Esculapio最新文献

{"title":"Teaching During Covid-19","authors":"A. M. Chaudhary","doi":"10.51273/ESC20.25164-GUESTEDITORIAL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC20.25164-GUESTEDITORIAL","url":null,"abstract":"The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has enor- mously affected every aspect of global arrange- ments with its fast and lethal reach. Originating from Wuhan, a Chinese city, this highly infectious virus has forced to impose nationwide closures in many countries impacting onsite educational systems to shut down. Considering the safety of students and following the steps taken by many infected countries, the Pakistan government initially closed all the edu- cational institutions and later allowed partial opening of schools where 30-50 % of students were allowed to attend classes in a cyclic manner. The direct and most immediate impact of this decision was an untimely break and loss of learning opportunities for all students. In order to continue with teaching and learning, Higher education commission, developed online tea- ching guidelines with the instructions to resume tea- ching, by following these guidelines. The guidelines included development and implementation of both online and hybrid curricula. Online teaching-learning is based on application of information technology tools to ensure access to learning resources for all students in the absence of face to face classes. It is conducted in the form of asynchronous or synchronous communication where-in asynchronous system tools like e-mail, discussion boards, learning newsgroups are used. For synchronous system webcasting, live chat and audio/video technologies are used for realtime class. Hybrid learning can be defined as a learning approach that combines both remote learning and inperson learning to improve student experience and ensure learning continuity.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44414957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and Severity of Premenstrual Syndrome among Undergraduate Medical Students","authors":"S. Yunus, Bushra Bano, Ayesha Farooq, Amtullah Zarreen","doi":"10.51273/ESC20.251646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC20.251646","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find out the frequency and to assess the degree of severity of premenstrual syndrome among undergraduate medical students Methods:Methods: It is a Cross-Sectional Study conducted in 161 female Students of Allama Iqbal Medical College of 1st year to final year who voluntarily consented for participation. PMS and its severity was diagnosed on the basis of a modified DRSP scale: mild if the score is 50-85, moderate if the score is 86120 and severe if the score is >120. Females having irregular periods or any organic pathology and those using hormonal contraception or any medication were excluded.Data was analyzed by SPSS version 23. Frequency, percentage charting was expressed for variables like presence of PMS and severity of PMS. Quantitative variables like age and BMI were expressed by Mean±S.D. Data was stratified for age, BMI, year of study, living status and marital status to deal with effect modifiers. Test of significance was applied i.e chisquare. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Subjects ranged between 18-25 years with mean age of 19.9±2.1 years. Majority of the students were between 18-20 years. Mean BMI was 19.9±1.9 kg/m2. Mean year of study was 2.4±1.3 year. Out of 161 subjects, 53 (32.9%) were living with parents while remaining 108 (67.1%) were far from parents. Married students were 10 (6.2%). Premenstrual syndrome was found to be in 31 females (19.2%), mild 4.3%, moderate 8.1% and severe 6.8%,and severity was more in 4-5 years students, p-value was found significant with variable years of study (p-value= 0.095). Conclusion: PMS was found in 19.2% of undergraduate medical students. Early recognition and timely management can improve the quality of performance among undergraduates.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44204874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of R-CHOP with CHOP in Patients of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma","authors":"F. R. Lodhi, Amjad Zafar, M. A. Khokhar, A. Goraya, S. Yaqub","doi":"10.51273/ESC20.2516417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC20.2516417","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a lymphoid B cells neoplasm with a diffuse pattern and high proliferation rate. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP) was considered effective as other complicated regimens with more toxicity profile. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 positive B cell. It has good activity therapeutically in patients of DLBCL. It increases response rates and survivals when added to CHOP chemotherapy. Although R-CHOP is more effective but due to high cost of Rituximab it is usually not incorporated with chemotherapy in most of our patients and CHOP is still used extensively. Due to heterogeneity of disease and difference in ethnicity, there may be difference in outcomes of two regimens. This study will help us in tailoring our management plan that will result in better outcome of patients. Methods: 70 patients aged between 20-65 years having DLBCL were taken in this study. We rando-mized patients by lottery method into two groups. Group I received CHOP with dose of Cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2, Doxorubicin 50mg/m2, Vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 and prednisolone 40mg/m2.Chemotherapy was given on Day-1 while prednisolone was given for 5 days from Day-1 of chemotherapy. Group II received RCHOP which includes same chemotherapy with same dosage. Rituximab was included in Group II with dose of Rituximab 375 mg /m2. Each cycle was given at three weeks interval. Response in terms of CR (Complete Response), PR (Partial Response), SD (Stable Disease) or PD (Progressive Disease) was evaluated as per leukemia network after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. The quantitative variables were calculated by taking mean and standard deviation. The response was assessed in percentage and frequencies and compared by applying chi square test. Results: Group I had 37.1% while Group II had 68.6% complete response with p value of 0.019. Partial response was 48.6% in Group I while 20.0% in Group II. 14.3% in Group I and 8.6% in Group II either had stable disease or progressive disease. Conclusions: R-CHOP has superior response rates as compared to CHOP, therefore, whenever possible Rituximab should be added as target therapy in chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49630305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge About Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Paediatricians","authors":"Fatima Zia, Hafsa Qamar, I. Aslam, M. Siddiqui","doi":"10.51273/ESC20.2516418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC20.2516418","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the frequency of Paediatricians who have good knowledge for diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods: It is cross-sectional study conducted in department of Paediatric Medicine, Children Hospital, Lahore, Jinnah Hospital and Services Hospital Lahore, in 6 months duration, spanning from June 27, 2016 till December 27, 2016. A total of 89 doctors fulfilling the inclusion criteria were registered after informed consent. Demographic data (including age, sex, qualification and duration of clinical experience) was taken. Doctors were given a questionnaire to assess their knowledge of ASD. The questionnaire was a nineteen-item self-administered questionnaire divided into four domains namely, social interaction (Domain 1), impairment in communication (Domain 2), repetitive behavior (Domain 3), characteristics of autism as a disorder and its comorbidities (Domain 4). The KCAHW sore ≥ 15 was considered as good. Data was entered and analyzed in (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: The mean age of subjects was 30.67±2.80 years with 31(31%) physicians male and 69(69%) were females. The mean KCAHW score was 15.07±3.54 with minimum and maximum score of 7 and 19. According to operational definition a total of 62(62%) subjects had good knowledge while 38(38%) physician had score < 15. Conclusion: Though 68% of paediatricians had good knowledge about childhood autism according to our study. The physicians who had poor knowledge, must be considered for different educational activities to enhance their knowledge regarding ASD, which may help in early diagnosis and improving prognosis of children with ASD. Key Words: Paediatricians, Autism spectrum disorder How to Cite: Zia F, Qamar H, Aslam I, Siddiqui MA. Assessment of knowledge about autism spectrum disorder among paediatricians. Esculapio.2020;16(04):83-86.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49129344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of Enterococcus faecium SF68 and Saccharomyces boulardii in Acute Severe Diarrhea in Infants: Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Fariha Khan, M. Z. Khan, A. M. Rehan, Zoobia Irum, F. Perveen, S. Chiragh","doi":"10.51273/ESC20.2516413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC20.2516413","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study was done to observe the effect of Enterococcus faecium SF68 and Saccharomyces boulardii in acute severe diarrhea in infants. Methods: It was a single blind, randomized controlled clinical trial done in Children Hospital, Lahore. The infants were selected between 6 months to 12 months of age. All the infants were suffering from acute diarrhea with severe dehydration. Total 105 infants were selected and randomly divided into three groups having 35 infants in each group. Infants in group A received standard treatment of diarrhea. Infants in group B and C received Enterococcus faecium SF68 and Saccharomyces boulardii respectively twice daily for five days along with standard treatment of diarrhea. All the infants were monitored for five days. The treatment response was observed in terms of frequency of diarrhea, duration of diarrhea, stool consistency and length of hospital stay. Results: The frequency of diarrhea, duration of diarrhea and length of hospital stay were significantly reduced in both group B and C as compared to group A. Conclusion: Enterococcus faecium SF68 and Saccharomyces boulardii helped to reduce the stool frequency, duration of diarrhea, length of hospital stay and also improved the stool consistency in acute severe diarrhea in infants.