EUREKA: Life Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Featuring Colleen St. Clair","authors":"Noam H. Sander","doi":"10.29173/eureka28791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/eureka28791","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Colleen St. Clair is a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta, and her research focuses on animal behavior and human-wildlife conflict.","PeriodicalId":11962,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74729793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Featured Research Images","authors":"Juliette Eshleman, Matthew Birtle, Katherine Souter, Kira Sviderskaia, Camila Quiroz, Ashlyn Waters, Sabrina Strelkov, Annie Wei","doi":"10.29173/eureka28787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/eureka28787","url":null,"abstract":"Featured on this issue's front and back covers, we have \"Mast Cell Degranulation in Response to Rho Activating Drugs\" created by Juliette Eshleman and \"Galaxies of Glia Interface with Technology\" created by Matthew Birtle. Other featured images include \"Astrocytes: the stars of the brain\" by Katherine Souter, \"Morphological changes in microglia upon sensing the environment\" by Kira Sviderskaia, \"The Solar Farming Revolution: Agrivoltaics is Changing the Game\" by Camila Quiroz, \"AW1, a novel Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum bacteriophage\" by Ashlyn Waters, \"Golden Canola\" by Sabrina Strelkov, and \"Augmented Reality x Rehabilitation\" by Annie Wei.","PeriodicalId":11962,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82910846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Featured Researchers","authors":"Katherine Souter, Kira Sviderskaia, Camila Quiroz, Ashlyn Waters, Sabrina Strelkov, Annie Wei, Acacia Lechot","doi":"10.29173/eureka28795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/eureka28795","url":null,"abstract":"Katherine Souter, Kira Sviderskaia, Camila Quiroz, Ashlyn Waters, Sabrina Strelkov, Annie Wei, and Acacia Lechot give a glimpse into undergraduate research. Images of their work are included in the \"Featured Research Images\" section of this issue.","PeriodicalId":11962,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79311209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The McGurk Effect Across Languages","authors":"Andres Dorado Solarte","doi":"10.29173/eureka28785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/eureka28785","url":null,"abstract":"The McGurk effect denotes a phenomenon of speech perception where a listener attends to mismatched audio and visual stimuli and perceives an illusory third sound, typically a conflation of the audio-visual stimulus. This multimodal interaction has been exploited in various English-language experiments. The article explores the manifestations of this effect in other languages, such as Japanese and Chinese, as well as considerations for age and keenness (hearing acuity) through a literary review of existing research. The literature confirms the McGurk effect is present in other languages, albeit to differing degrees. The differences in the McGurk effect across languages may be attributed to linguistic and cultural differences. Age differences demonstrate a greater lip-reading reliance as age increases in participants; a similar reliance on visual information is seen in participants as hearing impairment increases. Experimental designs should refine audiovisual stimuli by using immersive technology such as three-dimensional models in virtual reality or ambisonic playback that offers multi-directional sound signals. Future research should also address the influence of audiovisual integration in marketing, foreign language education, and developing better accommodations for the hearing impaired.","PeriodicalId":11962,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80333791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic action of carvedilol and clomiphene in mitigating the behavioral phenotypes of letrozole-model of PCOS rats by modulating the NRF2/NFKB pathway.","authors":"O. Akintoye, A. Ajibare, Isaac A. Oriyomi, B. Olofinbiyi, Yusuf Grace Oyiza, Afuye Damilola Christanah, T. Babalola, Faturoti Oluwadamilola Esther, Oludipe Seun, V. B. Owoyele","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4385604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4385604","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Psychiatric and cognitive impairment has been observed in premenopausal women with a hormonal disorder called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed to explore the possibility of combining pharmacological agents: Carvedilol and Clomiphene citrate, with antiestrogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in letrozole-induced PCOS rats.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000PCOS was induced in rats by the administration of letrozole (1 mg/kg) daily for 21 days. They were subsequently divided into four groups, each receiving either the vehicle or Clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg) or Carvedilol or a combination of Clomiphene citrate and Carvedilol, respectively from days 22-36. Neurobehavioral studies were conducted on day 35 (Elevated plus maze and Y maze) and day 36 (Novel object recognition). The serum levels of the antioxidants Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Interleukin 1B (IL-1B), and the gene expression of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Nuclear Factor k-Beta (NFKB), and acetylcholine esterase in the frontal brain homogenate was determined.