{"title":"Remediation of oil-polluted soil using anionic and non-ionic composite biosurfactants.","authors":"Yanxin Zhao, Yuhuan Sun, Fang Zuo, Haihan Sun, Shaoping Kuang, Shuwu Zhang, Fayuan Wang","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2366448","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2366448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Petroleum hydrocarbons as pervasive pollutants pose a significant threat to soil ecology and human health. Surfactant washing as an established technique can effectively remediate soils contaminated by hydrocarbons. Biosurfactants, which combine the properties of surfactants and environmental compatibility, have attracted increasing interest. However, due to the high production cost of biosurfactants, their practical application is restricted. This study addressed these limitations by selecting two biosurfactants, β-cyclodextrin (C1) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (C2), and developed a promising cleaning agent formula through compounding and the addition of suitable additives. When the volume ratio of C1 to C2 was 8:2 and an 8 g/L mixture of sodium humate and sodium carbonate electrolyte was added, the surfactant system's surface tension reached a minimum, yielding optimal oil removal. The formation and synergistic behaviour of mixed micelles of surfactants were explained using ideal solution theory and the Rubingh model. By optimising the oil washing process parameters - normal temperature of 25 °C, pH 11, washing time of 2 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, and oscillation frequency of 200 r/min - the oil removal rate achieved 76%. This cleaning agent, characterised by low production cost, straightforward application, environmental compatibility, and rapid, significant cleaning effect, shows potential for field-scale purification of petroleum-contaminated soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"636-650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141320768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2348674
Xinmin Liu, Zhaoxin Zhou, Ning Liu, Yuqing Huang, Qingjie Guo
{"title":"Treatment of phenolic wastewater in an anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell filled with graphene oxide-macroporous adsorption resin as multifunctional carrier.","authors":"Xinmin Liu, Zhaoxin Zhou, Ning Liu, Yuqing Huang, Qingjie Guo","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2348674","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2348674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel graphene oxide-modified resin (graphene oxide-macroporous adsorption resin) was prepared and used as a multifunctional carrier in an anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (AFB-MFC) to treat phenolic wastewater (PW). The macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) was used as the carrier, graphene oxide was used as the modified material, the conductive modified resin was prepared by loading graphene oxide (GO) on the resin through chemical reduction. The modified resin particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), specific surface area and pore structure analysis. Graphene oxide-macroporous adsorption resin special model was established using the Amorphous Cell module in Materials Studio (MS), and the formation mechanism of graphene oxide-macroporous adsorption resin was studied using mean square displacement (MSD) of the force module. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the motion law of molecular and atomic dynamics at the interface of graphene oxide-macroporous adsorption resin composites. The strong covalent bond between GO and MAR ensures the stability of GO/MAR. When the modified resin prepared in 3.0 mg/mL GO mixture was used in the AFB-MFC, the COD removal of wastewater was increased by 9.1% to 72.44%, the voltage was increased by 84.04% to 405.8 mV, and power density was increased by 765.44% to 242.67 mW/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"165-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140891627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2354123
Mingzhu Wang, Ying Huang, Dong Zhang, Yuan He
{"title":"Sludge deep dewatering by liquefied dimethyl ether: selection of operating conditions based on response surface methodology.","authors":"Mingzhu Wang, Ying Huang, Dong Zhang, Yuan He","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2354123","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2354123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sludge is an inevitable by-product of the sewage treatment process and its high moisture content poses significant challenges for its treatment and disposal. This study focuses on the technology of sludge deep dewatering using liquefied dimethyl ether (DME) and explores the relationship between operating parameters (DME/sludge ratio, extraction time and stirring speed) and the water content of the sludge after deep dewatering. After deep dewatering, the sludge's lower heating value (LHV) was significantly increased. The dehydrated filtrate is highly biodegradable and could be treated together with sewage. Based on the response surface method of central composite design, a second-order regression model of the above three variables and sludge water content as the response was established. Finally, the operating conditions diagram was drawn by target water content (36.96 wt.%) which meets the requirement of self-sustained incineration and model equation. This study provides a valuable perspective on sludge drying and fuelisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"289-302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of coil diameter on water disinfection efficiency in a helical photoreactor using ultraviolet-C light emitting diodes.","authors":"Chien-Ping Wang, Yu-Cheng Chang, Yung-Hsiang Lin, Qiang Jia","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2354122","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2354122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the disinfection efficiency of a photoreactor equipped with a helical water flow channel and ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light emitting diodes (LEDs). Theoretical simulations and biodosimetry tests were conducted to investigate the effects of coil diameter and flow rate on the reactor's performance in inactivating <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The interplay between hydrodynamics and UV radiation was analyzed to determine the UV fluence absorbed by the microbes. The simulations revealed that, primarily due to the specific radiation pattern of the UV LEDs, the coil diameter strongly influenced the distribution of irradiance in the water and the UV fluence received by microbes. The experimental results indicated that the photoreactor achieved the highest inactivation value of 2.8 log when the coil diameter was 48 mm for a flow rate of 40 mL/min; this log value was superior to those for coil diameters of 16, 32, 64, and 80 mm by approximately 1.9, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.7 log units, respectively. This optimal coil diameter leading to the maximal UV irradiance and the highest degree of irradiance uniformity along the flow channel. This study offers design guidelines for constructing a high-efficiency water disinfection reactor with a helical flow channel configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"279-288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2359095
