European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology最新文献_第3页

No hints for abundance of Bacillus anthracis and Burkholderia pseudomallei in 100 environmental samples from Cameroon. 喀麦隆 100 份环境样本中炭疽杆菌和假马勒伯克霍尔德氏菌的数量没有提示。

European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2021.00014

Hagen Frickmann, Sven Poppert

{"title":"No hints for abundance of Bacillus anthracis and Burkholderia pseudomallei in 100 environmental samples from Cameroon.","authors":"Hagen Frickmann, Sven Poppert","doi":"10.1556/1886.2021.00014","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2021.00014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Little is known on the abundance of the pathogens Bacillus anthracis and Burkholderia pseudomallei in environmental samples in Cameroon. Therefore, 100 respective samples were assessed in a proof-of-principle assessment.Methods: DNA residuals from nucleic acid extractions of 100 environmental samples, which were collected between 2011 and 2013 in the Mapé Basin of Cameroon, were screened for B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei by real-time PCR. The samples comprised soil samples with water contact (n = 88), soil samples without water contact (n = 6), plant material with water contact (n = 3), water (n = 2), and soil from a hospital dressing room (n = 1).Results: B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei were detected in none of the samples assessed.Conclusion: The results indicate that at least a quantitatively overwhelming, ubiquitous occurrence of B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei in the environment in Cameroon is highly unlikely. However, the number and choice of the assessed samples limit the interpretability of the results.","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/16/61/eujmi-11-057.PMC8614492.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39381531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial resistance of the enteric protozoon Giardia duodenalis - A narrative review. 肠原生动物十二指肠贾第虫的抗微生物药物耐药性研究综述。

European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2021.00009

Ulrike Loderstädt, Hagen Frickmann

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance of the enteric protozoon Giardia duodenalis - A narrative review.","authors":"Ulrike Loderstädt, Hagen Frickmann","doi":"10.1556/1886.2021.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2021.00009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: As therapy-refractory giardiasis is an emerging health issue, this review aimed at summarizing mechanisms of reduced antimicrobial susceptibility in Giardia duodenalis and strategies to overcome this problem.Methods: A narrative review on antimicrobial resistance in G. duodenalis was based upon a selective literature research.Results: Failed therapeutic success has been observed for all standard therapies of giardiasis comprising nitroimidazoles like metronidazole or tinidazole as first line substances but also benznidazoles like albendazole and mebendazole, the nitrofuran furazolidone, the thiazolide nitazoxanide, and the aminoglycoside paromomycin. Multicausality of the resistance phenotypes has been described, with differentiated gene expression due to epigenetic and post-translational modifications playing a considerable bigger role than mutational base exchanges in the parasite DNA. Standardized resistance testing algorithms are not available and clinical evidence for salvage therapies is scarce in spite of research efforts targeting new giardicidal drugs.Conclusion: In case of therapeutic failure of first line nitroimidazoles, salvage strategies including various options for combination therapy exist in spite of limited evidence and lacking routine diagnostic-compatible assays for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in G. duodenalis. Sufficiently powered clinical and diagnostic studies are needed to overcome both the lacking evidence regarding salvage therapy and the diagnostic neglect of antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"11 2","pages":"29-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/7e/eujmi-11-029.PMC8287975.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39164410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Self-defense of human sarcoma cells against cytolytic lymphoid cells of their host. 人肉瘤细胞对宿主细胞溶解性淋巴样细胞的自我防御。

European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2021.11111

Joseph G Sinkovics, Joseph C Horvath

引用次数: 0

Oxycytosis and the role of triboelectricity and oxidation in bacteria clearing from the bloodstream. 氧溶作用和摩擦电和氧化在细菌从血液中清除中的作用。

European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2021.00008

Hayk Minasyan

{"title":"Oxycytosis and the role of triboelectricity and oxidation in bacteria clearing from the bloodstream.","authors":"Hayk Minasyan","doi":"10.1556/1886.2021.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2021.00008","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, little was known about the mechanism for killing and clearing bacteria from the bloodstream. Leukocyte phagocytosis could not be a mechanism for catching, killing and removing bacteria from the bloodstream because of many reasons. Recently accumulated data have led to the conclusion that in bacteremia, bacteria are quickly removed from the blood and erythrocytes are the main cells that capture, kill and remove bacteria. Data were also obtained that erythrocytes catch bacteria by triboelectric charge attraction and kill them by oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin. This phenomenon has been named oxycytosis by analogy with the term phagocytosis. Oxycytosis has been discussed in a number of published articles, but the specific mechanism of triboelectric charging and the mechanism of killing bacteria by oxidation, have not yet been detailed. The purpose of this review is to provide a more detailed explanation of the process of triboelectric charging and capture of bacteria by erythrocytes and destruction of bacteria by oxidation. For the first time, the review presents various variants of oxycytosis (two-stage, three-stage, multi-stage), depending on the resistance of the pathogen to oxidation. The review also discusses the biological significance of oxycytosis and its impact on the understanding of bacteremia and sepsis.","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"11 2","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/40/eujmi-11-023.PMC8287977.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39004211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A review of the antimicrobial and immune-modulatory properties of the gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acid propionate - What is new? 肠道菌群衍生的短链脂肪酸丙酸的抗菌和免疫调节特性综述-有什么新进展?