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULT\u0000Both Carvedilol and the combination therapy reversed the anxiety-like behavior, while Clomiphene citrate and the combination therapy ameliorated the spatial and non-spatial memory impairment observed in PCOS rats. Carvedilol, Clomiphene citrate, and the combination therapy increased the serum concentration of SOD and Catalase and decreased the serum concentration of IL-1B. The combination therapy up-regulated the NRF-2, NFKB, and acetylcholine esterase gene expression.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Study showed that the combination of carvedilol and clomiphene citrate has anxiolytic potential and improved cognitive functions in PCOS rats. This might have been achieved by carvedilol and clomiphene citrate's ability to modulate the cholinergic system and the Nrf2 pathway while downregulating the NFκB signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":11962,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85080914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic actions of Alpelisib and Melatonin in breast cancer cell lines with PIK3CA gene mutation.","authors":"Bianca Lara Venâncio de Godoy, M. Moschetta-Pinheiro, L. G. de Almeida Chuffa, N. Pondé, R. Reiter, Jucimara Colombo, D. A. P. de Campos Zuccari","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4327443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4327443","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS\u0000Breast cancer (BC) presents high mortality rate and about 25-46 % have mutation in the PIK3CA gene. Alpelisib is a PI3K inhibitor that acts on p110α, which is a subunit of the PI3K protein. The melatonin shown important anti-neoplastic effects and may increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy. This study evaluated the synergistic action of Alpelisib and Melatonin in BC lines carrying the H1047R mutation in PIK3CA, relative to the cellular dynamics and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.\u0000\u0000\u0000MAIN METHODS\u0000MDA-MB-468 (triple-ernegative), MDA-MB-453 (H1047R PIK3CA, HER2+) and T-47D cells (H1047R PIK3CA, ER+/PR+) were divided into four treatment groups: control; Melatonin (1 mM); Alpelisib (1 μM); and Alpelisib (1 μM) + Melatonin (1 mM). Cell viability and migration were investigated using the MTT assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Protein expression of PI3K, p-AKT, mTOR, HIF-1α, and caspase-3, was verified using immunocytochemistry.\u0000\u0000\u0000KEY FINDINGS\u0000MTT assay revealed that MDA-MB-453 and T-47D showed reduction in cell viability in all groups, especially in the MDA-MB-453 treated with Melatonin + Alpelisib. MDA-MB-468 presents reduction in cell migration only with Melatonin, while in the lines with mutation, the treatment of Melatonin + Alpelisib caused inhibition of cell migration. PI3K, p-AKT, mTOR and HIF-1α were inhibited after treatment with Melatonin + Alpelisib in MDA-MB-453 and T-47D lines. The expression of caspase-3 increased in all groups in MDA-MB-453 and T-47D cells, being the increase more pronounced in the Melatonin + Alpelisib group.\u0000\u0000\u0000SIGNIFICANCE\u0000These results indicate that the combined use of Melatonin and Alpelisib may be more effective in inhibiting BC in women carrying the PIK3CA gene mutation than either treatment alone.","PeriodicalId":11962,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78345711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel insights and mechanisms of diet-induced obesity: Mid-term versus long-term effects on hepatic transcriptome and antioxidant capacity in Sprague-Dawley rats.","authors":"Alejandro García-Beltrán, R. Martínez, J. Porres, F. Arrebola, Inmaculada Ruiz Artero, M. Galisteo, P. Aranda, G. Kapravelou, M. López-Jurado","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4367422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4367422","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS\u0000The study of molecular mechanisms related to obesity and associated pathologies like type 2-diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease requires animal experimental models in which the type of obesogenic diet and length of the experimental period to induce obesity deeply affect the metabolic alterations. Therefore, this study aimed to test the influence of aging along a rat model of diet-induced obesity in gene expression of the hepatic transcriptome.\u0000\u0000\u0000MAIN METHODS\u0000A high-fat/high-fructose diet to induce obesity was used. Mid- (13 weeks) and long-term (21 weeks) periods were established. Caloric intake, bodyweight, hepatic fat, fatty acid profile, histological changes, antioxidant activity, and complete transcriptome were analyzed.\u0000\u0000\u0000KEY FINDINGS\u0000Excess bodyweight, hepatic steatosis and altered lipid histology, modifications in liver antioxidant activity, and dysregulated expression of transcripts related to cell structure, glucose & lipid metabolism, antioxidant & detoxifying capacity were found. Modifications in obese and control rats were accounted for by the different lengths of the experimental period studied.