European Journal of Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Current perspective on resectability in stage III locally advanced NSCLC – The thoracic surgeons’ view","authors":"Clemens Aigner ,&nbsp;Natalie Baldes ,&nbsp;Merjem Begic ,&nbsp;Fabian Doerr ,&nbsp;Mir Alireza Hoda ,&nbsp;Servet Bölükbas","doi":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surgical expertise is crucial in determining resectability. Due to differences in surgical expertise, cooperation with other surgical departments, and technical equipment available, a differentiation between “standard resectability” and “resectability with advanced technical requirements” can introduce a clear decision algorithm for interdisciplinary tumorboards. The current 2024 EORTC survey highlights areas with a lack of consensus on surgical indications in stage III NSCLC. T4 NSCLC with involvement of adjacent structures should be managed in high-volume, experienced centers following MDT discussion.</div><div>Future research should focus on refining selection criteria for surgery and optimize treatment strategies in patients with locally advanced NSCLC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11980,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cancer","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 115426"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiological adverse events in hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy: Influence of comorbidities and clinical outcomes","authors":"Marta Fortuny ,&nbsp;Marta García-Calonge ,&nbsp;Óscar Arrabal ,&nbsp;Marco Sanduzzi-Zamparelli ,&nbsp;Andrés Castaño-García ,&nbsp;Enric Cascos ,&nbsp;Alicia Mesa ,&nbsp;Ana María Piedra-Cerezal ,&nbsp;Neus Llarch ,&nbsp;Gemma Iserte ,&nbsp;Marta Campos ,&nbsp;Melina González ,&nbsp;Aida Marsal ,&nbsp;Rebeca Lorca ,&nbsp;Manuel Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Ferran Torres ,&nbsp;María Varela ,&nbsp;María Reig","doi":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Immunotherapy-based combinations have revolutionized the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), improving overall survival (OS). However, these therapies are associated with adverse events (AEs), particularly cardiological complications and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which may adversely affect outcomes. The influence of comorbid conditions such as arterial hypertension (AHT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the incidence and prognosis of cardiological AEs in HCC patients remains understudied.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 109 HCC patients treated with atezolizumab-bevacizumab, tremelimumab-durvalumab, or durvalumab as first-line therapy at two Spanish medical centers from 2017–2023. Patients were stratified by comorbidities, AE incidence, and cardiological risk (CARDIOSOR scale). The primary endpoints were the incidence of treatment-modifying AEs and MACE, and their association with survival.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the cohort, 50.5 % experienced AEs of special interest (AESI), with 34 % considered immune-related (irAE). MACE occurred in 7.3 % of patients, including myocarditis (3.7 %). The CARDIOSOR scale identified a higher risk of MACE in patients with AHT, T2DM, or both (OR: 5.07, p = 0.034). Early cardiological AEs were independently associated with worse OS (HR: 3.38, p = 0.04). Patients with both AHT and T2DM exhibited higher rates of MACE (16.7 %) and treatment discontinuation (25.9 %). The CARDIOSOR scale effectively stratified patients into high-risk groups, correlating with increased MACE rates and poor survival outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Comorbid conditions, particularly AHT and T2DM, amplify the risk of MACE and influence treatment discontinuation. The CARDIOSOR scale is a valuable tool for personalized risk assessment, guiding tailored therapeutic strategies. Integrating cardiovascular risk management into HCC care is crucial for optimizing both oncological and cardiovascular outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11980,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cancer","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 115404"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Implementation of paediatric precision oncology into clinical practice: The individualized therapies for children with cancer program ‘iTHER’” [Eur J Cancer 175 (2022) 311–325]","authors":"Karin P.S. Langenberg ,&nbsp;Michael T. Meister ,&nbsp;Jette J. Bakhuizen ,&nbsp;Judith M. Boer ,&nbsp;Natasha K.A. van Eijkelenburg ,&nbsp;Esther Hulleman ,&nbsp;Uri Ilan ,&nbsp;Eleonora J. Looze ,&nbsp;Miranda P. Dierselhuis ,&nbsp;Jasper van der Lugt ,&nbsp;Willemijn Breunis ,&nbsp;Linda G. Schild ,&nbsp;Kimberley Ober ,&nbsp;Sander R. van Hooff ,&nbsp;Marijn A. Scheijde-Vermeulen ,&nbsp;Laura S. Hiemcke-Jiwa ,&nbsp;Uta E. Flucke ,&nbsp;Mariette E.G. Kranendonk ,&nbsp;Pieter Wesseling ,&nbsp;Edwin Sonneveld ,&nbsp;Jan J. Molenaar","doi":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11980,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cancer","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 115423"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical course of Merkel cell carcinoma: A DeCOG multicenter study of 1049 patients","authors":"Georg C. Lodde ,&nbsp;Ulrike Leiter ,&nbsp;Anja Gesierich ,&nbsp;Thomas Eigentler ,&nbsp;Axel Hauschild ,&nbsp;Claudia Pföhler ,&nbsp;Thilo Gambichler ,&nbsp;Rudolf Herbst ,&nbsp;Friedegund Meier ,&nbsp;Jessica C. Hassel ,&nbsp;Frank Meiß ,&nbsp;Peter Mohr ,&nbsp;Patrick Terheyden ,&nbsp;Georgios Nikolakis ,&nbsp;Markus Hecht ,&nbsp;Andreas Stang ,&nbsp;Mazdak Dalkoohi ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Galetzka ,&nbsp;Selma Ugurel ,&nbsp;Jürgen C. Becker","doi":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive skin cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation characterized by frequent recurrences. Large epidemiological databases (e.g., SEER, IARC) lack granularity in analyzing associations between tumor, patient characteristics, locoregional interventions and recurrence patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>Within the pre-immunotherapy era (1998–2017) <strong>t</strong>he DeCOG MCC registry included 1049 patients with histopathologically confirmed MCC. Patient/tumor characteristics, treatment details, and outcomes were analyzed. Primary endpoints were progression-free probability (PFP) and disease-specific survival (DSS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median age at diagnosis was 74 years; 50.4 % were males. Primary tumors most frequently occurred on the head/neck (32.2 %) and upper extremities (29.1 %). One-third of patients presented with stage ≥IIIA disease. At a median follow-up of 10 years, 36- and 60-months PFP rates were 69.0 % and 63.9 %, respectively; DSS rates were 86.9 % and 82.6 %. Surgical margins of 1–2 cm provided the best PFP and DSS improvement; margins &gt; 2 cm did not further improve clinical outcome. Similarly, for stage IIIA patients a complete lymph node dissection (CLND) did neither improve PFP nor DSS. Early radiotherapy (&lt;8 weeks post-diagnosis) significantly improved PFP (HR 1.36) and DSS (HR 1.79). Expansion of radiotherapy to lymph node bed showed no additional benefit. Patients with multiple metastases at first recurrence had poorer DSS (HR 2.0) compared to those with single metastases, irrespective of locoregional or distant spread.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MCC outcomes are optimized with surgical margins of 1–2 cm and timely adjuvant radiotherapy. Larger margins, CLND in stage IIIA, or extended treatment radiation fields did not improve survival outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11980,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cancer","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 115406"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to letter commenting on “Association of pregnancy with tumour progression in patients with glioma”","authors":"Annette Leibetseder,&nbsp;Anna Sophie Berghoff","doi":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11980,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cancer","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 115411"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in the oncology residency training curriculum","authors":"Ana Romero-Alfaro","doi":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11980,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cancer","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 115407"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk stratification using the Merlin Assay (CP-GEP) in an independent cohort of 930 patients with clinical stage I/II melanoma who did not undergo sentinel lymph node biopsy","authors":"Teresa Amaral ,&nbsp;Eftychia Chatziioannou ,&nbsp;Alica Nuebling ,&nbsp;Lena Nanz ,&nbsp;Tobias Sinnberg ,&nbsp;Heike Niessner ,&nbsp;Tim Arentsen ,&nbsp;Romy Ruiter ,&nbsp;Jvalini Dwarkasing ,&nbsp;Alexander M. Eggermont ,&nbsp;Ulrike Leiter ,&nbsp;Lukas Flatz ,&nbsp;Stephan Forchhammer","doi":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>More than 80 % of patients with melanoma are diagnosed without nodal metastasis, but most of those who relapse or die from melanoma are initially diagnosed as low risk early-stage. Here we investigate the ability of the Merlin Assay to stratify patients who did not undergo sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for their risk of recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>930 patients with clinical stage I/II primary cutaneous melanoma from the University of Tuebingen diagnosed between 2000 and 2020 were analyzed. None of the patients included underwent SLNB. The Merlin Assay combines patient age at diagnosis, Breslow thickness, and gene expression of eight specific genes from the primary tumor. Risk output labels are High Risk and Low Risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Clinicopathological gene expression profile (CP-GEP) identified 879 patients as Low Risk and 51 patients as High Risk. The 10-year RFS (HR 20.07; p &lt; 0.001) and DMFS (HR 19.39; p &lt; 0.001) were significantly higher in CP-GEP Low Risk versus High Risk patients. Similar results were observed in 10-year MSS (HR 35.85; p &lt; 0.001). CP-GEP analysis of lentigo maligna melanoma and acral lentiginous melanoma showed that the performance of assay was independent of melanoma histological subtypes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study shows that CP-GEP has the potential to stratify patients with early-stage melanoma who did not undergo SLNB based on their risk of recurrence. Patients with CP-GEP Low Risk have a significantly better long-term survival. CP-GEP shows to be promising for guiding SLNB referral and may support melanoma care by optimizing personalized treatment plans and potential surveillance regimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11980,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cancer","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 115372"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular hyperselection for optimal choice of first-line targeted therapy independent of primary tumor sidedness: An exploratory analysis of the randomized FIRE-3 study performed in RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer","authors":"Lena Weiss ,&nbsp;Sebastian Stintzing ,&nbsp;Arndt Stahler ,&nbsp;C. Benedikt Westphalen ,&nbsp;Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal ,&nbsp;Thomas Decker ,&nbsp;Alexander Kiani ,&nbsp;Ursula Vehling-Kaiser ,&nbsp;Salah-Edin Al-Batran ,&nbsp;Tobias Heintges ,&nbsp;Christian A. Lerchenmüller ,&nbsp;Christoph Kahl ,&nbsp;Gernot Seipelt ,&nbsp;Frank Kullmann ,&nbsp;Kathrin Heinrich ,&nbsp;Julian Walter Holch ,&nbsp;Annabel Alig ,&nbsp;Andreas Jung ,&nbsp;Dominik Paul Modest ,&nbsp;Volker Heinemann","doi":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Molecular diagnostics play a pivotal role in guiding therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Current guidelines recommend stratification based on biomarkers such as RAS, BRAF, and DNA mismatch-repair (MMR) status to select between anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This retrospective analysis evaluated the randomized FIRE-3 study that compared first-line treatment with FOLFIRI plus cetuximab to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab in RAS wild-type patients. The present analysis included 199 patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type MMR proficient tumors. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was successfully performed in all patients and allowed stratification into hyperselected (no predefined genetic alterations) or gene altered subgroups using the previously published approach of the PRESSING-studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hyperselection according to PRESSING-3 was associated with a survival benefit from anti-EGFR-based therapy compared to bevacizumab (38.5 months vs. 27.5 months; HR 0.68; 95 % CI, 0.44–1.05; P = 0.08). This benefit was observed in both, right- and left-sided tumors, (HR 0.58 and HR 0.70). Patients with gene alterations showed inferior survival compared to hyperselected patients across all subgroups. In this unfavorable subgroup, application of cetuximab and bevacizumab were associated with comparable OS (total cohort: HR 1.04; 95 % CI, 0.61–1.79). Again, this finding was independent of primary tumor sidedness (left-sided tumors: HR 1.10; 95 % CI, 0.59–2.07; right-sided tumors: HR 1.05; 95 % CI, 0.31–3.55).