European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology最新文献

{"title":"17th International Congress on Toxoplasmosis (ToxoXVII) Berlin, Germany, May 26th–29th 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1556/1886.2024.10000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2024.10000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"66 3","pages":"1 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of ketogenic diet on the onset and progression of multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Jurij D Brockhoff,&nbsp;Stefan Bereswill,&nbsp;Markus M Heimesaat","doi":"10.1556/1886.2023.00020","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2023.00020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration. Current research suggests that diet may influence disease course, severity of symptoms, and quality of life in MS patients. The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used for more than a century as a therapeutic approach for various medical conditions. It was originally developed in the 1920s as a treatment option for epilepsy, and especially in the last 30 years, has gained popularity for its potential benefits in a variety of neurological conditions other than epilepsy. This prompted us to perform a literature survey regarding the effect of KD on the onset and progression of MS. The here reviewed 15 original research articles including in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies provide evidence for the safety and feasibility of the KD in MS, showing potential neuroprotective effects and positive impacts on cellular metabolism and disease outcome. Since the literature is limited and most studies were conducted with low numbers of MS patients and rather exploratory in nature, further studies with larger cohorts are needed to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by which the improvements of the MS disease course are achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/f3/eujmi-13-029.PMC10578139.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10144495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemicals and micronutrients in suppressing infectivity caused by SARS-CoV-2 virions and seasonal coronavirus HCoV-229E in vivo.","authors":"Anna Goc,&nbsp;Waldemar Sumera,&nbsp;Matthias Rath,&nbsp;Aleksandra Niedzwiecki","doi":"10.1556/1886.2023.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2023.00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 infection still poses health threats especially to older and immunocompromised individuals. New emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron and Arcturus, have been challenging the effectiveness of humoral immunity resulting from repeated vaccination and infection. With recent study implying a wave of new mutants in vaccinated people making them more susceptible to the newest variants and fueling a rapid viral evolution, there is a need for alternative or adjunct approaches against coronavirus infections other than vaccines. Our earlier work indicated that a specific combination of micronutrients and phytochemicals can inhibit key infection mechanisms shared by SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in vitro. Here we demonstrate in vivo that an intake of this micronutrient combination before and during infection of mice with engineered SARS-CoV-2 virions and HCoV-229E virus results in a significant decrease in viral load and level of spike protein in the lungs. This was accompanied by decreased inflammatory response, including TNFα, IL1β, ILα, and IL17. These and our earlier results confirm that by targeting multiple mechanisms simultaneously by a combination treatment we can effectively and safely challenge SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E virus. If clinically confirmed, such an approach could complement already in-use preventive and therapeutic strategies against coronavirus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7f/2d/eujmi-13-006.PMC10351576.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9827322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motility related gene expression of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 derived from high viscous media.","authors":"Yulan Su,&nbsp;Thomas Alter,&nbsp;Greta Gölz","doi":"10.1556/1886.2023.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2023.00006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flagellation is one of the major virulence factors of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), enabling bacterial cells to swarm in rather high viscous fluids. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the surrounding viscosity on the expression of motility related genes of C. jejuni. Therefore, bacterial RNA was extracted from liquid cultures as well as from bacterial cells recovered from the edge and the center of a swarming halo from high viscous media. The expression pattern of selected flagellar and chemotaxis related genes was investigated by RT-PCR. Higher mRNA levels of class 1 and lower levels of class 2 and 3 flagellar assembly genes were detected in cells derived from the edge of a swarming halo than in cells from the center. This indicates different growth states at both locations within the swarming halo. Furthermore, higher mRNA levels for energy taxis and motor complex monomer genes were detected in high viscous media compared to liquid culture, indicating higher demand of energy if C. jejuni cells were cultivated in high viscous media. The impact of the surrounding viscosity should be considered in future studies regarding motility related questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/41/57/eujmi-13-015.PMC10351578.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9884721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of MassARRAY system for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 compared to real-time PCR.","authors":"Fatimah AlMutawa,&nbsp;Ana Cabrera,&nbsp;Feifei Chen,&nbsp;Johan Delport","doi":"10.1556/1886.2023.