\u0000\u0000\u0000SIGNIFICANCE\u0000Main mechanisms of hepatic fat accumulation were de novo lipogenesis or altered fatty acid catabolism for mid- or long-term study, respectively. Therefore, the choice of obesity-induction length is a key factor in the model of obesity used as a control for each specific experimental design.","PeriodicalId":11962,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88603911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Self-Control and Self-Awareness on Social Media Usage, Self-Esteem, and Affect","authors":"Valery Kalinin, Nukte Edguer","doi":"10.29173/eureka28781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/eureka28781","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background: With the increase in social media usage due to the COVID-19 pandemic, investigation into factors that mitigate excessive and problematic usage is warranted. Factors such as self-awareness were included in the analysis of social media usage as it leads individuals to focus on personal ideal standards, begging the question as to whether high self-awareness limits problematic social media usage. Self-control, strengthened by self-awareness, was measured to examine its involvement in limiting excessive social media usage. Self-esteem and affect were included in analyses as they have never been examined in relation to both self-awareness and social media usage. It was hypothesized that self-awareness would be negatively related to social media usage, given self-control levels are high. Furthermore, self-awareness would be positively related to self-control, self-esteem, and affect, given social media usage is low. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods: 125 psychology students (73.6% female) completed scales on self-awareness, social media usage, self-esteem, self-control, and affect. Linear regressions with moderation and mediation were conducted.  \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results:  No moderation occurred but it was found that self-control mediated the relationship between self-awareness and social media usage. Self-awareness was positively related to self-esteem, self-control, and positive affect. Social media usage was not significantly related to self-esteem, positive affect, or negative affect. Self-control acted as a mediator in numerous analyses involving self-awareness and social media usage. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: Self-awareness promotes self-control, resulting in reduced social media usage. Future research should focus on cultivating self-awareness and the consequent self-control to help avoid the negative outcomes associated with social media usage (e.g., reduced self-esteem). \u0000","PeriodicalId":11962,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86015795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cautious Optimism","authors":"Samuel A. Taylor","doi":"10.1051/epn/19922304076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/19922304076","url":null,"abstract":"Surgeons must balance the infection risk associated with fresh-frozen allograft tissue with the potential biomechanical inferiority of terminally irradiated tissue. The authors of the present study have made strides toward identifying a compromise between sterility and stability. We would suggest to the readers, however, that these are biomechanical results from the laboratory and do not represent patient outcomes. Thus, before the implementation of electron beam (e-beam) sterilization strategies, in vivo animal models should be investigated for biomechanical durability and histologic incorporation. ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) reconstruction involving allograft tissue has seen marked fluctuation with regard to use, acceptance, and excitement. Initially, allografts seemed to be the answer to reducing perioperative pain, limiting morbidity, and hastening recovery. This early enthusiasm has more recently been tempered by studies reporting significantly higher revision rates for ACL reconstructions performed with allograft compared with autograft tissue. The MOON group determined that use of allograft was a predictor of worse outcomes for the IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) questionnaire and KOOS (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) and that the odds of revision were four times higher among those who underwent ACL reconstruction with allograft compared with autograft. A meta-analysis of 5182 patients reported a threefold increase in the rerupture rate for BTB (bone-patellar tendon-bone) allograft reconstruction (12.7%) compared with BTB autograft (4.4%). A Canadian study involving nearly 13,000 ACL reconstructions indicated that allograft use was an independent risk factor for revision within five years. Another study of 122 military cadets who had undergone ACL reconstruction prior to matriculation demonstrated that those who underwent allograft reconstruction were 7.7 times more likely to undergo subsequent revision. When reading the above studies, it is important to remember that these were often mixed cohorts with regard to graft fixation and, perhaps more importantly, allograft processing. The critical question remains: Is the problem the allograft tissue itself or the manner in which it is processed? Although this answer remains elusive, the authors of the present study have made a valiant effort to address this question. It would appear that processing does play a role in graft failure. For example, high-dose gamma irradiation has been demonstrated to have detrimental effects on the biomechanical properties of grafts. In response, some surgeons have traded the biomechanical risk for infection and immunologic risks—turning to fresh-frozen, nonirradiated, allograft tissue. This exodus is supported by several recent clinical outcomes studies. A systematic review, for example, revealed no difference between autograft and non-chemically processed, nonirradiated allograft. Mariscalco et al. identified nine prospectiv","PeriodicalId":11962,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75073722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epoxy Withstands Medical Sterilisation","authors":"","doi":"10.12968/s0261-2097(23)60466-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12968/s0261-2097(23)60466-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11962,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78560649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}