Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment最新文献

{"title":"EVALUATION OF NATIVE SOAP (BLACK SOAP) FOR THE CONTROL OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND YIELD OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP) IN ABRAKA, DELTA STATE","authors":"Egho E.O","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.045.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.045.1","url":null,"abstract":"The experiments were carried out during the early and late planting seasons on a public land adjacent to Campus 2, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. The study evaluated native soap at 1, 2 and 3 percent concentrations for insecticidal property in the control of cowpea insect pests, namely cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, legume bud thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Tryb, legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fab. and pod sucking bugs. It also assessed influence of control on cowpea yield. The result showed that native soap at 3% concentrations significantly reduced (P<0.05) A. craccivora in the early season. M. sjostedti damage, thrip population, Maruca damage and pod sucking bug were generally low in this season. In the late season, colonies of A. craccivora were reduced at 1 and 2% concentrations. Similarly, all the tested concentrations checked flower thrips. Maruca damage was slightly suppressed at 1 and 2% native soap concentrations. The control plots had the highest population of sucking bugs suggesting that native soap had effect on bugs. Yields were 1,355.90kg ha-1, 1105.20kg ha-1 and 919.80kg ha-1 for 3%, 2% and 1% soap concentration respectively in the early season. Late season grain yield were 570.80kg ha-1, 510.10kg ha-1 and 358.90kg ha-1 for 3%, 1% and 2% respectively. Based on the high yields, particularly in the early season, the study suggests that native soap can be an effective insecticide against cowpea insect pests, and could form component of the integrated pest management. It was however, observed in the field that native soap caused delay and reduction in copious cowpea flowering. Eliminating this factor could be necessary to increase the efficacy of soap in the management of cowpea insect pests.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"3 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132063426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION USING VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING METHOD IN AGBARHA OTOR, DELTA STATE NIGERIA","authors":"E. Atakpo, Merrious Oviri Ofomola","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.086.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.086.1","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical resistivity sounding measurements were conducted at fifteen(15) locations in Agbarha-otor in Ughelli North Local Government Area in Delta State using Schlumberger electrode configuration. The field data where interpreted qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Five basic geoelectric layers were delineated in the area such as topsoil, laterite, fine sand and medium-coarse grain sand with resistivity ranging from 257- 3873!m, 479-3022!m, 519-3071!m and 1137-3735!m and a depth ranging from 0.6-1.5m, 3.8-9.5m, 11.6-51.6m respectively. The result of the study shows that, at a depth of 5.1-51.6m lies the aquifer in the area with resistivity ranging from 990-3071!m and the thickness of the aquifer in the area was observed to be between 9.1-47m. The NE part of the region is prone to contamination from human activity such as landfill as a result of the shallow depth to the top of the aquifer. Portable water can be obtained from VES8 and VES9 in NE-SW direction of the study area due to aquifer thickness of 47m and 43m respectively.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131205826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF POULTRY LITTER AND COW DUNG SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE BIOCONVERSION OF SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER","authors":"E. Akponah, Ikeanumba M.O","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.036.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.036.1","url":null,"abstract":"The suitability of poultry litter, cow dung and leguminous plant supplementation in the bioconversion of solid municipal waste to organic fertilizer using indigenous microorganisms was investigated. The windrow method of composting was adopted and five mesocosms designated cell I, II, III, IV and V were used. One hundred and twenty kilogram of solid waste which included municipal solid waste, grasses and leaves were distributed into the various mesocosms. Cells I, II and III were supplemented with poultry litter, cow dung and leguminous plants respectively. A combination of all the three supplements was added to cell IV while Cell V received no supplement. Each of these were allowed to compost for 90days. Average temperature values ranging from 39-51oC, 38-52oC, 31-48oC, 39-60oC and 32-42oC were recorded in cells I, II, III, IV and V respectively, throughout the composting duration. It was observed that total organic carbon, organic nitrogen and pH values decreased progressively with increase in composting duration. The pH values obtained decreased from 8.2 to 5.09 (cell I). 9.32 to 6.02 (cell II), 7.52 to 6.21 (cell III), 10.28 to 5.30 (cell IV) and 7.52 to 6.93 (cell V). At the end of composting, products of high nutrient value though to varying degree were obtained in various cells. The nutrient composition in cell I supplemented with poultry litter was 9.8mg/g (nitrate), 2.05mg/g (ammonium-nitrogen), 8.4mg/g (phosphate) and 0.04 mg/g (sulphate). Nutrient values of product obtained in cell II were 37.8mg/g (nitrate), 10.46 mg/g (ammonium-nitrogen), 15.82mg/g (phosphate) and 1.89mg/g (sulphate). In cell III, the values of nitrate, ammonium-nitrogen, phosphate and sulphate were 21.4, 5.73, 9.13 and 0.62 (mg/g) respectively. Highest values were obtained in cell IV with 85mg/g nitrate, 97mg/g ammonium-nitrogen, 28.4mg/g phosphate and 1.03mg/g sulphate. Loamy soil amended with the various produced compost, significantly influenced growth and development of bean seed used as indicator crop. Amendment of soil with NPK 15:15:15 yielded 15.3cm increase in leaf length and 8.25g crop dry weight. Analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference among the efficacies of various product as well as NPK fertilizer. However, t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the efficacies of product obtained from cell IV and NPK fertilizer. Simultaneously composting these wastes would act as potential sustainable environmentally friendly route of solid waste management and disposal as well as value added organic fertilizer for agronomic use.