ETRI Journal最新文献

{"title":"MR3: An execution framework for hive and spark","authors":"Seonggon Namgung,&nbsp;Sungwoo Park","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2024-0488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0488","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Resource utilization in multi-tenant environments remains a critical challenge for distributed data processing frameworks such as Apache Hive and Apache Spark. To address this, we propose MR3, a new execution framework designed to enhance efficiency by allowing multiple directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to share a common pool of workers and reusing these workers across different clients. MR3 introduces a novel dynamic task scheduling policy that prioritizes tasks with all input data ready, irrespective of their statically assigned priorities, to improve resource utilization. We integrate MR3 into Hive and Spark, creating Hive-MR3, an extension of Hive which uses MR3 as its execution backend, and Spark-MR3, an add-on to Spark which replaces the scheduler backend with MR3. Our experiments on the TPC-DS benchmark show that the dynamic task scheduling policy of MR3 improves the throughput of Hive-MR3 for concurrent queries by 8.9% to 43.3%. Additionally, when running multiple Spark applications, Spark-MR3 outperforms vanilla Spark by reducing the running time by up to 36.3%. These results underscore the potential of MR3 to improve performance of distributed data processing frameworks in multi-tenant environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"107-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2024-0488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact planar UWB microstrip antenna with independently controllable dual notch bands","authors":"Subhajit Paul,&nbsp;Sandeep Rana,&nbsp;Amit Ranjan Azad,&nbsp;Dalia Nandi,&nbsp;Akhilesh Mohan","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2024-0224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0224","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper introduces a compact microstrip antenna specially designed for ultra-wideband (UWB) technology with dual notch band (DNB) properties. The antenna consists of a semi-annular ring-shaped patch and a partial ground plane. An arc-shaped slot and a rectangular complementary split-ring resonator are used to create the DNBs. The UWB antenna operates within a frequency spectrum spanning from 3.15 GHz to 13.57 GHz. DNBs are generated for the frequency ranges of 3.43 GHz to 4.25 GHz and 6.57 GHz to 7.81 GHz to reduce interference from the WiMAX band and X-band downlink satellite channel, respectively. The DNBs can be tuned separately by tuning the structural parameters of the antenna. Within the UWB frequency range, the simulated and measured data demonstrate that the antenna exhibits good radiation efficiency with nearly bidirectional radiation characteristics in the <i>E</i>-plane with a peak gain of 3.5 dBi. The proposed antenna has potential applications in UWB communication, mobile communication, and wireless body area networks due to its compact size and low manufacturing cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 6","pages":"1125-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2024-0224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformer network for time series prediction via wavelet packet decomposition","authors":"Zhichao Wu,&nbsp;Aiye Shi,&nbsp;Yan Ping Tao","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2024-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Time series predictions are commonly used in the fields of energy, meteorology, and finance, among others. The accurate prediction of time series data is critical for making decisions and planning. In the real world, non-stationary time series data with statistical properties shift over time, making prediction more challenging. Although, conventional time series processing methods—such as multi-scale feature extraction or Transformer-based algorithms—produce superior prediction results, when dealing with data that contain more noise and outliers, the prediction ability of such methods can suffer. To address this problem, we proposed the WPFormer model, which incorporated time-frequency analysis into the Transformer architecture to increase the long-term series prediction accuracy. The model employed wavelet packet decomposition to identify and eliminate noise efficiently, increasing its immunity to interference. We evaluated WPFormer on four publicly available datasets and compared its performance against the Informer, LogTrans, Reformer, LSTMa, LSTNet, and DeepAR models using MSE and MAE metrics. On average, the WPFormer model surpassed the benchmark models by 16%.</p>","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 4","pages":"672-684"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2024-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DenoSR: A high-fidelity super-resolution approach for noisy images","authors":"Zihan Guo,&nbsp;Haijian Shao,&nbsp;Xing Deng,&nbsp;Yingtao Jiang","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2024-0295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At the forefront of digital image processing, image super-resolution has emerged as a flourishing research area. However, despite remarkable progress, current methods still encounter significant hurdles, particularly when enhancing noisy images. To overcome this limitation, this study introduces a state-of-the-art super-resolution reconstruction technique called DenoSR, which leverages a pretrained diffusion