European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2021.00005

Luis Q Langfeld, Ke Du, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M Heimesaat

{"title":"A review of the antimicrobial and immune-modulatory properties of the gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acid propionate - What is new?","authors":"Luis Q Langfeld, Ke Du, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M Heimesaat","doi":"10.1556/1886.2021.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2021.00005","url":null,"abstract":"As antimicrobial resistance poses a globally rising health problem, the identification of alternative antimicrobial agents is urgently required. The short chain fatty acid propionate which is physiologically produced by the gut microbiota constitutes a promising molecule given that it has been widely used as a cosmetics and food preservative due to its antimicrobial effects. This literature survey aims to determine the most recent state of knowledge about the antimicrobial and immune-modulatory properties of propionate. Both in vitro and in vivo studies published between 2011 and 2020 confirmed the ability of propionate to inhibit the growth of several cellular pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative multi-drug resistant bacteria and fungi. In addition, heterogenous immune-modulatory and in particular, anti-inflammatory effects of propionate could be assessed involving a diverse signaling network that needs further comprehension. In conclusion, our literature survey provides evidence that propionate displays a plethora of health-beneficial including antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects. Future research is required to further unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms and to set the basis for in vivo infection and clinical studies to broaden the path of propionate as a promising adjunct antibiotics-independent option in the combat of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"11 2","pages":"50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/86/a8/eujmi-11-050.PMC8287978.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38950657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Antibacterial properties of capsaicin and its derivatives and their potential to fight antibiotic resistance - A literature survey. 辣椒素及其衍生物的抗菌特性及其对抗抗生素耐药性的潜力——文献综述。

European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology Pub Date : 2021-03-24 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2021.00003

Samuel Füchtbauer, Soraya Mousavi, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M Heimesaat

{"title":"Antibacterial properties of capsaicin and its derivatives and their potential to fight antibiotic resistance - A literature survey.","authors":"Samuel Füchtbauer, Soraya Mousavi, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M Heimesaat","doi":"10.1556/1886.2021.00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2021.00003","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is endangering public health globally and gives reason for constant fear of virtually intractable bacterial infections. Given a limitation of novel antibiotic classes brought to market in perspective, it is indispensable to explore novel, antibiotics-independent ways to fight bacterial infections. In consequence, the antibacterial properties of natural compounds have gained increasing attention in pharmacological sciences. We here performed a literature survey regarding the antibacterial effects of capsaicin and its derivatives constituting natural compounds of chili peppers. The studies included revealed that the compounds under investigation exerted i.) both direct and indirect antibacterial properties in vitro depending on the applied concentrations and the bacterial strains under investigation; ii.) synergistic antibacterial effects in combination with defined antibiotics; iii.) resistance-modification via inhibition of bacterial efflux pumps; iv.) attenuation of bacterial virulence factor expression; and v.) dampening of pathogen-induced immunopathological responses. In conclusion, capsaicin and its derivatives comprise promising antimicrobial molecules which could complement or replace antibiotic treatment strategies to fight bacterial infections. However, a solid basis for subsequent clinical trials requires future investigations to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and in particular pharmaceutical evaluations in animal infection models.","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"11 1","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/8b/eujmi-11-010.PMC8042654.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25515187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

A literature survey on antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects of butyrate revealing non-antibiotic approaches to tackle bacterial infections. 关于丁酸盐的抗菌和免疫调节作用的文献综述揭示了解决细菌感染的非抗生素方法。

European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2021.00001

Ke Du, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M Heimesaat

{"title":"A literature survey on antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects of butyrate revealing non-antibiotic approaches to tackle bacterial infections.","authors":"Ke Du, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M Heimesaat","doi":"10.1556/1886.2021.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2021.00001","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive prescription of antibiotics has led to an increasing number of antimicrobial resistances, posing a major public health concern. Therefore, the pharmacological research has shifted its focus to the identification of natural compounds that exhibit anti-pathogenic properties without triggering antibiotic resistance. Butyrate has received increasing attention as a promising candidate for the treatment of bacterial infections in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly when antibiotic treatment is contraindicated. This literature survey summarizes recently investigated antibacterial and immune-modulatory effects of butyrate. This survey revealed that butyrate exerts direct antimicrobial effects against distinct strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus species. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed indirect antimicrobial effects of butyrate, which were exhibited via induction of host defensin production as well as by activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Finally, the synergistic action of butyrate in combination with other antimicrobial compounds results in a striking clearance of bacterial pathogens. In conclusion, butyrate and its derivatives might be considered as promising antibacterial and immune-modulatory agents in order to tackle bacterial infections without antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/61/ee/eujmi-11-001.PMC8042652.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25491338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Binary surrogate endpoints in clinical trials from the perspective of case definitions. 从病例定义的角度看临床试验中的二元替代终点。