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128350785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE QUEST FOR A MALARIA VACCINE: CLEARING THE AIR","authors":"Emudainohwo J.O.T, E. d'E, Pachankar S.S, Siddiqui I.A, P. Somarapu, X. Zhang","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.041.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.041.1","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria has continued to be a life-threatening scourge predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. Attempts to eradicate it in the past as failed and it is now re-emerging, at a very fast rate, in areas hitherto not known to inhabit the parasite. 40 % of the global population is at risk of malaria, with around 300 million persons, mainly children of 6 months to 5 years, suffering from malaria yearly. This situation is made possible by loop-holes in global malaria control programme; excruciating poverty; population movements; conflicts; environmental and climate changes. Malaria parasites are becoming resistant to drugs and mosquitoes are showing resistance to chemical means of control. Recognizing the failures of past initiatives, and in the light of emerging data on the potentials of vaccines in a sustained attack on malaria, malaria vaccine is increasingly being embraced as a solution to the menace of malaria. Presently, no malaria vaccine is licensed, but with funding from the Wellcome Trust in the U.K., and from the U.S., as well as grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, research has reached a heightened peak and vaccine candidate, targeted at one or more stages of the Malaria parasite’s life-cycle and could interfere successfully with infection, and parasitemia in the host or vector, or even block the manifestations of clinical disease, are currently in different trial stages and leading to a successful development of a vaccine for malaria. In reviewing the different malaria vaccine candidates presently under development, we can conclude, based on data on percentage efficacy, that the RTS, S/AS02A - a pre-erythrocytic vaccine remains the leading candidate towards our search for a malaria vaccine.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115685103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF STAKING HEIGHTS AND INTERCROPPING PRODUCTIVITY IN A YAM BASED CROPPING SYSTEM","authors":"F. Emuh, L. Okonmah, E. Oyefia","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.114.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.114.1","url":null,"abstract":"There is a dearth of information on staking height of yam and its intercropping potentials in Southern Nigeria. The study was therefore to evaluate the effect of different staking heights and intercropping productivity in a yam cropping system. Two field experiments were conducted in 2008 and in 2009. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete design with four replicates. Yam with different staking heights as treatments {1.5m (short), 2.5m (medium) and 3.5m (tall)} were intercropped with egusi-melon and sweet pepper (tatase). Yam and sweet pepper leaves were counted; primary vine length of yam and sweet pepper plant height were measured while the percentage (%) vine coverage of egusi-melon was accessed with a quadrant. The result of the study showed that the number of leaves and tuber of yam were (P < 0.05) higher in tall stakes than in medium or short staked yam. Pepper leaves and height were (P = 0.05) similar in sole crops or 2 crops association and were (P < 0.05) higher than leaves in 3 crops association. Weeds were (P < 0.05) least in sole egusi-melon plots and egusi-melon in crop association(s). RY was highest in sole crops while LER was highest in 3 crop associations. Association of 3 crops with high stakes produced the highest LER and LEC. It is hereby concluded that in Southern Nigeria, tall stakes in yam farms as sole or in crop associations are hereby recommended.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115335725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF OIL EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION ON THE NIGER DELTA REGION: ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE","authors":"U. Nnabuenyi","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.074.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.074.1","url":null,"abstract":"Since the discovery of oil in Nigeria in 1956, the country has been suffering the negative environmental consequences of oil exploration and exploitation. Between 1976 and 1996 a total of 4647 incidents resulted in the spill of approximately 2,369,470 barrels of oil into the environment. In addition, between 1997 and 2001, Nigeria also recorded a total number of 2,097 oil spill incidents. In 1998, 40,000 barrels of oil from Mobil platform off the Akwa Ibom coast were split into the environment causing severe damage to the coastal environment. Several oil spill management policy and efforts are in place to reduce the menace of oil spill incidents in the country. Some of these policies and efforts were made by the Federal Government, Non governmental agencies and oil firms in the country. The use of oil trajectory and fat e-models is also incorporated in oil spill management policy in the country. The results from a hypothetical simulation with the model from a point around OPL 250 located about 150km off the Nigerian coastline shows that the simulated oil spill for wet season reached the shore around Penington River after 104hours, about 4.5 days. Also during the dry season, the results from the model indicate that the oil spill reached the shore at the entrance of Benin River after 162 hours, 6.5days. This paper examines the impact of oil exploration and exploitation which