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Minimizing Battery Stress during Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Design: Real World Considerations for Model-Based Control Development 在混合动力汽车控制设计中最小化电池压力:基于模型的控制开发的现实世界考虑
2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671713
C. Vagg, C. Brace, S. Akehurst, L. Ash
{"title":"Minimizing Battery Stress during Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Design: Real World Considerations for Model-Based Control Development","authors":"C. Vagg, C. Brace, S. Akehurst, L. Ash","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671713","url":null,"abstract":"In a mild hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) aggressive use of the electrical powertrain is desired to maximize the benefits from hybridizing the vehicle, however this has negative consequences for battery management, battery state of health, and motor temperature. In this paper a control strategy cost function is presented which can minimize these negative effects without significantly affecting the achievable reduction in fuel consumption, and without requiring a detailed battery model or a motor thermal model. This concept is demonstrated on a retrofit HEV unit developed by Ashwoods Automotive, with a model validated using chassis dynamometer test data. Dynamic Programming (DP) is used to optimize the controller, and some limitations of DP which are not often recognized are discussed.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122509989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Real-Time Estimation of Vehicle Mass and Road Grade Based on Multi-Sensor Data Fusion 基于多传感器数据融合的车辆质量和道路坡度实时估计
2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671743
Xiaobin Zhang, Liangfei Xu, Jianqiu Li, M. Ouyang
{"title":"Real-Time Estimation of Vehicle Mass and Road Grade Based on Multi-Sensor Data Fusion","authors":"Xiaobin Zhang, Liangfei Xu, Jianqiu Li, M. Ouyang","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671743","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle mass and road grade are two key parameters for New Energy Vehicles. It plays an important role in the power distribution of multi-energy power systems and braking energy recovery. Using a 4-wheel drive (4WD) electric mini-car as an experimental platform, a road grade and vehicle mass estimation algorithm based on multi-data fusion technology is studied. Firstly, a Simulink model for GPS (Global Positioning System)/INS (Inertial Navigation System)/wheel-speed data fusion is established, taking advantage of the characteristics of a 4WD electric vehicle. An off-line simulation is conducted with data from a real vehicle test to verify the model. Then the verified algorithm is downloaded and successfully implemented in the Vehicle Control Unit based on MPC561 digital core by Simulink Automatic Code Generation technology. Finally, a hardware-inloop simulation based on CANoe and CANalyzer is conducted for the testing and evaluation of the VCU. The result shows that the real-time multi-data fusion algorithm produces a good estimation of the road grade and vehicle mass with an error of 5%, and the convergence and steady-state error meet the need of real vehicle applications.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124719946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Energy-Release Strategy for Permanent Magnet Traction System with Onboard Energy Storage System for Subway Applications 地铁车载储能永磁牵引系统能量释放策略研究
2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671732
Wei Wang, M. Cheng, Ya Wang, Bangfu Zhang, Ying Zhu, Shichuan Ding
{"title":"Energy-Release Strategy for Permanent Magnet Traction System with Onboard Energy Storage System for Subway Applications","authors":"Wei Wang, M. Cheng, Ya Wang, Bangfu Zhang, Ying Zhu, Shichuan Ding","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671732","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel energy-release strategy for permanent magnet traction system with on board supercapacitor for subway applications, in which the flux-weakening region is used. The stored energy is not released until the flux-weakening region is approaching. Compared with the conventional energy-release strategy, the proposed strategy is realized by raising the dc bus voltage instead of reducing the dc bus voltage drop. Two simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Reduced flux-weakening region and less copper loss are shown in the simulation results. Even though the energy-saving ratio 80.9% is small, the saved energy is still significant since the subway is the high power electrical system.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"8 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133384772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Using Multi-State Estimate Technic for Electric Vehicle Applications 基于多状态估计技术的电动汽车锂离子电池充电状态估计
2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671711
Li Yong, Wang Lifang, Liao Chenglin, Wang Liye, Xu Dongping
{"title":"State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Using Multi-State Estimate Technic for Electric Vehicle Applications","authors":"Li Yong, Wang Lifang, Liao Chenglin, Wang Liye, Xu Dongping","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671711","url":null,"abstract":"For reliable and safe operation of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, the monitoring of the internal states of the batteries such as state-of-charge (SOC) is necessary. The purpose of this work is to present a novel SOC estimation algorithm. In this work, an equivalent circuit model (ECM) as well as the parameter identification method are studied. Then, the model structure of the battery in the state-space form is further investigated. Based on the model structure analysis, a novel SOC estimation algorithm is proposed using multi-state technic and Extend Kalman Filter (EKF). Some improvements are then introduced to improve the convergence and tracking performance of the algorithm in electric vehicle applications. The performances of the algorithm are validated through some experiments and simulations. Validation results show that the proposed SOC estimation algorithm can achieve an acceptable accuracy with the mean error being less than 2.72%.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130467006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Practical Considerations on the Electrical Safety of the High Power System in a Prototype EV 原型电动汽车大功率系统电气安全的实际考虑
2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671699
Emilio Honey, I. Suh, S. Ryu
{"title":"Practical Considerations on the Electrical Safety of the High Power System in a Prototype EV","authors":"Emilio Honey, I. Suh, S. Ryu","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671699","url":null,"abstract":"Policies and market demand for eco-friendly transportation systems have drawn increasing attention to EVs. Robust and safe electrical systems are necessary to ensure the consumers' trust in the future generation of electric vehicles. This paper describes a case study dealing with the design and implementation of electrical stability and protection schemes in an electric vehicle. Fundamental safety requirements in EV electrical systems are discussed, whilst considering the integrity of the vehicle's systems in addition to the occupants' safety. The application of system-level protection devices for these requirements is then explored. Finally, the application and verification of the proposed protection circuit is described, in the process of designing and developing an electric vehicle with foldable concept, known as the \"Armadillo-T;\" an innovative, futuristic, and micro-sized vehicle driven by four in-wheel motors, which has been designed and built from zero.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123496940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
