ETRI Journal最新文献_第7页

Energy efficiency assessment of wireless system exploiting multiple reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with hardware impairments 利用具有硬件损伤的多个可重构智能表面的无线系统能效评估

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

ETRI Journal Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.4218/etrij.2023-0456

Nguyen Van Vinh

{"title":"Energy efficiency assessment of wireless system exploiting multiple reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with hardware impairments","authors":"Nguyen Van Vinh","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0456","DOIUrl":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0456","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores a practical scenario with hardware impairments (HIs) in a multireconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted wireless system. This approach is based on a mathematical analysis of the performance of the HI-RIS system. To this end, a closed-form expression of the energy efficiency (EE) and its asymptotic behavior, particularly in regions with high transmit power, are derived. Next, an analysis was conducted to compare the EE of the HI-RIS system with those of relevant systems: the ideal hardware (ID)-RIS system, HI-point-to-point (P2P) system (without RISs), and ID-P2P system (without RISs). The numerical findings unequivocally demonstrate that the incorporation of RISs substantially enhances the EE of the HI-RIS system, particularly at high transmit rates. However, at low transmit rates, the EE of the HI-RIS system less than that of the HI-P2P system. This trend is also reflected in the EEs of the ID-RIS and ID-P2P systems. Moreover, the significant impact of HI on the EEs of the HI-RIS and HI-P2P systems is analyzed. The effects of crucial system parameters, such as the number of reflecting elements, frequencies of WiFi networks, and fading order, are comprehensively determined to provide insights into the behaviors of the HI-RIS system. The outage probability and throughput behaviors of the HI-RIS system are also evaluated to comprehensively analyze of the benefits of RISs and the effects of HI. Finally, the accuracy of the derived expressions was verified using Monte Carlo simulations.","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 2","pages":"193-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2023-0456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A sum-rate maximization for IRS-aided broadcast SWIPT with time-switching structure and nonlinear energy harvester 具有时间开关结构和非线性能量收集器的 IRS 辅助广播 SWIPT 的总速率最大化方法

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

ETRI Journal Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.4218/etrij.2023-0418

Pham Ngoc Son, Pham Viet Tuan, Van Hiep VU, Mai T. P. Le, Vien Nguyen-Duy-Nhat

{"title":"A sum-rate maximization for IRS-aided broadcast SWIPT with time-switching structure and nonlinear energy harvester","authors":"Pham Ngoc Son, Pham Viet Tuan, Van Hiep VU, Mai T. P. Le, Vien Nguyen-Duy-Nhat","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0418","DOIUrl":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0418","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the sum-rate gain of the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in a broadcast simultaneous wireless information and power transfer network. Users are equipped with a time-switching (TS) structure for an alternating information decoder and a nonlinear energy harvester. The sum-rate maximization (SRM) problem is formulated subject to the constraints of the energy-harvesting threshold required by users and limited transmission power at the base station (BS). To address the SRM problem, we jointly designed a broadcast beamforming precoding vector at the BS, reflective phase shifters at the IRS, and TS factors at the users. Subsequently, after certain manipulations, we propose efficient iterative algorithms that combine alternating optimization, successive convex approximation, semidefinite relaxation, and rank-one penalty function methods to obtain a suboptimal solution. Finally, the numerical results show the promising sum-rate gain of the proposed scheme compared with the conventional schemes.","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"20-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2023-0418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An efficient dual layer data aggregation scheme in clustered wireless sensor networks 集群无线传感器网络中的高效双层数据聚合方案

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

ETRI Journal Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.4218/etrij.2023-0214

Fenting Yang, Zhen Xu, Lei Yang

{"title":"An efficient dual layer data aggregation scheme in clustered wireless sensor networks","authors":"Fenting Yang, Zhen Xu, Lei Yang","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0214","DOIUrl":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0214","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless sensor network (WSN) monitoring systems, redundant data from sluggish environmental changes and overlapping sensing ranges can increase the volume of data sent by nodes, degrade the efficiency of information collection, and lead to the death of sensor nodes. To reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes and prolong the life of WSNs, this study proposes a dual layer intracluster data fusion scheme based on ring buffer. To reduce redundant data and temporary anomalous data while guaranteeing the temporal coherence of data, the source nodes employ a binarized similarity function and sliding quartile detection based on the ring buffer. Based on the improved support degree function of weighted Pearson distance, the cluster head node performs a weighted fusion on the data received from the source nodes. Experimental results reveal that the scheme proposed in this study has clear advantages in three aspects: the number of remaining nodes, residual energy, and the number of packets transmitted. The data fusion of the proposed scheme is confined to the data fusion of the same attribute environment parameters.","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"46 4","pages":"604-618"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2023-0214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient pitch-estimation network for edge devices 用于边缘设备的高效螺距估计网络

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

ETRI Journal Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.4218/etrij.2023-0430

Chi Yoon Jeong, Youngmi Song, Sungyong Shin, Mooseop Kim

{"title":"Efficient pitch-estimation network for edge devices","authors":"Chi Yoon Jeong, Youngmi Song, Sungyong Shin, Mooseop Kim","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0430","DOIUrl":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0430","url":null,"abstract":"Pitch estimation is the task of finding the most conspicuous frequency in a complex audio signal. Many methods that use deep neural networks have significantly increased the accuracy of pitch estimation; however, their real-time performance results were achieved on high-performance devices. Because pitch estimation is widely used in real-time applications on low-power devices, we propose an efficient method for estimating pitch on edge devices. The network architecture of the proposed method uses a depth-scaling strategy and fully leverages convolutional networks. We further introduce a channel attention mechanism to increase accuracy without increasing computational overhead. We compared the proposed model with state-of-the-art (SOTA) and conventional methods using two public datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a better classification accuracy than FCNF0++, which is the best performing SOTA model. Furthermore, it reduces the processing time obtained by FCNF0++ on a personal computer and two edge devices by 48% on average. These experimental results confirm that the proposed method efficiently classifies pitch on edge devices.","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"112-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2023-0430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Writer verification using feature selection based on genetic algorithm: A case study on handwritten Bangla dataset 利用基于遗传算法的特征选择进行作家验证：手写孟加拉语数据集案例研究