encompasses environmental degradation, social annihilation, and economic impoverishment in the Nigeria’s Niger-Delta and the emerging socio-economic multiplier effects on the people of the region. The study employed tables and as well as percentages forms of statistical analysis. Data for the study were mainly secondary sources extracted from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the United Nations Development Programmes report. The study revealed that the emerging social disorder and HIV/AIDS prevalence in the region is as a result of the social and economic multiplier effects such as unemployment and high level of poverty. The study then recommends an integrated community based approach involving commitment from all stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116549421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FAULT SLICING IN THE INTERPRETATION OF FAULTS IN SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING IN ATALA PROSPECT OF RIVER STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"E. J.C.","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.047.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.047.1","url":null,"abstract":"Faults are of high interest in petroleum development and production because they segment a reservoir. As a result of the role faults play in the entrapment of hydrocarbons, the techniques for finding and mapping them have considerable practical importance. A fault slice is a section sliced from a 3 – D data volume parallel to the interpreted position of a fault plane and can be used in several ways for the study of faults. The tracking of horizons on fault slices provides a map of fault thrown. Since a fault slice is found within one fault block, it becomes necessary in the study of growth in that block. There exist splinter faults that cause a lot of difficulty in horizon tracking because the data under study experiences small throw faults of limited laterial extent spawned by the major growth faults or parent fault. These splinter faults are secondary faults caused by movement on parent fault. A lot of Splinter faults were identified in the area of study and the azimuths of the Splinter faults relative to the parent fault are fairly constant.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125640110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OBSERVATIONS OF THE INSECT COMPLEX OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (WALP) IN ABRAKA, A NON-COWPEA GROWING AREA, SOUTHERN NIGERIA.","authors":"Egho E.O","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.044.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.044.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Sudan Savannah, the drier northern Nigeria is the major belt for the cultivation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. The West and East of southern Nigeria, however, began its cultivation recently. The crop constitutes a main food for many Nigerians and because of this, the crop performance and all factors which are constraints to its production are being studied. Cowpea was cultivated in Abraka, a non-major cowpea cultivation region, during the early and late planting seasons of 2005 to study the insect pests spectrum (insect complex) which decimate the crop. Their relative abundance were also determined. The results indicated that in the early season, there were 8 insect orders; 25 families and 37 species. Coleoptera had the highest species 11, with relative abundance of 29.6%. Others were heteroptera, 8 species (21.6%), diptera, 5 species (13.5%), homoptera, 4 species (10.8%), orthoptera, 3 species (8.1%), hymenoptera, 3 species (8.1%), lepidoptera, 2 species (5.4%) and thysanoptera, 1 specie (2.7%). During the late season, coleoptera were the highest, 10 species (28.6%). Others were heteroptera, 9 species (25.7%), diptera, 4 species (11.4%), homoptera, 4 species (11.1%), orthoptera, 3 species (8.6%), hymenoptera, 2 species (5.7%), lepidoptera, 2 species (5.7%) and thysanoptera, 1 specie (2.9%). Ootheca mutabilis Sahl, Aphis craccivora Koch, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, Maruca vitrata Fab and coreid bugs such as Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal, Anoplocnemis curvipes Fab, C. shadabi, Aspavia armigera Fab, Nezara virudula L, Mirperus jaculus Thunb were the commonest major insect pests on cowpea at Abraka. More insect species occurred in the early season than late in the study area.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125227742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON THE SOLUTIONS OF S-GTR AND D-GTR EQUATIONS OF BONE TISSUE REGENERATION MODELS","authors":"F. Arunaye","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.119.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.119.1","url":null,"abstract":"In Arunaye and Ogunsalu (2010), we obtained mathematical models for osteobstruction in bone regeneration mechanism for skeletal tissue engineering procedures. In this paper we obtain the Lie point symmetries and hence the invariant solutions of these mathematical models for Bone tissue regeneration in 1-D systems.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115414413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPUTATIONAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LEAST SQUARES PARAMETERS OF THE SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL UNDER DATA TRANSFORMATION.","authors":"Igabari J.N","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.037.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.16.037.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Least squares method of parameter estimation is considered important due to its relative simplicity, optimal properties and wide economic applications. This paper examines the computational implications for the estimates of regression parameters for a simple linear regression model when there are changes in units of measurement, leading to a new set of data which is a scaled form of the original data. Expressions for the Least Squares estimates of the regression parameters are derived as well as their precision for the new data in terms of the original data.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115215088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}