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48297259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Antidiabetic Treatment with the Type of Obesity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients","authors":"Jawariea Ali, Sheikh Sajjad Ali, M. Imran, T. Tariq, Umair Mahmood, J. Iqbal","doi":"10.51273/ESC20.2516421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC20.2516421","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find association between antidiabetic treatment and the type of obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: The study was conducted in National Institute of Diabetes & Endocrinology (NIDE), Karachi, over a period of 6 months, ie. from January to June, 2018. It was an observational analytical study, for which 59 patients were selected via non-probability sampling, as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected through detailed history, examination. A database was developed and analyzed on SPSS 17. A pvalue <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Fifty nine patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study. While 30 (50.8%) had generalized obesity, 29 (49.2%) were not having generalized obesity. Further it was observed that 35 (59.3%) had abdominal obesity, while 24 (40.7%) were not having abdominal obesity. A total of 39 (66.1%) were on insulin, while 20 (43.9%) were not on insulin. Finally, 41 (69.5%) were on oral hypoglycemic drugs, while 18 (30.5%) were not on oral hypoglycemic drugs. P-values were not significant for the study parameters. Conclusion: There is no association between antidiabetic treatment and type of obesity in type 2 diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44076704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid and Platelet Rich Plasma Treatment by using Visual analogue Scale in the Patients of Knee Osteoarthritis","authors":"Muhammad Ali, M. Azam, Maimoona Zaheer, Fahad Wali Shah Khagha, A. Shah, F. Masood","doi":"10.51273/ESC20.251648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC20.251648","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the efficacy of Hyaluronic acid (HA) and Platelet rich plasma (PRP) for treatment of Knee osteoarthritis. Methods: A randomized controlled trial done at department of Orthopedics Unit-I, Mayo Hospital Lahore. 130 cases fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled. All patients were divided into two groups. In group-A, cases were treated with HA (1% sodium Hyaluronate mixed in a phosphate buffered saline). In group-B, cases were treated with 10ml of PRP extracted from 100ml of their blood. Before and after procedure pain and efficacy was recorded. Results: The frequency of pain reduction ≥ 50% was statistically higher in PRP group as compared to HA group, p-value < 0.05. Conclusion: Through the findings of this study we conclude that the efficacy of efficacy of PRP was high than HA for treatment of Knee osteoarthritis.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42207685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison between Bupivacaine Alone and Bupivacaine with Tramadol in Epidural Block for Postoperative Pain Management","authors":"S. Khaleeq, Azib Ali, Sahir Shafiq, M. M. Butt, M. Aslam, M. Jehangir","doi":"10.51273/ESC20.2516422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC20.2516422","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was designed to compare the mean pain score with bupivacaine versus tramadol plus bupivacaine in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. Randomized Controlled Study. Anesthesia department of SIMS medical college/Services Hospital, Lahore. Duration is 13 months from 20th August2017 till 24th September 2018. Method: 80 patients aged 20-60 years of ASA I & II status, undergoing elective surgery were selected. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and B) of 40 each, using random numbers table. An epidural catheter was placed at L3-L4 intervertebral level. Group A was given 30 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine and Group B was given 25mg Tramadol plus 0.125% bupivacaine mixture in the same volume. General anesthesia was induced with IV Propofol 2mg/kg and atracurium 0.5mg/kg. After recovery from anesthesia, patients were shifted to HDU. Post-operative pain was assessed using the 10-point VAS score. Injection nalbuphine 0.1mg/kg was given as rescue analgesic when VAS score became more than 4. Results: The mean age of patient in Group A was 37.5 ± 9.1 years and 38.6 ± 7.0 years in Group B. Mean BMI in Group A was 33.2 ± 4.3 and 32.2 ± 4.2 in Group B. The mean pain score after 12 hours of surgery was 3.6 ± 0.8 in Group A and 1.5 ± 0.9 in Group B, p value was significant. Conclusion: Thus, the present study concludes that epidural administration of tramadol as adjuvant with bupivacaine is more effective in postoperative pain relief as compared to bupivacaine alone.