model and is categorized as a zero-shot super-resolution reconstruction methodology. DenoSR, in its engagement with noisy images, progressively refines high-frequency image features through an inverse diffusion mechanism, thereby ensuring the accurate reconstruction of fine details. An exhaustive quantitative analysis conducted on publicly available benchmark datasets demonstrated that DenoSR outperformed existing methodologies in terms of image reconstruction quality. Furthermore, qualitative assessments corroborate the superiority of DenoSR in terms of reconstruction fidelity, highlighting significant advancements in enhancing the realism and naturalness of visual perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 6","pages":"1104-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2024-0295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secrecy and reliability performance of an energy-harvesting-enabled two-user NOMA system","authors":"Alok Baranwal,&nbsp;Sanjay Dhar Roy,&nbsp;Sumit Kundu","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2023-0384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2023-0384","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We analyze the secrecy attributes of an energy-harvesting-enabled decode-and-forward relay-based cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system in the presence of an eavesdropper. Information flow through the wireless channel exposes legitimate users to eavesdropping by unintended users on confidential information. We study the secrecy performance of two-user NOMA systems by calculating the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC). An eavesdropper overhears the signal from a source and relays it from a relay node. We evaluate the secrecy performance of both nodes (i.e., relay node (\u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>U</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub></math>) and distant node (\u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>U</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub></math>)) by developing a novel closed-form expression for node \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>U</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub></math>. For node \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>U</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub></math>, we evaluate an analytical but intractable expression of SOP and tractable analytical expression of ESC. We examine the effects of network parameters on secrecy and link outages. We also observe the reliability of the link outage probability of node \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>U</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub></math> and system outage probability. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the analytical results and evaluate the effect of SOP on imperfect channel state information and perfect channel state information.</p>","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 4","pages":"771-785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2023-0384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal retrieval-augmented generation framework for machine translation","authors":"Shijian Li","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2024-0196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of multimodal machine translation (MMT) systems has attracted significant interest due to their potential to enhance translation accuracy with visual information. However, there are two limitations: (i) scarce large-scale corpus data in the form of (text, image, text) triplets and (ii) the semantic information learned by pre-training cannot transfer to multilingual translation tasks. To address these challenges, we propose a novel multimodal retrieval-augmented generation framework for machine translation, abbreviated as MRF-MT. Specifically, using the source text as a query, we retrieve relevant (image, text) pairs to guide image generation and feed the generated images into the image encoder of Multilingual Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (M-CLIP) for learning visual information. Subsequently, we employ a projection network to transfer visual information learned by M-CLIP as a decoder prefix to Multilingual Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers (mBART) and train the mBART decoder using a two-stage pre-training pipeline. Initially, the mBART decoder is trained for image captioning with a visual–textual decoder prefix from M-CLIP's image encoder projection network. Subsequently, it undergoes training for caption translation, using prefixes from M-CLIP's text encoder. Extensive experiments show that MFR-MT achieves promising performance compared with baselines.</p>","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 4","pages":"707-720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2024-0196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to analyzing and designing dielectric-coated conducting conical antennas with enhanced bandwidth","authors":"Enamul Khan,&nbsp;SK. Moinul Haque,&nbsp;Prasanta Halder,&nbsp;Saeed Roshani,&nbsp;Laxmikant Minz","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2024-0364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0364","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A rigorous analysis of a dielectric-coated conical antenna in the presence of a loop is presented in this paper. The poor matching in return loss characteristics of an isolated loop antenna has previously been improved using a conductive cone but with a narrow bandwidth. The current approach achieves 23.10% –10 dB bandwidth, compared to the 6.56% –10 dB bandwidth of a conductive conical antenna, resulting in a 252.13% –10 dB improvement. We analyze the return loss, radiation pattern, and −10 dB bandwidth by varying parameters such as wire diameter, loop radius, loop height from the cone's vertex, and permittivity. Simulated results are compared with computed results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed design.