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Molecular hyperselection facilitated by next generation sequencing could replace primary tumor sidedness as a tool of decision making for optimal choice of targeted therapy in first-line treatment of RAS wild-type mCRC</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11980,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cancer","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 115399"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: 5-year follow-up from the randomized phase III KEYNOTE-048 study","authors":"Makoto Tahara ,&nbsp;Richard Greil ,&nbsp;Danny Rischin ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Harrington ,&nbsp;Barbara Burtness ,&nbsp;Gilberto de Castro ,&nbsp;Amanda Psyrri ,&nbsp;Irene Braña ,&nbsp;Prakash Neupane ,&nbsp;Åse Bratland ,&nbsp;Thorsten Fuereder ,&nbsp;Brett G.M. Hughes ,&nbsp;Ricard Mesía ,&nbsp;Nuttapong Ngamphaiboon ,&nbsp;Tamara Rordorf ,&nbsp;Wan Zamaniah Wan Ishak ,&nbsp;Jianxin Lin ,&nbsp;Burak Gumuscu ,&nbsp;Nati Lerman ,&nbsp;Denis Soulières","doi":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pembrolizumab monotherapy and pembrolizumab-chemotherapy demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) versus cetuximab-chemotherapy (EXTREME) in the primary analysis of the phase III KEYNOTE-048 study of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) in the first-line setting. We report updated data with 5 years of follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adults with previously untreated R/M HNSCC incurable by local therapy were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to pembrolizumab, pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy, or EXTREME. The primary endpoints were OS and progression-free survival (PFS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 882 participants were assigned to pembrolizumab, pembrolizumab-chemotherapy, or EXTREME. Median study follow-up was 69.2 months (pembrolizumab) and 68.6 months (pembrolizumab-chemotherapy). Median OS remained longer for pembrolizumab versus EXTREME in the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 20 (HR, 0.61; 95 % CI, 0.46–0.81) and CPS ≥ 1 populations (HR, 0.74; 95 % CI, 0.61–0.89), and similar in the total population (HR, 0.82; 95 % CI, 0.69–0.97). Pembrolizumab-chemotherapy prolonged median OS in the PD-L1 CPS ≥ 20 (HR, 0.63; 95 % CI, 0.47–0.84), CPS ≥ 1 (HR, 0.65; 95 % CI, 0.53–0.79), and total (HR, 0.72; 95 % CI, 0.60–0.86) populations. The 5-year OS rate in the total population was 14.4 % for pembrolizumab versus 6.5 % for EXTREME and 16.0 % for pembrolizumab-chemotherapy versus 5.2 % for EXTREME. There was no clinically meaningful difference in PFS among pembrolizumab, pembrolizumab-chemotherapy, or EXTREME groups in any populations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These 5-year follow-up results support the use of pembrolizumab and pembrolizumab-chemotherapy as first-line standards of care for R/M HNSCC.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><div>NCT02358031.</div></div><div><h3>Prior Presentation</h3><div>Presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology Congress, September 9–13, 2022.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11980,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cancer","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 115395"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the potential for anti-PD-1 therapy in advanced rare skin carcinomas","authors":"Clio Dessinioti,&nbsp;Alexander J. Stratigos","doi":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review, focusing on cutaneous adnexal carcinomas, extramammary Paget disease (EMPD), cutaneous angiosarcomas (cAS) and Kaposi sarcoma (KS), summarizes their local recurrence and metastasis rates, tumor mutation burden (TMB), PD-L1 expression, and off-label treatment with systemic anti-PD-1 agents. PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were highly variable in adnexal carcinomas (also depending on the histological subtype), cAS and KS tumors, and some responses were noted even in lack of PD-L1 expression or in low-TMB tumors. There were encouraging best overall responses in patients with advanced rare skin carcinomas treated with anti-PD-1 agents in the literature, mostly after failure of other systemic treatments. We identified a total of 3 patients with sebaceous carcinoma (2 with complete response [CR], 1 with partial response [PR]), 5 with porocarcinoma (3 CR, 1 PR, 1 progression of disease [PD]), 2 with spiradenocarcinoma (1 PR, 1 PD), 1 with trichilemmal carcinoma with PR, 9 with EMPD (1 CR, 5 PR, 3 PD), 32 with cAS (5 CR, 18 PR, 9 PD), and 92 with KS (5 CR, 53 PR, 23 SD, 11 PD). However, a large variety of anti-PD-1 agents were used, in monotherapy or in combination with other systemic therapy, in a relatively small number of patients, limiting interpretations on their individual efficacy. The development of clinical guidelines on rare skin carcinomas may provide standardized guidance to physicians towards best care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11980,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Cancer","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115403"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}