Prakash Singh, Pallavi Dogra, Ajay S Kalamdhad
{"title":"Effects of pelletization on biomethane production from wheat straw.","authors":"Prakash Singh, Pallavi Dogra, Ajay S Kalamdhad","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2359095","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2359095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high lignin content and low bulk density of wheat straw pose challenges for biogas production. To overcome these hurdles, pretreatment and biomass pelletization have emerged as viable options. Thus, this research aims to reduce the recalcitrant nature of WS by employing various thermal pretreatment techniques and identifying the optimum parameters (temperature and time). To prepare pellets, a mixture comprising wheat straw (subjected to the best pretreatment) and cow manure pellets (WCP) at varying substrate and binder (S<sub>vs</sub>/B<sub>vs</sub>) ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 were used. Parameters such as density, water absorption, and drop shattering were evaluated to evaluate the physical characteristics of produced WCP. Additionally, the biomethane yield test of WCP (exhibiting the most favourable physical characteristics) was performed with various total solids (TS) concentrations from 4 to 12%. The WS demonstrated the highest sCOD solubilisation of 9066 mg/L when subjected to a hot air oven pretreatment (90 min at 110°C). The physical qualities of WCP were found to be dependent on the S<sub>vs</sub>/B<sub>vs</sub> ratio (with the optimal ratio being 2.0). It was also observed that a TS content of 6% yielded the highest biomethane production (253.85 mL/g-VS<sub>consumed</sub>). In summary, this study's conclusion waves the path of management of wheat straw and cow dung while simultaneously generating bioenergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"431-442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2360231
R Tsolele, O A Arotiba, S P Malinga
{"title":"Improving selectivity and antifouling properties of a PES hollow fibre membrane with a photo-enzyme for the removal of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole.","authors":"R Tsolele, O A Arotiba, S P Malinga","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2360231","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2360231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A multifunctional hollow fibre was prepared by the modification of polyethersulfone (PES) with laccase (Lac) and phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride (P-gC<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) for the removal of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole. The properties and structure elucidation of the prepared membranes were evaluated using contact angle analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), tensile strength, water-intake capacity, and pure water flux. The modified multifunctional hollow fibre membranes showed increased root mean square surface roughness from 50 nm for neat PES to 104 nm, which contributed to the significantly higher water flux of 90 L.m<sup>-2</sup>h<sup>-1</sup> compared to 54 L.m<sup>-2</sup>h<sup>-1</sup> for pristine PES. The hydrophilicity also improved after modification as the contact angle reduced from 72° ± 1.01° to 42° ± 2.26°. The modified hollow fibre membranes showed an enhanced removal of ciprofloxacin (77%) and sulfamethoxazole (80%). Moreover, antifouling properties towards bovine serum albumin were 89% for FRR, 7% for <i>R<sub>r</sub></i>, 9% for <i>R<sub>ir</sub></i> and 17% for <i>R<sub>t</sub></i>. Regeneration studies showed that the multifunctional hollow fibre membrane obtained a high removal percentage of 79% towards sulfamethoxazole after five cycles. Hence, this work proposes a new system that can be successfully utilized in the treatment of emerging pharmaceutical pollutants in water.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"453-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141236245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2357696
Jan Homa, Kosma Konończuk, Robert Frankowski, Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak, Łukasz Ławniczak, Łukasz Chrzanowski, Witold Stachowiak, Michał Niemczak
{"title":"Cations impact the biodegradation of iodosulfuron-methyl herbicidal ionic liquids by fungi.","authors":"Jan Homa, Kosma Konończuk, Robert Frankowski, Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak, Łukasz Ławniczak, Łukasz Chrzanowski, Witold Stachowiak, Michał Niemczak","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2357696","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2357696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the framework of this study, six fungal isolates which demonstrated a high capability for biodegrading iodosulphuron-methyl sodium as well as herbicidal ionic liquids based on this herbicide were isolated from different soil samples. The isolates were identified based on the ITS region, whereas biodegradation residues were determined based on LC-MS/MS. Depending on the isolate, the half-lives values of the biodegraded herbicide or herbicidal ionic liquid ranged significantly from just 1.25 days to more than 40 days. The research findings unveiled that the structure of cations is a central limiting factor affecting fungal growth and herbicide transformation in case of ionic liquids. The length of the alkyl chain has been identified as the primary driver of herbicide toxicity, emphasizing the importance of structural factors in herbicide design. In cases when dodecyl(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethyl cation was used, its biodegradation ranged from 0 to approx. 