers were investigated to better understand the mechanisms that govern surfactant removal under different hydraulic conditions. The influent LAS concentrations ranged from 2.55 ± 0.34 to 3.43 ± 1.31 mg L^-¹. Aerobic units consistently showed higher LAS removal efficiencies than anaerobic units, achieving a peak removal of 75 ± 17% and an overall system removal of 68 ± 38% at a recirculation rate of 50%. Conversely, higher recirculation rates increased hydraulic loading and promoted LAS desorption in anaerobic units, resulting in higher LAS loads during some treatment stages. Chromatographic analyses indicated that aerobic units selectively biodegraded LAS positional isomers, while adsorption was the dominant process in anaerobic sludge. The results demonstrate that LAS removal in integrated anaerobic-aerobic systems is governed by interactions among hydraulic conditions, adsorption/desorption processes, and aerobic biodegradation, providing practical insights for optimizing surfactant removal in wastewater treatment systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":"47 23","pages":"3163-3176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper binding heterogeneity of pH-fractionated soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) revealed by multi-spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation analysis.","authors":"Jiang Xiao, Jinxi Li, Chunhua You, Shukui Zhou","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2724418","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2724418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a pivotal role in governing the environmental behavior and fate of metal ions. The inherent heterogeneity of DOM, however, leads to complex and poorly understood interactions with heavy metals. In this study, soil DOM was fractionated into four pH-dependent fractions via PPL solid-phase extraction combined with sequential acid elution. The binding interactions of these fractions with Cu(II) were systematically investigated through and, coupled with two-dimensional correlation (2D-COS) analysis. The results indicated that low-pH fractions exhibited enhanced aromaticity and more pronounced spectral responses. Regardless of the DOM fraction, 2D-COS analysis revealed that short-wavelength chromophores (< 230 nm) preferentially coordinated with Cu(II), and the binding sequence of fluorescent components followed protein-like > fulvic-like > humic-like components. Moreover, functional group analysis showed that carboxyl C = O groups dominated the binding response, followed by aliphatic C-OH or phenolic O-H, while pH-based fractionation of DOM primarily influenced binding accessibility rather than binding mechanism. Meanwhile, the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) results revealed that protein-like substances exhibited higher conditional stability constants, whereas humic-like fractions provided more accessible binding sites among the pH-dependent DOM fractions. Collectively, these findings illuminated that the heterogeneous complexation mechanisms between DOM fractions and Cu(II), and provide a basis for assessing environmental geochemical risks of heavy metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"3150-3162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonium ion exchange in fluidised bed reactors: effects of expansion ratio & layer composition.","authors":"Gülay Arslan Çene, Elif Soyer","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2698212","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2698212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated natural clinoptilolite as a sorbent for ammonium removal in fluidised-bed ion-exchange systems, with emphasis on the comparative performance of monodispersed single-size beds and polydispersed mixed-size beds. Clinoptilolite was wet-sieved into four particle-size fractions between 250 and 600 µm and converted to the sodium form by NaCl conditioning. Fifty-six breakthrough experiments were conducted in a 21.9 mm × 100 cm column using a fixed bed mass, an influent concentration of 25 mg/L <math><msubsup><mrow><mi>NH</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math>-N, and inlet flow rates of 50-456 mL/min. Performance was assessed using the breakthrough/total capacity ratio, breakthrough capacity, bed usage rate, and overall mass-transfer coefficient. Under equal bed mass and comparable flow conditions, polydispersed beds generally outperformed monodispersed beds. The median breakthrough/total capacity ratio increased from 0.30 to 0.46, while breakthrough capacity increased from 138 to 249 mg. Polydispersed beds also showed an approximately 40% lower bed usage rate, indicating more efficient sorbent utilisation. Overall mass-transfer coefficients ranged from 5.0 to 10.1 × 10^-5 m/s and did not differ significantly between bed configurations. This suggests that the improved removal performance was mainly attributable to increased external particle surface area and more favourable packing, rather than to changes in intrinsic kinetics. The Thomas and Adams-Bohart models described the breakthrough curves well and produced comparable exchange-capacity estimates for both bed types. Overall, the results show that particle-size distribution and fluidisation conditions strongly influence ammonium removal in clinoptilolite fluidised beds and provide practical guidance for design and scale-up, especially where compact and operationally efficient nutrient-removal units