</p>","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"20-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2024-0364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146680453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental demonstration of 100 Gb/s single-fiber bidirectional transmission over 40 km using multi-wavelength BOSA for 6G networks and data-center interconnections","authors":"Han Hyub Lee,&nbsp;Sae-Kyoung Kang,&nbsp;Joon Young Huh,&nbsp;Hwan Seok Chung","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2024-0466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We experimentally demonstrate 100 Gb/s bidirectional transmission over 40 km using a multi-wavelength bidirectional optical sub-assembly (BOSA) based on a single bidirectional multi-wavelength Mux/Demux. The Mux/Demux consists of an optical zig-zag glass block and thin film filters. Four wavelengths with 800 GHz spacing (that is, two wavelengths for each direction) within a 20-nm band in the O-band are utilized, and there is no four-wave mixing penalty. The multi-wavelength BOSA enables the bidirectional transmission of 2 × 50 Gb/s PAM4 signals over a 40-km single-fiber link. The multi-wavelength BOSA with multi-level modulation presents a suitable approach for future speed and transmission distance increases in 6G networks and data-center interconnections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 6","pages":"1039-1048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2024-0466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Siamese network-based user-independent model for surface electromyogram biometric authentication","authors":"Youngsam Kim,&nbsp;Jong-hyuk Roh,&nbsp;Soohyung Kim","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2024-0370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0370","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The advent of deep-learning technology has enhanced the performance of biometric systems, including facial and fingerprint recognition systems. Although facial recognition is now commonly used for authenticating mobile device users, it can be easily falsified as it relies on external traits. In this study, we design a user-independent model for surface electromyogram (sEMG) biometric authentication using the convolutional Siamese network with an <i>N</i>-pair loss function. We then implement the shift-equivariant model by exploiting the convolution and padding operations to deal with small shifts in multichannel sEMG sensors for various users. Additionally, the augmentation methods for time-series data and spectrograms are used to further improve the performances of the model. We employ the public Gesture Recognition and Biometrics electroMyogram (GRABMyo) dataset, comprising 43 subjects and 16 gestures collected over 3 days, to train and evaluate the model. The proposed model achieves equal error rates of 5.62% and 8.94% for unknown subjects while preserving and leaking the gesture code, respectively. In cross-day experiments, the model achieves rates of 4.92% and 7.56%, respectively, demonstrating robustness to intersession variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 6","pages":"1163-1177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2024-0370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the design of intelligent reflecting surfaces with graphene for maximum wireless power transfer in Internet of Things communications","authors":"Bhupendra Sharma,&nbsp;Anirudh Agarwal,&nbsp;Deepak Mishra,&nbsp;Soumitra Debnath,&nbsp;Santosh Shah","doi":"10.4218/etrij.2024-0470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2024-0470","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To meet the growing demand for higher data speeds and denser network coverage, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) have gained considerable attention owing to their ability to control electromagnetic waves with accurate beam orientation. However, an optimal IRS design for maximum wireless power transfer (WPT) is essential and requires the integration of tuning features into reflect arrays. Earlier studies employed varactor and PIN diodes for the tuning of metallic reflectors; by contrast, graphene offers inherent tuning without extra components owing to its unique material properties. We propose the design of optimal graphene-enabled IRS (GIRS) to maximize WPT in Internet of Things (IoT) communications. Specifically, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the power received by an IoT user, thereby obtaining a global optimal solution in terms of the Fermi level of GIRS. Furthermore, the closed-form expression of the Fermi level was derived as a function of the reflection amplitude controlled by GIRS, incident frequency, and other GIRS parameters. Finally, we numerically validated all investigations and provide several insights into the necessary GIRS design parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":11901,"journal":{"name":"ETRI Journal","volume":"47 5","pages":"921-933"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.4218/etrij.2024-0470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}