20% and the biodegradability of the iodosulfuron-methyl was notably limited for the majority of the studied isolates. This knowledge provides guidance for development and selection of herbicides with reduced environmental impact. This study highlights the ecological importance of soil fungi, their potential role in herbicide biodegradation, the influence of cations on fungal growth and herbicide transformation, and the structural factors governing herbicide toxicity. Further research in these areas may lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly approaches to herbicide management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"387-400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sludge reduction and hydrogen production in a microbial photoelectrochemical cell with a g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/CQDs/BiOBr composite photocathode.","authors":"Yue Li, Jinyu Zhao, Lili Lin, Jing Li, Ziru Gao, Jiayi Li, Yingying Gu","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2361486","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2361486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) remains a pivotal clean energy source, and the emergence of Solar-powered Microbial Photoelectrochemical Cells (MPECs) presents promising avenues for H<sub>2</sub> production while concurrently aiding organic matter degradation. This study introduces an MPEC system employing a g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/CQDs/BiOBr photocathode and a bioanode, successfully achieving simultaneous H<sub>2</sub> production and sludge reduction. The research highlights the effective formation of a Z-type heterojunction in the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/CQDs/BiOBr photocathode, substantially enhancing the photocurrent response under light conditions. Operating at - 0.4 V versus RHE, it demonstrated a current density of - 3.25 mA·cm<sup>-2</sup>, surpassing that of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/BiOBr (-2.25 mA·cm<sup>-2</sup>) by 1.4 times and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (-2.04 mA·cm<sup>-2</sup>) by 1.6 times. When subjected to visible light irradiation and a 0.8 V applied bias voltage, the MPEC system achieved a current density of 1.0 mA·cm<sup>-2</sup>. The cumulative H<sub>2</sub> production of the MPEC system reached 8.9 mL, averaging a production rate of 0.13 mL·h<sup>-1</sup>. In the anode chamber, the degradation rates of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), proteins, polysaccharides, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the sludge were recorded at 57.18%, 82.64%, 64.98%, 86.39%, 42.81%, 67.34%, and 29.01%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"539-552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2364308
Daiane Rossi, Fernando Henrique Lermen, Marcia Elisa Soares Echeveste
{"title":"Hierarchical analysis of barriers to circular business models in the recycling industry.","authors":"Daiane Rossi, Fernando Henrique Lermen, Marcia Elisa Soares Echeveste","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2364308","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2364308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circular business models in manufacturing, especially in the recycling industry, face many barriers that need to be managed and mitigated for successful business implementation. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the hierarchy of the main barriers to the implementation of circular business models in the recycling industry and evaluate strategies to overcome them. To achieve this goal, we first conducted a systematic literature review on barriers to implementing circular business models. Second, barriers were prioritized through a survey followed by an expert focus group. Building on these steps, we used interpretive structural modeling combined with a 'matrix of cross-impact multiplications applied to classification' to identify the hierarchy among barriers and describe their interdependencies. As key findings, 10 barriers were prioritized through a survey to identify the most important barriers for the recycling industry. The hierarchy of these barriers highlights regulation and government incentives as the most important, followed by those related to supply chain collaboration and lack of material flow indicators. Finally, internal barriers appear as high investments and associated risks. Finally, we suggest strategies to overcome these barriers based on their hierarchy. The implications of this study provide a proposal of strategies for implementing circular business models in the recycling industry, derived from the hierarchical correlation among the barriers, and can be applied in different regions through expert opinion assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"613-628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental TechnologyPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2356225
Chenxi Zhang, Jingze Peng, Shuai Zhang, Bin Chen, Pengxiang Qiu
{"title":"Modified activated carbon material-assisted electrochemical disinfection effectively inactivate antibiotic-resistant bacteria.","authors":"Chenxi Zhang, Jingze Peng, Shuai Zhang, Bin Chen, Pengxiang Qiu","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2356225","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2356225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>The production and widespread transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) pose an emerging threat to global public health. Electrochemical disinfection (ED) is an environmentally friendly disinfection technology widely utilized to inactivate ARB. This study explored the effect of modified activated carbon material (MACM) assisted ED on multi-ARB inactivation and the regeneration ability. The established ED technique was proven to be effective in inactivating multi-resistant ARB. Specifically, a 5-log ARB removal was achieved within 30 min treatment of MACM-assisted ED at 2.5 V. Additionally, no ARB regrowth was observed, indicating a permanent inactivation of ARB. The high level of reactive chlorine induced by MACM electrolysis was stressful to the ARB. Reactive chlorine led to overproduction of reactive oxygen species and damage of cell membranes in cells, accelerating the inactivation of ARB. Conclusively, the MACM-assisted ED method demonstrated efficient performance for ARB inactivation, implying this method is a promising alternative to traditional disinfection methods in countering ARB transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"349-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}