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

ETRI Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-28 DOI: 10.4218/etrij.2023-0188

Jaya Paul, Kalpita Dutta, Anasua Sarkar, Kaushik Roy, Nibaran Das

{"title":"Writer verification using feature selection based on genetic algorithm: A case study on handwritten Bangla dataset","authors":"Jaya Paul, Kalpita Dutta, Anasua Sarkar, Kaushik Roy, Nibaran Das","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2023-0188","url":null,"abstract":"Author verification is challenging because of the diversity in writing styles. We propose an enhanced handwriting verification method that combines handcrafted and automatically extracted features. The method uses a genetic algorithm to reduce the dimensionality of the feature set. We consider offline Bangla handwriting content and evaluate the proposed method using handcrafted features with a simple logistic regression, radial basis function network, and sequential minimal optimization as well as automatically extracted features using a convolutional neural network. The handcrafted features outperform the automatically extracted ones, achieving an average verification accuracy of 94.54% for 100 writers. The handcrafted features include Radon transform, histogram of oriented gradients, local phase quantization, and local binary patterns from interwriter and intrawriter content. The genetic algorithm reduces the feature dimensionality and selects salient features using a support vector machine. The top five experimental results are obtained from the optimal feature set selected using a consensus strategy. Comparisons with other methods and features confirm the satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"46 4","pages":"648-659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2023-0188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141980503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing peak-to-average power ratio of filtered non-orthogonal multiple access and new radio 5g waveforms using hybrid partial transmit sequence-companding technique 利用混合部分发射序列压缩技术降低滤波后非正交多址和新型无线5g波形的峰均功率比

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

ETRI Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.4218/etrij.2023-0405

Arun Kumar, Karthikeyan Rajagopal, Nishant Gaur, Aziz Nanthaamornphong

{"title":"Reducing peak-to-average power ratio of filtered non-orthogonal multiple access and new radio 5g waveforms using hybrid partial transmit sequence-companding technique","authors":"Arun Kumar, Karthikeyan Rajagopal, Nishant Gaur, Aziz Nanthaamornphong","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2023-0405","url":null,"abstract":"For fifth-generation (5G) and beyond 5G communications, filtered nonorthogonal multiple access (F-NOMA) can be used as a waveform contender. Filtering-based waveform frameworks provide suppression of out-of-band emission (OOBE) and asynchronous transmission. For new types of waveforms, a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) remains a challenge. A high PAPR in multicarrier systems can be efficiently mitigated by applying partial transmit sequence (PTS). Combining PAPR reduction techniques can improve the transmission efficiency by nonlinearly scaling the signal amplitudes before transmission and inversely scaling them at the receiver. We propose a hybrid technique that combines PTS and companding to reduce the PAPR in an F-NOMA system. Conventional nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is compared with F-NOMA, and systems with and without the hybrid technique are examined regarding metrics including the power spectral density, bit error rate (BER), and computational complexity. Compared with NOMA, simulation results show that F-NOMA using the proposed technique improves the PAPR and OOBE while preserving the BER performance of F-NOMA.","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2023-0405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hybrid intelligent reflective surfaces and relay assisted secure transmission scheme with power allocation 具有功率分配功能的混合智能反射面和中继辅助安全传输方案

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

ETRI Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.4218/etrij.2023-0401

Yan Shi, Dongqing Zhao, Yue Wu

引用次数: 0

Improved contrastive learning model via identification of false-negatives in self-supervised learning 通过识别自我监督学习中的假阴性来改进对比学习模型

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

ETRI Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.4218/etrij.2023-0285

Joonsun Auh, Changsik Cho, Seon-tae Kim

引用次数: 0

Background music monitoring framework and dataset for TV broadcast audio 电视广播音频背景音乐监测框架和数据集

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

ETRI Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.4218/etrij.2023-0249

Hyemi Kim, Junghyun Kim, Jihyun Park, Seongwoo Kim, Chanjin Park, Wonyoung Yoo

{"title":"Background music monitoring framework and dataset for TV broadcast audio","authors":"Hyemi Kim, Junghyun Kim, Jihyun Park, Seongwoo Kim, Chanjin Park, Wonyoung Yoo","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0249","DOIUrl":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0249","url":null,"abstract":"Music identification is widely regarded as a solved problem for music searching in quiet environments, but its performance tends to degrade in TV broadcast audio owing to the presence of dialogue or sound effects. In addition, constructing an accurate dataset for measuring the performance of background music monitoring in TV broadcast audio is challenging. We propose a framework for monitoring background music by automatic identification and introduce a background music cue sheet. The framework comprises three main components: music identification, music–speech separation, and music detection. In addition, we introduce the Cue-K-Drama dataset, which includes reference songs, audio tracks from 60 episodes of five Korean TV drama series, and corresponding cue sheets that provide the start and end timestamps of background music. Experimental results on the constructed and existing datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework, which incorporates music identification with music–speech separation and music detection, effectively enhances TV broadcast audio monitoring.","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"46 4","pages":"697-707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2023-0249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generative autoencoder to prevent overregularization of variational autoencoder 防止变分自动编码器过度规则化的生成自动编码器

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

ETRI Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.4218/etrij.2023-0375

YoungMin Ko, SunWoo Ko, YoungSoo Kim

引用次数: 0