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47214918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mode of Delivery in Pregnant Females with Fibroid Uterus Presenting in Spontaneous Labour","authors":"U. Aziz, M. Afzal, H. Shabbir","doi":"10.51273/ESC20.2516416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC20.2516416","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the mode of delivery of obstetric population with uterine fibroids presenting in spontaneous labor. Methods: It was a Descriptive cross sectional study done at Obstetric unit of Arif Memorial teaching Hospital, from June 2019 to May 2020. 50 pregnant patients with uterine fibroids in spontaneous labor were included in the study with 95% confidence level and 5 % margin of error. Results: In our study, 62 % (n=31) patients were between 20-30 years of age with 38 % (n=19) between 31-40 years with Mean age and SD 25.63 ±2.89 years. 68% (n=32) patients were between 34-36 weeks of gestation whereas 32% (n=18) were between 37-39 weeks with Mean gestational age and SD 29.66 ±1.59. 66 % (n=33) patients were Primigravida to Gravida 3 and 34% (n=17) were Gravida4 to Gravida 5. The frequency of emergency caesarean section in patients with uterine fibroids was 58% (n=29) whereas 42 % (n=21) cases with uterine fibroids had normal vaginal delivery. The most frequent indication for emergency cesarean section was labor dystocia i.e. (41.37%). Conclusion: The frequency of emergency caesarean section amongst patients with uterine fibroids presenting in spontaneous labor is high particularly due to labor arrest. The number of fibroids has an impact on mode of delivery in these patients. Therefore each obstetric patient with uterine fibroids, must be evaluated thoroughly for the appropriate mode of delivery in prenatal period.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43490994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Anemia among Primigravida Attending the Antenatal Clinic of Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Natasha Bushra, A. Wasim, J. Feroze, M. Masood","doi":"10.51273/ESC20.2516420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC20.2516420","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the frequency of anemia, severity, its various types and determinants among primigravida attending the antenatal clinic of tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was cross sectional study conducted in Antenatal clinic, Gynecology and Obstetrics department, Services Hospital Lahore for duration of one year from 01-07-2017 to 30-06-2018. All primigravida presenting to antenatal clinic for their first antenatal visit uptil 24 weeks were included in study. Blood samples of the patients was sent in complete blood count vial to pathology laboratory. Patients having hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl were labelled as anemia and typing was done according to RBC indices, S. Ferritin and hemoglobin electrophoresis if required. Characteristics of patients anemic and nonanemic patients were compared. Severity of anemia was also noted. Results: Total 210 primigravida were screened and 53 (25.2%) patients were found to be anemic. Iron deficiency anemia was noted in 40(75.5%) patients, beta thalassemia in 9(17.0%) patients and megaloblastic anemia in 4(1.9%) patients. Mild anemia was seen in 28(52.8%), moderate anemia in 19(35.8%) and severe anemia in 6(11.3%) primigravida. The mean age of the patients was 25.68±4.68 years in patients without anemia and 26.47±4.76 in patients with anemia. The mean gestational age at booking was 16.15±4.87 weeks for non anemic patients and 22.23±3.67 weeks for anemic patients (p<0.05). Mean hemoglobin in anemic patients was 9.2+0.8 mg/dl while 11.1+0.6mg/dl in nonanemic patients (p<0.05). Illiteracy, low socio- economic status and no intake of iron supplementation had significant association with anemia (p<0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of anemia among primigravida attending the antenatal clinic of tertiary care hospital was 25.2% and the most common type was iron deficiency anemia. Poverty, illiteracy, late booking and no iron and folic acid intake were significant determinants of anemia. Key Words: Anemia, Primigravidas, Iron deficiency anemia How to Cite: Bushra N, Wasim A.Z, Feroze J, Masood M. Pattern of anemia among primigravida attending the antenatal clinic of tertiary care hospital. Esculapio.2020;16(04):92-96.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49249247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}