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2023.00013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early identification of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) by diagnostic tests played an important role in the isolation of infectious patients and management of this pandemic. Various methodologies and diagnostic platforms are available. The current \"gold standard\" for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) diagnosis is real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To overcome the limitations posed by the short supply experienced early during the pandemic and to increase our capacity, we assessed the performance of the MassARRAY System (Agena Bioscience).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MassARRAY System (Agena Bioscience) combines RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) with high-throughput mass spectrometry processing. We compared the MassARRAY performance to a research-use-only E-gene/EAV (Equine Arteritis Virus) assay and RNA Virus Master PCR. Discordant results were tested with a laboratory-developed assay using the Corman et al. E-gene primers and probes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>186 patient specimens were analyzed using the MassARRAY SARS-CoV-2 Panel. The performance characteristics were as follows: the positive agreement was 85.71%, 95% CI (78.12 - 91.45), and the negative agreement was 96.67%, 95% CI (88.47 - 99.59). 19/186 (10.2%) results were found to be discordant and assessed by a different assay with the exception of 1, where the sample was not available for repeat testing. 14 out of 18 agreed with the MassARRAY after testing with the secondary assay. The overall performance after discordance testing was as follows: the positive agreement was 97.3%, 95% CI (90.58 - 99.67), and the negative agreement was 97.14%, 95% CI (91.88 - 99.41).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrates that the MassARRAY System is an accurate and sensitive method for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Following the discordant agreement with an alternate RT-PCR test, the performance was found to have sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy exceeding 97%, making it a viable diagnostic tool. It can be used as an alternative method during periods when real-time RT-PCR reagent supply chains are disrupted.</p>","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/ac/eujmi-13-001.PMC10351579.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9833190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive immune system in severe COVID-19 patients in the first week of illness: A pilot study.","authors":"Fadime Ersoy Dursun,&nbsp;Yasemin Çağ,&nbsp;Ender İğneci,&nbsp;Burcu Işık Gören,&nbsp;Ferhat Arslan,&nbsp;Tülin Akarsu Ayazoğlu,&nbsp;Ferruh Kemal İşman,&nbsp;Mustafa Haluk Vahaboğlu","doi":"10.1556/1886.2022.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2022.00022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The presentation of the course of COVID-19-related T-cell responses in the first week of the disease may be a more specific period for adaptive immune response assessment. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and death in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three patients (14 females and 19 males) admitted for severe and desaturated COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by polymerase chain reaction were included. Lymphocyte subsets and CD4+/CD8+ and CD16+/CD56+ rates were measured using flow cytometry from peripheral blood at admission and on the day of death or hospital discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight patients survived and five died. On the day of admission, the CD4+ cell count was significantly higher and the saturation of O2 was significantly lower in the deceased patients compared to the survivors (P < 0.05). The CD16+/CD56+ rate was significantly lower on the day of death in the deceased patients than in discharge day for the survivors (P = 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CD4+ lymphocyte percentages and O2 saturation in samples taken on the day of admission to the hospital and CD16+/CD56+ ratios taken at the time of discharge from the hospital were found to be associated with the mortality in patients with severe COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"12 4","pages":"100-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/77/f0/eujmi-12-100.PMC9869865.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10581179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human microbiota associated IL-10-/- mice: A valuable enterocolitis model to dissect the interactions of Campylobacter jejuni with host immunity and gut microbiota.","authors":"Nizar W Shayya,&nbsp;Minnja S Foote,&nbsp;Luis Q Langfeld,&nbsp;Ke Du,&nbsp;Rasmus Bandick,&nbsp;Soraya Mousavi,&nbsp;Stefan Bereswill,&nbsp;Markus M Heimesaat","doi":"10.1556/1886.2022.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2022.00024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Secondary abiotic (SAB) IL-10-/- mice constitute a valuable Campylobacter jejuni-induced enterocolitis model. Given that the host-specific gut microbiota plays a key role in susceptibility of the vertebrate host towards or resistance against enteropathogenic infection, we surveyed immunopathological sequelae of C. jejuni infection in human microbiota associated (hma) and SAB IL-10-/- mice. Following oral challenge, C. jejuni readily colonized the gastrointestinal tract of hma and SAB mice, but with lower numbers in the former versus the latter. Whereas hma mice were clinically less severely compromised, both, macroscopic and microscopic inflammatory sequelae of C. jejuni infection including histopathological and apoptotic cell responses in the colon of IL-10-/- mice were comparably pronounced in the presence and absence of a human gut microbiota at day 6 post-infection. Furthermore, C. jejuni infection of hma and SAB mice resulted in similarly enhanced immune cell responses in the colon and in differential pro-inflammatory mediator secretion in the intestinal tract, which also held true for extra-intestinal including systemic compartments. Notably, C. jeuni infection of hma mice was associated with distinct gut microbiota shifts. In conclusion, hma IL-10-/- mice represent a reliable C. jejuni-induced enterocolitis model to dissect the interactions of the enteropathogen, vertebrate host immunity and human gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"12 4","pages":"107-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/dd/eujmi-12-107.PMC9869866.