are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"2804-2819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron-acceptor-driven redox reconfiguration enables nitrogen polishing in a bioelectrochemical reactor operated in sequential batch mode.","authors":"Mythili Divya, Young-Chae Song, Seong-Wook Oa, Keug-Tae Kim, Chae-Young Lee","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2670481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2670481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioelectrochemical systems offer a promising approach for nitrogen polishing of low-strength, carbon-limited wastewater; however, how electron-acceptor availability governs nitrogen conversion and electrochemical behaviour remains unclear. In this study, a bioelectrochemical sequencing batch reactor (BeSBR) and a control reactor were operated in sequencing batch mode, in which electron-acceptor conditions were sequentially varied within the same reactor system. The reactors were subjected to nitrite-abundant, nitrite-limited, nitrite-free, and oxygen-exposed phases, each maintained until stable performance was achieved. Nitrogen conversion was evaluated using cycle-based concentration profiles under steady-state conditions. Stable nitrogen polishing was achieved without external organic carbon addition, and powdered activated carbon (PAC) served as a conductive mediator supporting microbial retention and extracellular electron transfer. Nitrite-abundant conditions exhibited the most favourable electrochemical characteristics, while ammonium removal persisted under nitrite-limited and nitrite-free conditions, indicating adaptive nitrogen conversion under alternative electron acceptors. Kinetic analysis showed that ammonium removal exhibited approximately linear, zero-order-like behaviour under most conditions, with rates in the range of 2.0-2.5 mg N L^-1 h^-1, corresponding to removal of ∼25 mg N L^-1 within 10-12 h. Biomass stabilised at approximately 3,000-3,500 mg/L after initial reduction, indicating microbial adaptation. Microbial and functional analyses suggested multiple coexisting pathways, including nitrite-associated processes, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and sulfur-linked reactions. Overall, nitrogen conversion was governed by dynamic redox reconfiguration driven by electron-acceptor availability, rather than a single dominant pathway, highlighting its potential as an energy-efficient nitrogen polishing strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":"47 20","pages":"2873-2887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioleaching of heavy metals and removal of antibiotic resistance genes from sludge by diverse functional microbial consortia.","authors":"Chunsheng Qiu, Zilan Zhao, Ruoxin Li, Alimire Aili, Nannan Liu, Xu Chen, Chenchen Wang, Shaopo Wang","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2678433","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2678433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sewage sludge often contains heavy metals and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing challenges for its safe disposal. Bioleaching is a promising technique for heavy metal removal, but its impact on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), particularly when mediated by diverse consortia, remains unclear. This study systematically compared the efficiency of different functional microbial consortia, including <i>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</i> (<i>A. ferrooxidans</i>), <i>Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans</i> (<i>A. thiooxidans</i>), and their combinations with the acid-tolerant yeast <i>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</i> (<i>R. mucilaginosa</i>), for simultaneous bioleaching of heavy metals and removal of ARGs from sewage sludge. Results showed that the tripartite consortium (<i>A. ferrooxidans</i> + <i>A. thiooxidans</i> + <i>R. mucilaginosa</i>) achieved the highest removal efficiencies for copper (85.77%), arsenic (77.19%), and lead (70.88%). ARGs abundance generally decreased after bioleaching, with consortia containing <i>A. ferrooxidans</i> being most effective. A significant positive correlation was found between the reduction in Proteobacteria and the decrease in multiple ARGs. Interestingly, positive correlations were also observed between several heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, As, Zn) and specific ARGs (<i>IreK</i>, <i>macB</i>, <i>mlaF</i>), indicating a complex interplay. This study highlights the importance of microbial synergy and heavy metal speciation in the co-control of heavy metals and ARGs in sewage sludge, providing insights for developing strategies for harmless treatment of sludge.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"2833-2847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148600441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic feature-adaptive representation learning for spatiotemporal air pollution forecasting.","authors":"Ritesh Rana, Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2692045","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2692045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atmospheric pollution remains a major concern for public health and city sustainability, especially in densely populated metropolitan regions with complex environmental dynamics. Traditional prediction techniques often rely on static feature selection methods that disregard the spatial and temporal variations embedded in pollutant behaviour. In this work, we introduce FAST (Feature-Adaptive