An Improved Model of Estimating Iron Loss for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 一种改进的内嵌式永磁同步电机铁损估算模型
2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671684
Qi Li, T. Fan, X. Wen
{"title":"An Improved Model of Estimating Iron Loss for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine","authors":"Qi Li, T. Fan, X. Wen","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671684","url":null,"abstract":"As computation of iron loss is important to optimize design of the interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM), this paper provides an improved model of estimating iron loss under loading condition for IPMSM. The magnetic flux density distribution in the air gap, stator teeth and yoke are obtained by the armature reaction magnetic field analysis of IPMSM, and used to estimating iron loss based on modified Steinmetz equation. The analytical computation of iron losses under different speed and current are compared to the finite element method (FEM), the results show good consistency.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115777523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Research on Energy Feedback Strategy for Electric Vehicle 电动汽车能量反馈策略研究
2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671705
Dongyang Sun, Xudonga Wang, R. Na, Tao Wang
{"title":"Research on Energy Feedback Strategy for Electric Vehicle","authors":"Dongyang Sun, Xudonga Wang, R. Na, Tao Wang","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671705","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the efficience of energy feedback on the whole range of speed in the process of driving , and gets the range of speed which is suitable for the energy feedback of electric vehicle. Mean while it deeply studies automotive braking strategy, and proposes the \"Urban, High-speed\"strategy which means step and dual control. The analysis of the specific situation of braking is added in the two different kinds of operating mode. The design of sliding gear can make the vehicle efficiently recycle potential energy on the downhill. By dynamically adjusting the current through the motor controller, the author intend to recollect the maximize energy under the condition of not affect the vehicles braking flexibility, security and reliability. Based on ADVISOR software in the ECE working conditions,simulation results for braking condition show that the electic vehicle can brake steadily and recover energy at most .","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125073315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Comparison Study of the Model Based SOC Estimation Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries 基于模型的锂离子电池荷电状态估计方法比较研究
2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671653
Jun Xu, Bing-gang Cao, Junyi Cao, Zhongyue Zou, C. Mi, Zheng Chen
{"title":"A Comparison Study of the Model Based SOC Estimation Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Jun Xu, Bing-gang Cao, Junyi Cao, Zhongyue Zou, C. Mi, Zheng Chen","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671653","url":null,"abstract":"Four model based SOC estimation methods for Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are studied and compared in this paper. The equivalent model of the battery is described and the state function of the model is deduced. The analysis of the four model based SOC estimation methods are given. The simulation is established to evaluate the four methods. The urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) current profiles are applied to simulate the drive situations of an electrified vehicle. Simulation results are depicted and analyzed to compare the four model based SOC estimation methods.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"378 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115302570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
Modeling and Control of Two-Stage Inverter for Battery Energy Storage System 蓄电池储能系统两级逆变器的建模与控制
2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671691
Dong-Yub Hyun, Chang-Soon Lim, Rae-Young Kim, D. Hyun
{"title":"Modeling and Control of Two-Stage Inverter for Battery Energy Storage System","authors":"Dong-Yub Hyun, Chang-Soon Lim, Rae-Young Kim, D. Hyun","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671691","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a small-signal model and control design of two-stage inverter for battery energy storage system (BESS) to comprehend its dynamic characteristics. However, when the circuit analysis of two-stage inverter is attempted simultaneously, mathematical procedure for deriving its dynamic equation is very complex and difficult. The main idea of modeling for two-stage inverter is that bi- directional DC-DC converter or single-phase full- bridge DC-AC inverter is replaced with an equivalent current source, and then the dynamic equations for the separated converter and inverter are derived by using state-space averaging technique. The procedures for building the small-signal model of two-stage inverter is described in detail. Based on the derived small-signal model, the individual controllers are designed in a frequency-domain analysis. The input current controller is used for bi-directional DC-DC converter, while the dc-link voltage controller and grid current controller are used for single-phase full-bridge DC-AC inverter. The simulation results illustrate the validity of the small-signal model and the controller design.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133180897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Design and Implementation of DC-DC Converter with Digital Controller for Electric Vehicle 带数字控制器的电动汽车DC-DC变换器的设计与实现
2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671672
Seung-mo Kim, Byung-gi Kwon, M. Kim, Yong-hyo Kwon, Pyosoo Kim, Duk-hee Lee, C. Choi
{"title":"Design and Implementation of DC-DC Converter with Digital Controller for Electric Vehicle","authors":"Seung-mo Kim, Byung-gi Kwon, M. Kim, Yong-hyo Kwon, Pyosoo Kim, Duk-hee Lee, C. Choi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671672","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design and implementation of DC-DC Converter with sliding mode and PI control for Electric Vehicles. For Implementation, ZVS(Zero Voltage Switching) PSFB(Phase Shift Full Bridge) topology is adopted. In digital controller, PI Controller is adopt to output-voltage control, and Sliding Mode Controller is used to protection such as overcurrent/voltage of output in DC-DC Converter. A prototype of the proposed DC-DC Converter has been implemented and tested on a 13.7V of dc-output voltage, and 130A for max dc-output current. A Digital Controller by digital controller is discussed, and experimental results are presented.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133244274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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