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10692348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contamination of dental unit water lines (DUWL) with Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; A Middle East systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Masoud Khajezadeh,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mohseni,&nbsp;Azad Khaledi,&nbsp;Arezoo Firoozeh","doi":"10.1556/1886.2022.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2022.00023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aimed to evaluate the contamination rate of dental unit waterlines (DUWL) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila in several countries in the Middle East.Literature search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to gather studies published from the beginning of 2000 to 30th April 2020. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were; \"Legionellosis\"; \"Legionnaire\", \"Legionellosis\", \"L. pneumophila\", \"dent\", \"dental\", \"dentistry\", \"Dental Unit Waterlines\", \"dental water\", \"DUWL\", \"Middle East\", \"P. aeruginosa\", \"Iran\", \"Turkey\", \"Iraq\", and \"Jordan\". The search was independently conducted by two of the authors. Data was analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.Almost all studies included in this review reported a high rate of bacterial contamination of DUWL, which exceeded the current standard bacterial contamination level of <200 (CFU) mL-1 recommended by the American Dental Association (ADA). The combined prevalence of L. pneumophila from four countries (Iran, Jordan, Turkey, and Iraq) was 23.5% (95% Cl: 6.5-57.7), and the combined prevalence of P. aeruginosa was reported 21.7% (95% Cl: 7.1-50.1%).This study showed a high bacterial contamination rate of DUWL with opportunistic pathogens. So, it is recommended to prevent biofilm formation in DUWL, some measures should be extended by practical approaches allowing for water quality control and improvement on-site in the dental practices such as mobile filtration units, chlorination and disinfection chemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":"12 4","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/27/eujmi-12-093.PMC9869867.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10639339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial effects of vanilla ingredients provide novel treatment options for infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria - A recent literature review.","authors":"Noah A Maisch, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M Heimesaat","doi":"10.1556/1886.2022.00015","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2022.00015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the increasing application of antibiotics not only in healthcare settings but also in conventional agriculture and farming, multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens are rising worldwide. Given the increasing prevalence of infections caused by MDR bacteria such as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE pathogen complex), it is pivotal to explore novel alternative or adjunct treatment options such as phytochemicals with antibiotic properties. Vanillin and vanillin acid represent biologically active ingredients in vanilla that has been known for long for its health-beneficial including antimicrobial effects besides its role as flavoring agent. Therefore, we performed a literature search from the past 10 years summarizing the knowledge regarding the effects of vanilla constituents against bacterial including MDR pathogens. Our survey revealed that vanillin and vanillic acid exerted potent effects directed against distinct Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting growth, viability, biofilm formation, quorum sensing and virulence. Remarkably, when combining vanillin or vanillic acid with defined synthetic antibiotics pronounced synergistic effects directed against distinct pathogenic including ESCAPE strains could be observed. In conclusion, vanilla ingredients constitute promising alternative or adjunct options in the combat of infections caused by MDR bacterial pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0e/03/eujmi-12-53.PMC9530676.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33478559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the intestinal microbiota impacts the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients - A recent literature survey.","authors":"Stella Ziegler, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M Heimesaat","doi":"10.1556/1886.2022.00017","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2022.00017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In line with the current development of individualized cancer treatments, targeted and specialized therapeutic regimens such as immunotherapy gain importance and factors improving its efficacy come into the focus of actual research. Given the orchestrated interaction of the intestinal microbiota with host immunity the modulation of the human gut microbiota represents a therapy-enhancing factor. We therefore performed an actual literature survey on the role of the gut microbiota composition and the effects of its modification during immunotherapy of cancer patients. The included 23 studies published in the past 10 years revealed that both, distinct bacterial species and genera including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium, respectively, enhanced distinct immunotherapy responses following PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockage, for instance, resulting in a better clinical outcome of cancer patients. Conversely, a high intestinal abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacterium species correlated with a less efficient immunotherapy resulting in shorter progress-free survival outcomes. In conclusion, modifications of the gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation or application of probiotic compounds represent potential adjunct options for immunotherapy in cancer patients which needs to be further addressed in future trials to provide individually tailored and safe adjuvant therapeutic measures in the combat of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11929,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/63/eujmi-12-63.PMC9530675.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33478561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}