Selection and Transformation), a novel approach for dynamic feature selection for spatiotemporal air quality forecasting. FAST applies attention-based methods to dynamically update relevant features based on spatial and meteorological conditions at any given time while improving interpretability and predictive performance. We evaluate FAST over three of the largest Indian metropolitan areas, Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru, based on real-world air quality measurements from 90 + monitoring stations. The system is benchmarked against conventional filter, wrapper, and embedded feature selection techniques and demonstrates consistent improvements in forecasting accuracy, with up to 18% lower Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and up to 12% improvement in R² values. FAST demonstrates consistent performance across the evaluated 6-hour and 48-hour forecasting horizons while also providing interpretable insights into seasonal and spatial patterns of pollution. By dynamically adapting to the evolving nature of urban air quality, FAST provides an approach for data-driven air quality forecasting in urban environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"2848-2871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148600437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic treatment of agro-food industry wastewater: process progression, biogas production and kinetic modelling.","authors":"Seferhan Yilmaz, Busem Urediler, Ozlem Karahan Ozgun, Cigdem Yangin-Gomec","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2708915","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2708915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaerobic processes are widely applied for the treatment of agro-industrial wastes, enabling both pollution control and resource recovery through energy production. Among agro-industries, bulgur-producing wheat processing facilities generate wastewater rich in rapidly hydrolysable biodegradable organic matter. In this study, the anaerobic treatment of bulgur processing wastewater was investigated under batch mesophilic conditions, with a focus on energy and resource recovery supported by kinetic modelling. The process achieved more than 95% total COD (tCOD) removal, confirming the high biodegradability of the wastewater. Cumulative biogas production reached approximately 0.22 m³/kg tCODfed, with a methane yield of 0.13 m³ CH₄/kg tCODfed. Process progression was governed by rapid acidification during the early stages of treatment, followed by system recovery and stabilization. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) production peaked within the first days of operation, with a dominant acid sequence of butyric > acetic > propionic acids. The substantial VFA production further highlights the potential of bulgur wastewater for dual resource recovery, supporting both biogas generation and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production within a biorefinery framework. Methane production kinetics were successfully described using the Modified Gompertz model, which showed excellent agreement with experimental data and provided quantitative insight into methane production potential, lag phase duration, and maximum methane production rate. Overall, the integration of experimental results with kinetic modelling demonstrated that bulgur processing wastewater can be effectively managed through anaerobic treatment while serving as a flexible platform for both biogas generation and PHA production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"2941-2953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process-level optimization of light-driven CO₂ fixation and PHB production by S<i>ynechocystis salina</i> in scalable photobioreactor systems.","authors":"Dae Geun Kim, Su Ah Kang, Hui Ju Kim, Simon MoonGeun Jung","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2696551","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2696551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoautotrophic cultivation of cyanobacteria represents a sustainable platform for biomass-based carbon utilization and bioproduction, yet its scalability remains limited by light utilization, nutrient balance, and reactor design. In this study, an integrated photoautotrophic cultivation framework was established for <i>Synechocystis salina</i> through systematic optimization of light regime, nutrient availability, and photobioreactor configuration. Highly reproducible cultivation under inorganic BG-11 medium achieved a maximum dry cell weight of approximately 2 g L^-1 within 9 days, corresponding to a biomass productivity of approximately 0.22 g L^-1 d^-1 and providing a robust baseline for process evaluation. Light wavelength primarily affected biomass formation rather than intracellular carbon storage, with red-light illumination maximizing photosynthetic growth and nutrient removal efficiency. Although intracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) content remained nearly constant at ∼24 wt% across different light conditions, the highest volumetric PHB concentration reached approximately 0.505 g L^-1 under red-light cultivation, indicating that volumetric PHB production was primarily governed by biomass accumulation. Moderate light intensity (200 µmol m^-2 s^-1) supported stable growth, whereas excessive illumination induced partial photoinhibition. Nitrogen limitation acted as a relatively tolerable stress condition that maintained cellular viability, while phosphorus limitation severely impaired growth. Scale-up validation in a 100-L column photobioreactor and a 350-L tubular photobioreactor (300-L working volume) showed that a two-step light intensity increase strategy enhanced biomass productivity while minimizing apparent photodamage, with the tubular configuration outperforming the column configuration. Taken together, these results provide practical guidelines for scalable and energy-efficient photoautotrophic cultivation, with PHB serving as a representative carbon-storage product.