European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology Pub Date : 2021-03-04 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2020.00031

Andreas Hahn, Andreas Podbielski, Markus M Heimesaat, Hagen Frickmann, Philipp Warnke

{"title":"Binary surrogate endpoints in clinical trials from the perspective of case definitions.","authors":"Andreas Hahn, Andreas Podbielski, Markus M Heimesaat, Hagen Frickmann, Philipp Warnke","doi":"10.1556/1886.2020.00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2020.00031","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Surrogate endpoints are widely used in clinical trials, especially in situations where the endpoint of interest is not directly observable or to avoid long trial periods. A typical example for this case is frequently found in clinical trials in oncology, where overall survival (OS) as endpoint of interest and progression free survival (PFS) as surrogate endpoint are discriminated.Methods: Based on the perspective of case definitions on surrogate endpoints, we provide a formal definition of such endpoints followed by a description of the structure of surrogate endpoints.Results: Surrogate endpoints can be considered as case definitions for the endpoint of interest. Therefore, the performance of surrogate endpoints can be described using the classical terminology of diagnostic tests including sensitivity and specificity. Since such endpoints always focus on sensitivity with necessarily reduced specificity, efficacy estimates based on such endpoints are in general biased.Conclusion: The abovementioned has to be taken into account while interpreting the results of clinical trials and should not be ignored while planning or conducting a study.","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"11 1","pages":"18-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/6e/eujmi-11-018.PMC8042653.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25433043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparison of two commercial and one in-house real-time PCR assays for the diagnosis of bacterial gastroenteritis. 两种商业和一种室内实时PCR检测方法诊断细菌性胃肠炎的比较。

European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology Pub Date : 2020-12-05 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2020.00030

Konstantin Tanida, Andreas Hahn, Hagen Frickmann

{"title":"Comparison of two commercial and one in-house real-time PCR assays for the diagnosis of bacterial gastroenteritis.","authors":"Konstantin Tanida, Andreas Hahn, Hagen Frickmann","doi":"10.1556/1886.2020.00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2020.00030","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the study was a comparative evaluation of in-house real-time PCR and commercial real-time PCR (Fast Track Diagnostics (FTD), ampliCube/Mikrogen) targeting enteropathogenic bacteria from stool in preparation of Regulation (EU) 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices.Methods: Both 241 stool samples from patients and 100 samples from German laboratory control schemes (\"Ringversuche\") were used to comparatively assess in-house real-time PCR, the FTD bacterial gastroenteritis kit, and the ampliCube gastrointestinal bacterial panels 1&2 either with the in-house PCRs as gold standard and as a test comparison without gold standard applying latent class analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, intra- and inter-assay variation and Cohen's kappa were assessed.Results: In comparison with the gold standard, sensitivity was 75-100% for strongly positive samples, 20-100% for weakly positive samples, and specificity ranged from 96 to 100%. Latent class analysis suggested that sensitivity ranges from 81.2 to 100% and specificity from 58.5 to 100%. Cohen's kappa varied between moderate and nearly perfect agreement, intra- and inter-assay variation was 1-3 to 1-4 Ct values.Conclusion: Acceptable agreement and performance characteristics suggested replaceability of the in-house PCR assays by the commercial approaches.","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"10 4","pages":"210-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/4f/eujmi-10-210.PMC7753976.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38678757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

ESX secretion system: The gatekeepers of mycobacterial survivability and pathogenesis. ESX分泌系统:分枝杆菌生存能力和发病机制的守门人。

European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2020.00028

Sadhana Roy, Debika Ghatak, Payel Das, Somdeb BoseDasgupta

{"title":"ESX secretion system: The gatekeepers of mycobacterial survivability and pathogenesis.","authors":"Sadhana Roy, Debika Ghatak, Payel Das, Somdeb BoseDasgupta","doi":"10.1556/1886.2020.00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2020.00028","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of Tuberculosis has plagued humankind for ages and has surfaced stronger than ever with the advent of drug resistance. Mycobacteria are adept at evading the host immune system and establishing infection by engaging host factors and secreting several virulence factors. Hence these secretion systems play a key role in mycobacterial pathogenesis. The type VII secretion system or ESX (early secretory antigenic target (ESAT6) secretion) system is one such crucial system that comprises five different pathways having distinct roles in mycobacterial proliferation, pathogenesis, cytosolic escape within macrophages, regulation of macrophage apoptosis, metal ion homeostasis, etc. ESX 1-5 systems are implicated in the secretion of a plethora of proteins, of which only a few are functionally characterized. Here we summarize the current knowledge of ESX secretion systems of mycobacteria with a special focus on ESX-1 and ESX-5 systems that subvert macrophage defenses and help mycobacteria to establish their niche within the macrophage.","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"10 4","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/e8/eujmi-10-202.PMC7753977.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38597096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8