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"2791-2803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148396455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free-living amoebae predation in nutrient-enriched treated wastewater: ecological potential and machine learning-assisted analysis.","authors":"Mohammed Anas, Soujanya Ghosh, Suvendu Ojha, Tushar Kant Beuria, Sourav Das","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2709903","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2709903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid population growth has intensified pressure on freshwater (FW) resources, significantly impacting agricultural practices and worsening food scarcity in many regions. The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation addresses water scarcity but carries the risk of spreading pathogenic microbes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Free-living amoebae (FLA) in soil prey on bacteria and have been proposed as biocontrol agents. Here, we suggest an eco-biological approach, investigating how key ions in TWW (phosphate, ammonium, and sulphate) affect predation by three FLA species (<i>Vermamoeba vermiformis, Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> and <i>Heterolobosea sp.</i>) on model bacterial prey <i>GFP-tagged Escherichia coli</i> and <i>GFP-tagged Enterococcus mundtii.</i> This approach aims to enhance soil microbial safety and reduce pathogen persistence in irrigation systems. We also develop a YOLOv5 deep-learning model to quantitatively track FLA behaviour in microscopy videos. Our results show that PO₄^3- or NH₄⁺ (100 mg/L) enrichment greatly enhances <i>Vermamoeba's</i> grazing on <i>E. coli</i> (7 log₁₀ reductions in 72 h) compared to controls or SO₄²^- addition. Fluorescence microscopy images confirm extensive bacterial interaction and killing by <i>Vermamoeba</i> in PO₄^3- and NH₄⁺ enrichment. In contrast, <i>Acanthamoeba</i> and <i>Heterolobosea</i> had weaker effects. A mixed FLA consortium, however, eliminated <i>E. mundtii</i> faster than any single FLA species. The YOLOv5 model trained on an annotated dataset and validated against manual viable-cell counts reliably tracked FLA movement. These findings suggest that tailoring nutrient levels in TWW can enhance the biocontrol function of FLAs. Our interdisciplinary approach lays groundwork for ecological and AI-informed strategies to make TWW reuse safer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"2969-2984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carboxymethyl cellulose reinforced graphene oxide-MoS₂ for photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): process optimization and mechanism.","authors":"Syafarina Farisa Sateria, Kavirajaa Pandian Sambasevam, Ahmad Husaini Mohamed, Ali H Jawad, Yamin Yasin, Siti Nor Atika Baharin","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2026.2700376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2026.2700376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), remains a major environmental challenge due to its exceptional chemical stability, resistance to conventional treatment technologies. In this study, a sustainable carboxymethyl cellulose-reinforced graphene oxide/molybdenum disulfide hydrogel (MoS₂/GO/CMC) was developed as a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for PFOA degradation under low-power LED irradiation. The photocatalytic process was optimized using Response Surface Methodology based on a Box-Behnken Design, evaluating the effects of irradiation power (7-12 W), catalyst dosage (0-0.04 g), and initial PFOA concentration (10-50 mg L^-¹). The optimized conditions (12 W, 0.04 g catalyst, and 30 mg L^-¹ PFOA) achieved 99.8% degradation efficiency, with the developed quadratic model exhibiting excellent predictive capability (R² = 0.9974). Characterization results confirmed integration of MoS₂ and GO within the CMC matrix, producing a heterostructure with a narrow band gap of 1.12 eV, enhanced charge separation, and suppressed electron-hole recombination. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-first-order degradation behaviour with a rate constant of 0.013 min^-¹ and a half-life of 0.89 h. Radical scavenging experiments identified superoxide radicals (O₂•^-) as the dominant reactive species governing PFOA degradation. LC-MS analysis confirmed a stepwise chain-shortening degradation pathway involving intermediates such as PFHpA, PFPeA, and PFBA, indicating progressive defluorination and carbon-carbon bond cleavage. The hydrogel demonstrated excellent stability, retaining over 96% of its initial activity after seven cycles. An Electrical Energy per Order (EEO) value of 444.6 kWh m^-³ order^-¹ highlights the feasibility of low-energy operation. These findings demonstrate that MoS₂/GO/CMC hydrogels offer an environmentally benign, recoverable, and energy-efficient for PFAS remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":"47 20","pages":"2888-2911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}